Post on 13-Jan-2016
Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
• The cells in leaves contain chlorophyll • Traps energy from the sun to produce energy-
rich sugar molecules--carbohydrates
6CO2 + 6H2O + solar energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Energy & Nutrient Transfer
Producer
• Organism that makes its own food
• Also called autorophs
Consumer
• Organism that get their energy by eating other organisms.
• Also called heterotrophs
Decomposers
• Organisms that feeds by breaking down organic matter from dead organisms
• Examples: bacteria and fungi
Exception to the Rule
• Deep-Ocean Ecosystems
--Tube worms depend on bacteria that live inside them to survive. The bacteria uses energy from Hydrogen Sulfide to make their own food
chemosynthesis
Chemosynthesis
Life Depends on the Sun
• Organisms use energy to move, grow and reproduce
Grizzly BearsOmnivore—eats both meat & plants
Can eat up to 1.5% of their body weight in one day when eating salmon and 33% of body weight when eating fruits & vegetation.
• How many pounds of salmon can a 200lb grizzly bear eat in one day?
15% of 200 = 30lbs• How many pounds of fruits and
vegetation can the same bear eat in one day?
33% of 200 = 66 lbs
Cellular Respiration
Breaking down of food
to yield energy using
the O2 you breath in
C6H12O6 + 6O2 =
6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
Excess Energy
• Stored as Fat or Sugar
Energy Transfer
• Food Chains, Food Webs, Trophic Levels
Food Chain
• Sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next as each organism eats another organism
Food Web
• Feeding Relationships that are possible in an ecosystem
Who Eats Who-Energy Transfer
Food Chain – Food Web
Trophic Level
• Each step in the transfer of energy through a food chain or web in an ecosystem
Food Pyramid
Energy Loss Affects
• 1. decrease amount of energy impacts each trophic level
• 2. Loss limits the number of trophic levels; rarely have 4 or 5 levels since so much energy is needed to support
Trophic Cascade
• Indirect interaction between predators and the resources consumed by the predator’s prey
Cycling of Materials
• Materials in an ecosystem are constantly reused in an endless cycle
Nitrogen & Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Movement of Nitrogen between atmosphere, bacteria and other organisms
Phosphorus Cycle
Movement of phosphorus from the environment to organisms and back
Aquatic Ecosystem
How Ecosystems Change
• Primary Succession occurs on a surface where no ecosystem existed before
• Secondary Succession occurs where an ecosystem previously existed—pioneer species, climax community
Primary Succession
Ecological Succession
Old Field Succession