Post on 01-Apr-2020
2234-15
Meeting of Modern Science and School Physics: College for School Teachers of Physics in ICTP
Albert Stasenko
27 April - 3 May, 2011
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow
Russian Federation
Physics of flight (aerodynamics)
PROFESSOR ALBERT L. STASENKO
MOSCOW INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY
(NATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY)DEPARTMENT OF AEROMECHANICS
AND FLIGHT ENGINEERING
Physics of Flight
Meeting of Modern Sci. and School Physics: College for School Teachers of Physics in ICTP 27 April 3 May 2011
A.L. Stasenko
Principal topics1. General aerodynamic force2. Parachute area3. An aircraft leans against the earth surface4. Those dangerous vortices (animations)5. An Eagle and a Sparrow6. Reactive movement7. Flight and potential energy8. That huge ORION Project9. Does the “cosmic cold” exit?10. Reentry corridor11. Vehicle heat-proof
A.L. Stasenko
A flyer presses upon the earth surface
A fly sits A fly flies
??
Momentum flux equalsto the weight of a flyer
Z
Y
A.L. Stasenko
Descending aircraft vorticesin the calm atmosphere
Aircraft position y = 0, -1 < z < 1
A.L. Stasenko
PRINCIPAL AERODYNAMIC FORCE
DEPENDS ON ρ v L
3mkg
sm m
or Γρ LVF ~ (Kutta – Zhukovsky)
LV~Γ sm2
– circulation,
222
smkgN,~ ⋅=ρ LVF
A.L. Stasenko
What parachute area needed?
S⊥ ~
m g ≈ ρV2 S⊥,
sm5≤V
2
2
2
3
22
2m40
sm25
mkg1
sm10kg10
≈⋅
⋅≈
ρV
gm
A.L. Stasenko
Evaporating layer
A cloud of fragments
Front of electromagnetic radiation
The step-by-step acceleration of the vehicleis provided with the explosions of atom bombs
The huge ORION Project
A.L. Stasenko
Interplanetary mission from the point of view of potential energy
Pluto
Earth
VenusJupiter
Sun
Potential energy of a body in dependence on its distance from the Sun center(the case of “parade of planet”)
A.L. Stasenko
MRTp ρ=
constMRTu =+ 2
52
2
E.K. Tsiolkovsky formula
0
lnm
m
u
u
exit
=
de Laval nozzle which allows to accelerate the gas over sound velocity
Scheme of the ion thruster
ρuS = const
MRTp ρ=
puu Δ−=Δρ
Reactive Movement
A.L. Stasenko
An eagle and a sparrow
L
Eagle, M ~ L3 Sparrow, m~l3
l v ~ ω lV ~ Ω L
Mg ~ ρV2L2 ~ ρΩ2L4 ~ L3g
Mg ~ ρv2l2 ~ ρω2l4 ~ l3g
ω2l ≈ Ω2L lL=
Ωω
A.L. Stasenko
Is there cold in Space?Heat Radiation
q = σT4 2m
W
Tσ = 5.7·10–8
42KmW
A simple model of human being
qo = 14002m
W
Heat balanceQo+qo S⊥ = STh
4σTh ~ 350 K → Th~ 80o C !!!
ρ, kg/m3p, Pa
T, K
h, km
A.L. Stasenko
REENTRY CORRIDOR
Severe RestrictionAB:
)(22
EL R
vgmSvc −≥ρCD:
ERgvv =≤
1
EF: 4
2 mTvv σ≤ρ
Heat to the flyer)(ρ 22
1E
3 vvvRcmcvScQ
L
DD
−==
SvcLiftL 2
2ρ=v
“Boundary” of the atmosphere
SvcDragD 2
2ρ=
v, km/s
Bh, km
A.L. Stasenko
Reentry Vehicle Heat-Proof
hentrance
V > VIBrake
EARTH
;sm
J,2h
TTq −+
−λ= ~~
2
λ
ρτ
hcm
s10~
KsmJ10
)m10(KkgJ10
m
kg10~ 5
2
2133
2
⋅⋅
⋅⋅
⋅ −