Post on 09-Mar-2015
HEPATIC ENZYME INHIBITORSSICKFACES. COMSodium valproateIsoniazideCimetidineKetoconazoleFluconazoleAlcohol..binge drinkingChloramphenicolErythromycinSulfonamidesCiprofloxacinOmeprazoleMetronidazole
HEPATIC ENZYME INDUCERSGP PARCSGriseofulvinPhenytoinPhenobarbitoneAlcohol..chronic useRifampicinCarbamazepinesSulfonyl ureas
DRUGS EXTENSIVELY BOUND TO PROTEINSPDF SWAMP
PropranololDiazepam\FibratesSulfonyl ureasWarfarinAspirinMontelukastPhenytoin
DRUGS CAUSING HEPATITISI'M SHARP SCAMPIIsoniazideMethyldopaSulfonyl ureasHalothaneAmiodaroneRifampicinPhenytoinSodium valproateCiprofloxacinAntifungals ..systemically
MethotrexatePyrazinamideIsotretinoin
DRUGS CAUSING LUPUSPIG'S PHPropyl thiouracilIsoniazideGriseofluvinSulfonamidesPhenytoinHydralazine
DRUGS CAUSIND WEIGHT GAINMS CLOTMAO inhibtorsSodium valproateCorticosteroidsLithiumOral contraceptivesTricylic antidepressants
DRUGS CAUSING PULMONARY FIBROSISBad Breathlessness Makes More Air NecessaryBusulfanBleomycinMethylsergideMethotrexateAmiodaroneNitrofurantion
DRUGS CAUSING PANCREATITISFAST CATSFurosemideAzathioprineSodium valproateTetracyclineCorticosteroidsAlcoholThiazidesSulfonamides
MORPHINE'S PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIONSHECK of a DREAMHistamine and Hormonal actions..increased prolactin, decreased GRH, CH, FSH, ACTHEmesisContraction of biliary smooth muscleCardiovascular changes..there's verry little CV changes at normal dosages, orthostatic hypotension may occurDecrease cough reflex, Decrese GI motility, Depression of mental functioning,,,seddationRespiratory depressionEuphoria
AnalgesiaMiosis
medical and pharmacy Mnemonics
THE ADVERSE REACTIONS OF CHOLINERGIC AGONISTSDUMBLESDiarrhea and decreased blood pressureUrinationMiosisBronchoconstrictionExcitation of skeletal muscleLacrimationSalivation and sweating
THERAPEUTIC USES OF BETHANECHOL..cholinergicBBBBethanechol stimulates the Bladder and Bowel
TOXIC EFFECT OF MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTSDry as bone, Hot as a hare, Red as a beet, Blind as a bat, Mad as a hatterDry mouthInhibition of sweating specially in young childrenTachycardia and cutaneous vasodilationBlurred visionHallucination and delirium
CONDITIONS OR DISEASES CAUSE HYPERCALCEMIACHIMPANZEESCalcium supplementationHyperparathyroidismIatrogenic..caused by thiazide diureticsMilk alkali syndrome/ MalignancyPaget's diseaseAddison's diseaseNeoplasmZollinger-ellison syndromeExcess vitamin DExcess vitamin ASarcoid
GRAM -VE BACTERIA THAT FIRST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS ARE ACTIVE AGAINSTPEcKProteus mirabilisEscherichia coliKlebsiella
SULFONAMIDES TOXICITIES THAT SHOULD WATCH FORCRANKCrystalluriaRashesAnemiaNauseaKernicterus
DRUGS USED FOR HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONSFor herpes, GIVe acyclovirFoscarnetGanciclovirIdoxuridineVidarabineAcyclovir
ONE OF RIFAMPICIN SIDE EFFECTRifampicin-Red orangeurine, sweat, tears and other secretions may become red orange in color
TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSENTS (TCA) SIDE EFFECTSTCA'SThrombocytopeniaCardiac...arrhymia, MI, strokeAnticholinergic...tachycardia, urinary retention, etcSeizures
RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION INDUCING DRUGSSTOP breathingSedatives and hypnoticsTrimethoprimOpiatesPolymyxins
HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS: SIDE EFFECTS, CONTAINDICATIONS, INTERACTIONSHMG-CoASide effectsHepatotoxicityMyositis...rhabdomyolysisContraindicationsGirl during pregnancy/ Growing childrenInteractionsCoumarin/ Cyclosporine
BENZODIAZEPINES THREE MEMBERS THAT UNDERGO EXTRAHEPATIC ----BOLISMOutside The LiverOxazepamTemazepamLorazepamThese undergo extrahepatic ----bolism and do not form active ----bolites
LITHIUM SIDE EFFECTSLITH
LeukocytosisInsipidus ...diabetes insipidus, tied to polyuriaTremor/ TeratogenesisHypothyroidism
Gynaecomastia-causing drugs
DISCOS Digoxin IsoniazidSpironolactone
Cimetidine Oestrogens Stilboestrol
Morphine: side-effect
MORPHINE Myosis Out of it ...sedation
Respiratory depression Pneumonia...aspiration
Hypotension Infrequency...constipation, urinary retentionNausea Emesis
Etoposide: action, indications, side effect eTOPosideAction
Inhibits TOPoisomerase II IndicationsTesticular carcinoma
Oat cell carcinoma of lung Prostate carcinoma Side effect Affects TOP of your head, causing alopecia
Medication administration: short checklist TRAMPBefore dispensing medication, ensure have correc
Time RouteAmount
Medication Patient
Pupils in overdose: morphine vs. amphetamine MorPHINE: Fine. AmPHETamine: Fat Morphine overdose: pupils constricted ..fine Amphetamine overdose: pupils dilated ..fat
Nitrofurantoin: major side effects NitroFurAntoin Neuropathy..peripheral neuropathy Fibrosis..pulmonary fibrosis Anemia..hemolytic anemia
Myasthenia gravis: edrophonium vs. pyridostigmineeDrophonium is for Diagnosis
pyRIDostigmine is to get RID of symptoms
Lithium: side effectsLITHIUM
Leukocytes Increased...leukocytosisTremors
HypothyroidismIncreased Urine
Moms beware...teratogenic
Respiratory depression inducing drugsSTOP breathing
Sedatives and hypnoticsTrimethoprim
OpiatesPolymyxins
Parkinsonism: drugsSALAD
SelegilineAnticholinenergics...trihexyphe nidyl, benzhexol, ophenadrine
L-Dopa + peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor ...carbidopa, benserazideAmantadine
Dopamine postsynaptic receptor agonists ...bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide
Inhalation anestheticsSHINESevofluraneHalothaneIsofluraneNitrous oxideEnflurane· If want the defunct Methoxyflurane too, make it MoonSHINE.
Warfarin: interactionsACADEMIC QACS
AmiodaroneCimetidineAspirinDapsoneErythromycinMetronidazoleIndomethacinClofibratesQuinidineAzapropazoneCiprofloxacinStatins
Steroids: side effectsBECLOMETHASONEBuffalo humpEasy bruisingCataractsLarger appetiteObesityMoonfaceEuphoriaThin arms & legsHypertension/ HyperglycaemiaAvascular necrosis of femoral headSkin thinningOsteoporosisNegative nitrogen balanceEmotional liability
Teratogenic drugsW/ TERATOgenicWarfarinThalidomideEpileptic drugs: phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepineRetinoidACE inhibitorThird element: lithiumOCP and other hormones...eg danazol
Sulfonamides: common characteristicsSULFASteven-Johnson syndrome/ Skin rash / Solubility lowUrine precipitation/ Useful for UTILarge spectrum...gram positives and negativesFolic acids synthesis blocker...as well as synthesis of nucleic acidsAnalog of PABA
Beta-1 vs Beta-2 receptor ********You have 1 heart and 2 lungsBeta-1 are therefore primarily on heartBeta-2 primarily on lungs
Amiodarone: action, side effectssix P's
