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HSE STANDARD
Module 34
Asbestos
and
Man Made Mineral Fibre
(MMMF)
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS ONE
MODULE IN A SET COMPRISING
HSE STANDARDS
FOR THE
BRUNEI SHELL COMPANIES
April 2000
Approved by: SES/3Document Owner: HSE
Revision
2.0
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IMPORTANT NOTICE
This module is one of a series produced by Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sdn Bhd. They represent
the minimum acceptable HSE standards for a wide range of operations that are carried out by, andfor, the Brunei Shell Companies (BSC). Brunei Shell Companies or BSC are expressions used for
convenience when referring to Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sdn Bhd (BSP), Brunei LNG Sdn
Bhd (BLNG), Brunei Shell Marketing Company Sdn Bhd (BSM) and Brunei Shell Tankers Sdn Bhd
(BST) collectively. BSC is not a legal entity. Each of the four companies has its own separate legal
identity and objectives. The Government of Brunei Darussalam and Shell (which is also an
expression of convenience) are shareholders in all four companies, whilst there is a third shareholder
in BLNG, namely Mitsubishi Corporation.
THIS DOCUMENT
Comment and feedback from users of this module is encouraged, in order that the series may beupdated as appropriate to reflect current requirements.
For details of the current revision status of all modules, a summary of intermediate updates
published since the last revision, and information on how to comment on this module, please refer
to the latest edition of:
& HSE Standards Master Index, Module 00, document number TMS0434
which is republished at regular intervals.
This document is unregistered. Brunei Shell personnel should obtain copies in accordance with the
procedure in HSE Standard Module 00, Master Index, Chapter 4. Contract personnel should obtaincopies from the Contract Holder.
Within the Corporate Management System (CMS) documentation hierarchy, this document has the
status ofStandard and its Process Owner is SES/3.
DISCLAIMER
Brunei Shell Petroleum Co. Sdn. Bhd. assume no liability for the contents of this module, in whole
or in part, nor for interpretations made by the user. The objective of the module is to provide sound
working practices and standards, and thus to provide for better management of health, safety and
environmental matters.
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CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 4
2 RESPONSIBILITIES 5
2.1 Asset Holders 5
2.2 Supervisors 5
2.3 All Personnel 5
3 REQUIREMENTS 6
3.1 General 6
3.2 Large-scale Operations 8
3.3 Medium-scale Operations 9
3.4 Small-scale Operations 9
3.5 Waste Disposal 9
3.6 Medical Surveillance 10
4. MAN MADE MINERAL FIBRES (MMMF) 11
4.1 Objective 11
4.2 Scope 11
4.3 Types Of MMMFs 11
4.4. Health Effects 11
4.5. Exposure To MMMF 12
4.6 Safe Handling Procedrues 13
4.7 Personal Protective Equipment 14
4.8 Consultation 14
4.9 Monitoring 15
APPENDICESAppendix 1 - Exposure Souces and Concentrations 16
Appendix 2 - Control of Exposure to Asbestos Fibres 18
Appendix 3 - Some Current Tradenames for MMMFs 21
Appendix 4 - Typical Exposure Levels 22
Appendix 5 - References 23
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1 INTRODUCTION
Asbestos is a naturally occuring fibrous mineral which does not burn, is resistant to chemicals
and can be processed into products of considerable strength. Although there are many
different types of asbestos, only three are regularly encountered in industry and they are:
Crocidolite (blue asbestos), used in thermal and acoustic insulation and as a filler in
plastics.
Amosite (brown asbestos) is least used and occurs in fire resistant boards and insulation.
Chrysotile (white asbestos), used in asbestos cement, insulation and other building
materials.
The value of asbestos as an efficient thermal insulating material was recognised a long time ago
and until quite recently was used extensively in industry for that purpose. Unfortunately, the
health hazard potential of asbestos fibres was not recognised so quickly and many people today
are suffering diseases such as asbestosis and types of cancer as a result of breathing in these
fibres.
