Phosphoric Acid Fuel cellPhosphoric Acid Fuel cell

Used in hospitals, nursing homes Used in hospitals, nursing homes and for all commercial purposes and for all commercial purposes

Electrolyte: Liquid Phosphoric acidElectrolyte: Liquid Phosphoric acid Catalyst: platinumCatalyst: platinum Electrical efficiency of 40% Electrical efficiency of 40% Advantages :using impure hydrogen Advantages :using impure hydrogen

as fuel and 85% of the steam can be as fuel and 85% of the steam can be used for cogenerationused for cogeneration

Working DiagramWorking Diagram

Contd …Contd …

The anode and cathode reactions are the The anode and cathode reactions are the same as those in the PEM fuel cell with the same as those in the PEM fuel cell with the cathode reaction occurring at a faster rate cathode reaction occurring at a faster rate due to the higher operating temperature. due to the higher operating temperature.

The increased temperature also imparts a The increased temperature also imparts a slightly higher tolerance to impurities and slightly higher tolerance to impurities and phosphoric acid cells can function with 1-2 phosphoric acid cells can function with 1-2 per cent carbon monoxide and a few ppm per cent carbon monoxide and a few ppm of sulphur in the reactant streams.of sulphur in the reactant streams.

Simple construction, stability and low Simple construction, stability and low electrolyte volatility electrolyte volatility

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Disadvantages: uses expensive Disadvantages: uses expensive platinum as catalystplatinum as catalyst

Large size and weightLarge size and weight Low power and currentLow power and current Existing PAFC’s have outputs of Existing PAFC’s have outputs of

200kw and 1Mw are being tested200kw and 1Mw are being tested

http://www.toshiba.co.jp/product/fc/fce/nature.htm

External Reforming &Internal Reforming of Fuel

Major Fuel cell PlantMajor Fuel cell Plant

IMP. LINKSIMP. LINKS Link showing the working of a battery with Link showing the working of a battery with

animations:animations: http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/core/c17.htm http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/core/c17.htm Link showing complete overview of phosphoric Link showing complete overview of phosphoric

acid fuel cell :acid fuel cell :

http://www.ch2bc.org/FCHandbook/TechOver1-1Fhttp://www.ch2bc.org/FCHandbook/TechOver1-1FCDesc.htmCDesc.htm

Link showing the history of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Link showing the history of Phosphoric Acid Fuel CellCell

http://americanhistory.si.edu/fuelcells/phos/http://americanhistory.si.edu/fuelcells/phos/pafcmain.htm#TOPpafcmain.htm#TOP

ApplicationsApplications

http://www.fossil.energy.gov/prograhttp://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/powersystems/fuelcells/fuelscellsms/powersystems/fuelcells/fuelscells_phosacid.html_phosacid.html

Industrial and other commerical Industrial and other commerical applications are in server:applications are in server:

Energy/Energy/FC_Materials.docFC_Materials.doc

ActivityActivity

Operating Temperature of Phosphoric Operating Temperature of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell?Acid Fuel Cell?

80C80C 600C600C 205C205C 800-1000C800-1000C

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Electrolyte in phosphoric Acid Fuel Electrolyte in phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell?Cell?

Ion exchange membraneIon exchange membrane Phosphoric AcidPhosphoric Acid CeramicCeramic Liquid Molten CarbonateLiquid Molten Carbonate

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What is the catalyst used in What is the catalyst used in Phosphoric Acid fuel Cell?Phosphoric Acid fuel Cell?

NickelNickel PlatinumPlatinum PervoskitesPervoskites

NoneNone

ActivityActivity

What Fuel can be used in Phosphoric What Fuel can be used in Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell?Acid Fuel Cell?

H2H2 CH4 +H2OCH4 +H2O CO+H2OCO+H2O All of the aboveAll of the above