Prolongs action potential durationPhotosensitivityPigmentation of skinPeripheral neuropathyPulmonary alveolitis and fibrosisPeripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism
TB: antibiotics usedSTRIPE
STreptomycinRifampicinIsoniazidPyrizinamideEthambutol
Sodium valproate: side effectsVALPROATE
VomitingAlopeciaLiver toxicityPancreatitis/ PancytopeniaRetention of fats...weight gainOedema ...peripheral oedemaAppetite increaseTremorEnzyme inducer...liver
Beta-blockers: main contraindications, cautionsABCDE
AsthmaBlock...heart blockCOPDDiabetes mellitusElectrolyte ...hyperkalemia
Beta 1 selective blockers"BEAM ONE up, Scotty"
Beta 1 blockersEsmololAtenololMetropolol
Beta-blockers: nonselective beta-blockers"Tim Pinches His Nasal Problem" (because he has a runny nose)
TimololPindololHismololNaldololPropranolol
Methyldopa: side effectsMETHYLDOPA
Mental retardation
Electrolyte imbalance
Tolerance
Headache/ Hepatotoxicity
psYcological upset
Lactation in female
Dry mouth
Oedema
Parkinsonism
Anaemia...haemolytic
Hypertension: treatmentABCDACE inhibitors/ AngII antagonists...sometimes Alpha agonists alsoBeta blockersCalcium antagonistsDiuretics...sometimes vasoDilators also
Enoxaprin (prototype low molecular weight heparin): action, monitoring
EnoXaprin only acts on factor XMonitor Xa concentration, rather than APTT
Anesthesia: 4 stages"Anesthesiologists Enjoy S & M"AnalgesiaExcitementSurgical anesthesiaMedullary paralysis
SSRIs: side effectsSSRI
Serotonin syndromeStimulate CNSReproductive dysfunctions in maleInsomnia
Lead poisoning: presentationABCDEFG
AnemiaBasophilic strippingColicky painDiarrheaEncephalopathyFoot dropGum ...lead line
Depression: 5 drugs causing itPROMS
PropranololReserpineOral contraceptivesMethyldopaSteroids
Microtubules: drugs that act on microtubules"The MicroTubule Growth Voiding Chemicals"
ThiabendazoleMebendazoleTaxolGriseofulvinVincristine/ VinblastineColchicine
Torsades de Pointes: drugs causingAPACHEAmiodaroneProcainamideArseniumCisaprideHaloperidolEritromycin
Benzodiazapines: ones not ----bolized by the liver...safe to use in liver failureLOTLorazepamOxazepamTemazepam
SIADH-inducing drugsABCD
Analgesics: opioids, NSAIDsBarbituratesCyclophosphamide/ Chlorpromazine/ CarbamazepineDiuretic ..thiazide
Pulmonary infiltrations inducing drugs"Go BAN Me!"GoldBleomycin/ Busulphan/ BCNUAmiodarone/ Acyclovir/ AzathioprineNitrofurantoinMelphalan/ Methotrexate/ Methysergide
Hepatic necrosis: drugs causing focal to massive necrosis"Very Angry Hepatocytes"Valproic acidAcetaminophenHalothane
Phenytoin: adverse effectsPHENYTOINP-450 interactionsHirsutismEnlarged gumsNystagmusYellow-browning of skinTeratogenicityOsteomalaciaInterference with B12 ----bolism ..hence anemiaNeuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache
Ribavirin: indicationsRIBAvirinRSVInfluenza BArenaviruses ...Lassa, Bolivian, etc
Aspirin: side effectsASPIRINAsthmaSalicyalismPeptic ulcer disease/ Phosphorylation-oxidation uncoupling/ PPH/ Platelet disaggregation/Premature closure of PDAIntestinal blood lossReye's syndromeIdiosyncracyNoise..tinnitus
1. GABAa agonist-muscimol2. GABAb agonist-baclofen(centrally acting muscle relaxant)3. GABAa antagonist-bicuculline
4. GABAb antagonist-saclofen
centrally acting antidiabetic-bromocriptine muscle relaxant used in liver diseases-atracurium dantrolene is used in malignat hyperthermia caused by succinyl choline n GA