The health hazards associated with asbestos are now well known and due to the high risk
potential, systematic programmes implemented over the past few years have almost eliminated
asbestos from BSC locations. It may be many years yet, however, before the last trace of it is
removed and because there are still occasions where asbestos is handled, there is a need for
a definitive standard to control the way the activity is carried out.
This document provides that standard. Its structure is straightforward and specifies
requirements for:
general activity management aspects.
large-scale asbestos removal work.
medium-scale asbestos handling mainly carried out in houses.
small-scale work involving limited quantities of asbestos. disposal of asbestos waste.
This standard interfaces closely with other HSE Standard Modules (listed in Reference section
4) and should be used in conjunction with them.
Note that in this document, the word asbestos is used to describe the mineral both in its raw,
natural state and when it has been processed into a material or product containing asbestos.
The Process Owner of this document is EPM/4 (HSE/3, HSE/5, LPS/2, PML, PRS/2)
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2 RESPONSIBILITIES
2.1 Asset Holders
The responsibilities of Asset Holders shall include:
the systematic identification of the presence of asbestos products within their asset.
the assessment of risk to health from each occurrence of asbestos.
the maintenance of a register in which all locations where asbestos has been found are
recorded.
the implementation of a systematic programme of asbestos substitution.
ensuring approved procedures are in place for the handling of asbestos.
making available the personal protective equipment required by workers who come into
contact with asbestos.
ensuring all staff/employees have been given sufficient and suitable information,
instruction and training in the risks and health hazards associated with asbestoshandling and the methods of its disposal.
2.2 Supervisors
The responsibilities of supervisory personnel include :
ensuring that workers are aware of occurrences of asbestos and refractory ceramic
fibes*1 and its associated health hazards.
marking the location of asbestos and refractory ceramic fibres*1 with appropriate safety
signs.
using only specifically trained personnel for work involving the handling of asbestos
and refractory ceramic fibres*1.
keeping and maintaining records of persons involved in work with asbestos and refractory
ceramic fibres*1.
ensuring that approved procedures are followed for work which involves the handling
of asbestos and refractory ceramic fibres*1.
ensuring that appropriate personal protective equipment is used duirng work with
asbestos and refractory ceramic fibres*1.
arranging tests of unidentified materials suspected of being asbestos and refractory
ceramic fibres*1.
providing information for updating and asbestos and refractory ceramic fibres*1 location
register.
2.3 All Personnel
The responsibilities of all personnel, whether they are specialised asbestos workers or not,
shall include:
following approved procedures for work involving asbestos.
using properly the personal protective equipment provided.
reporting to a Supervisor the discovery of unidentified material suspected of being
asbestos.
*1 See section 4.3 fo rdetails
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3 REQUIREMENTS
3.1 General
Identification
Where a material is known to contain asbestos, it shall be clearly marked Asbestos and
appropriate warning signs displayed (see HSE Standard Module 28 - Safety Signs and Colour
Codes). This requirement applies to all occurences of asbestos, from building insulation to
brake pads.
Where asbestos has been removed and replaced with a man-made product, for example at
spading positions or valves, notices shall be attached at the point of change with an arrow
pointing in the direction(s) where asbestos remains.
In cases where it is not known or certain that a material to be handled contains asbestos, it shall
be treated as asbestos until testing of samples proves otherwise.
Sampling
Personal protective equipment shall be worn during the taking and sealing of samples. Samples
taken shall be sealed by double bagging in impervious plastic bags and both bags identified
with an asbestos warning label. They shall then be sent to either DRO/4 (for BSP) or LTS/4 (for
BLNG) who will forward them for analysis to a specialist laboratory in Singapore. Note, work
activities must be suspended until the material identification has been made.
Encapsulation
Where asbestos insulation on pipework, vessels and machinery is not to be removed, it shall
be encapsulated in such a manner that during normal site operations no free fibres are
generated into the working environment.
