Physical and Chemical Changes

Matter Matter – anything that has volume or

mass. Atoms are the smallest unit of matter!

Volume – anything that takes up space

Mass – the amount of matter that something is made of

MASS Mass

Measured in grams with a balance

Volume Liquid Volume

measured in liters

Meniscus – the curve that

you see at the liquid’s

surface used to measure

the volume

Volume Solid Volume

Measured in cubic meters (m3)

Cubic means “having 3 dimensions”

Remember Inertia – tendency of all objects to

resist any change in motion More Mass Greater Inertia

harder to move an object with a large mass harder to stop an object with larger mass once

moving

A. Matter FlowchartMATTER

Can it be separated by physical means?

Homogeneous Mixture

(solution)

Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes no

Can it be decomposed by chemical means?

noyesIs the composition uniform?

noyes

B. Pure Substances Element

matter composed of identical atoms EX: copper

B. Pure Substances Compound

matter composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio

properties differ from those of individual elements

EX: salt (NaCl)

C. MixturesNon-specific combination of 2 or more pure substances.

Homogeneous Mixture

even distribution of components

EX: saline solution

Two Types of Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixture

uneven distribution of components

EX: granite

A. Physical Property A characteristic of matter that can be

observed or measured without changing the identity of its matter.

can be used to separate mixtures

EX: density, color, odor, mass and volume

Chemical Property A characteristic that indicates whether a

substance can undergo a specific chemical change.

EX: flammability, reactivity

Physical Change Physical changes occur when

matter changes its property but not its chemical nature.

Physical changes could include a change in: texture, shape, size, color, odor, volume, mass, weight, and density.

Physical ChangeRemember!

properties remain the same

reversible

can be used to separate mixtures

Physical Change

Chemical Change Chemical changes are changes

matter undergoes when it becomes new or different matter.

To identify a chemical change look for signs such as color change, bubbling and fizzing, light production, smoke, and presence of heat.

C. Chemical ChangeRemember!

properties change

irreversible

Signs: color change, formation of a gas/solid, release of light/heat

Chemical Change A chemical change

occurs when fireworks are used. Fireworks are made of metals such as magnesium and copper. These change chemically as they light up the sky.

Density Density describes

how much mass is in a given volume of a material.

Density Solids, liquids and

gases are matter, so they all have density.

Determining Density To find the density of a

material, you need to know the mass and volume of a solid sample of the material.1. Mass is measured with

a balance or scale.

2. Use the displacement method or calculate the volume.

Density Problems

What is my Density?

Mass

1. 500g

2. 300g

3. 25g

Volume

50ml

15ml

5cm3

Complete the following questions on a separate sheet of paper as a part of your homework assignment.