Post on 29-Jul-2020
May 28, 2015
Key Concepts:
What causes the phases of the moon?
What are the solar and lunar eclipses?
What causes the tides?
May 28, 2015
Key Terms
phases lunar eclipseeclipse tidesolar eclipse spring tideumbra neap tidepenumbra
May 28, 2015
Motions of the MoonMoon Movement
- revolves around the Earth- rotates on its own axis
In this rotation the position of the moon, Earth, and sun change and cause the phases of the moon, eclipses, and tides
May 28, 2015
Motions of the Moon
Moon rotates ONCE on axis in the SAME amount of time that it revolves around the Earth
-1 "day" on Earth = 1 "year" on the moon- same side of the moon always faces the Earth- 29.5 Earth "days" between full moons
May 28, 2015
Phases of the Moon
-Moon does not produce light, reflects light from the sun like a mirror
-different shapes of the moon you see from Earth = phases-phases are caused by the relative positions of the moon, Earth,
and sun.-the phase of the moon you see depends on how much of the
sunlit side of the moon faces Earth
May 28, 2015
New Moon sunlit side faces away from Earth, making it appear that there is
no moon in the sky
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Waxing Crescent portion of the moon you can see is waxing (growing) into a crescent shape - the light is reflected on the right side of the
moon
Phases of the Moon
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First QuarterYou can see half of the sunlit side of the moon (light appears on
the right side)
Phases of the Moon
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Waxing GibbousThe moon continues to wax ("grow") and the visible shape of
the moon is called a gibbous
Phases of the Moon
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Full MoonThe entire sunlit side of the moon faces the Earth
Phases of the Moon
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Waning GibbousThe portion of the moon you can see wanes (shrinks)
Phases of the Moon
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Third QuarterYou can see half of the moon's lighted side (on the left)
Phases of the Moon
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Waning CrescentYou see the crescent on the left side
Phases of the Moon
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Phases of the Moon view from space
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Reading Check: What is a new moon?
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Eclipses
In most months, the moon revolves around the Earth without an eclipse
An eclipse occurs when...
The moon's shadow hits Earth or Earth's shadow hits the moon.
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Eclipse
When an object in space comes between the sun and a third object, it casts a shadow on that object.
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Solar Eclipse
When a new moon passes directly between the Earth and sun, blocking sunlight from the Earth and causing the moons' shadow
to hit the Earth
Occurs when a new moon blocks your view of the sun
May 28, 2015
Geometry in Science!Materials Needed: graph paper, ruler, pencil
Vocabulary: Diameter - any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle (Earth & the moon)
Measurements needed:Earth's diameter = 1 cm (this is NOT to scale) Moon's diameter = about one fourth Earth's diameterDistance from Earth to moon = about 30 times Earth's diameter
Directions: draw the moon, Earth, and the distance between them. From the edges of the moon, draw and shade in a triangle that represents the moon's umbra
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Total Solar EclipsesThe umbra is the darkest part of the moon's shadow
**Only people on Earth within the umbra experience a total solar eclipse**
UMBRA
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Total Solar Eclipses
- sky grows as dark as night-air gets cool
-sky becomes an eerie color-can see the stars and solar corona (faint outer
atmosphere of the sun)
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Partial Solar EclipsePenumbra - the larger part of the shadow in a solar eclipse
that is less dark than the umbra
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Partial Solar Eclipse
During a solar eclipse, the people in the penumbra only see a partial eclipse
Sun that is visible is EXTREMELY bright and dangerous to look at!
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Lunar Eclipse
Occurs at a full moon when the Earth is directly between the sun and the moon.
During a lunar eclipse, Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon.
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Total Lunar Eclipse
Earth's shadow has both the umbra and penumbraHOWEVER a total lunar eclipse can be seen anywhere on
Earth that the moon is visible
**Total lunar eclipse is more likely to be seen than a total solar eclipse**
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Partial Lunar Eclipse
-this occurs for most lunar eclipses
- Earth, the moon, and the sun are not quite in line
- moon passes partly into the umbra of Earth's shadow
-edge of the umbra is appears blurry - you can watch it pass over the moon for hours
May 28, 2015
Reading Check: During which phase of the moon can lunar eclipses occur?
May 28, 2015
Tides
- rise and fall of the ocean water- occurs approximately every 12.5 hours- water rises for 6 hours, falls for 6 hours
-regular cycle
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Tides are caused by differences in how much the moon's gravity pulls on different parts of Earth
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The Tide Cycle
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Spring Tides
- the gravity from the sun and the moon pulls the Earth's water
- during new moon and full moon (sun, moon, and Earth are almost fully in line)
- gravity of the sun and moon pull in the same direction and produce a spring tide
- creates a tide with the greatest difference between consecutive low and high tides- occur twice a month
May 28, 2015
Spring Tides
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Neap Tides
- occurs when there is a first quarter or third quarter moon- line between Earth, sun, and moon creates a right angle
(MATH IN SCIENCE - WOAH!)- gravity of sun and moon pull from different directions- the least amount of difference between a high and low
tide-occur twice a month
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Neap Tide
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Classwork Quiz:
1.) What causes the moon the shine?
2.) Why does the moon appear to change shape during the course of the month?
3.) How is a solar eclipse different than a lunar eclipse?
4.) What phase of the moon is this?