The encapsulation may be provided by the use of metallic sheeting, non-asbestos cement and/
or with a proprietary product that provides an elastomeric membrane which is seamless,
waterproof, abrasion resistant, chemical resistant and fireproof. Temporary measures can be
provided by double wrapping with heavy duty polythene sheeting secured with waterproof
adhesive tape and marked with Asbestos warning signs.
Risk Assessment
Before a decision is taken to use, remove or dispose of asbestos, a risk assessment shall be
conducted to determine associated health risk exposure (see Appendix 1 - Exposure Sources
and Concentrations). Note, it may be less hazardous to leave covered or encapsulated asbestos
in place than to remove it. A record of the risk assessment shall be taken.
Procedures
Asbestos shall be handled in accordance with the appropriate BSC Asbestos Procedures (seeSection 4 - References) and specific sites work instructions which shall specify safe methods
of handling, removal and disposal, and the hygiene and work practice training required by
persons who carry out the work.
Records
Employers shall keep and maintain records of all employees who are directly involved in work
with asbestos and may be exposed to airborne fibres. The records may be kept in a special
register or in personal files and shall contain the names of these persons, jobs held and dates,
length of exposure, and details of personal protective equipment used. Records shall be kept
available for inspection.
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Contractors
Where a contractor is used for asbestos removal, the contractor shall be a specialist in that type
of work and shall work in accordance with the relevant BSC Asbestos Procedures (see Section4 - References). The responsibility for working to agreed practices shall rest with the contractor
while overall supervision of activities shall rest with the relevant Brunei Shell Company.
Permits
All work involving the removal and disposal of asbestos shall be carried out under the control
of the Permit to Work Procedure for the BSC location at which the work is to be performed. The
use and handling of asbestos products such as storage and fitting of gaskets and brake or
clutch linings shall not require permit control but shall be the subject of close supervision and
carried out in accordance with local procedures and rules.
Air Sampling
Where sampling is needed to determine the level of exposure to airborne asbestos fibres, it shall
be carried out and supervised by a competent person with appropriate experience and training
(HSE Standard Module 40 - Occupational Health gives details of available support services).
Personal sampling by the membrane filter method shall be used and fibres counted by the
phase contrast optical technique. The following exposure limits for different types of asbestos
shall be:
For occupationally exposed persons, e.g. asbestos strippers;
for dust consisting of or containing any crocidolite or amosite.
- 0.2 fibres/ml, when measured as a TWA over any 8 hour period.
for dust consisting of or containing other types of asbestos but not crocidolite or
amosite.
- 0.5 fibres/ml, when measured as a TWA over any 8 hour period.
TWA = Time Weighted Average
These control limits are based on the requirements of the asbestos products manufacturing
industry. For all other persons, the lowest practical level of fibre concentration shall be
achieved and when persons are expected to occupy an area without respiratory protection, the
level shall not exceed 0.01 fibres/ml, for all types of asbestos.
Note, workplace air sampling may also be required in exposure surveys, for example the
clearance of work areas after the stripping out of asbestos insulation, prior to allowing re-entry
of personnel, or for monitoring the spread of contamination outside a restricted area.
In addition to air sampling to detect airborne fibres, monitoring of temperature and humidity
levels inside specially constructed enclosures may be required to ensure workers are not
subjected to excessive heat stress.
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3.2 Large-scale Operations
This category includes the demolition of buildings and process plant with the removal and
disposal of considerable quantities of asbestos material.
Where access equipment is used for asbestos removal, scaffold boards shall be covered with
polythene sheeting (minimum thickness 1000 gauge) and scaffold tube-ends shall be taped to
prevent ingress of fibres. Scaffolders are not required to wear protective equipment in addition
to what they normally use but shall take care not to disturb the asbestos material. When
asbestos removal operations are complete, access equipment shall be cleaned before scaffolders
are called into carry out dismantling.
The working area within which contamination is likely to occur shall be marked out as a
restricted area with hazard tape and appropriate warning signs posted. Where the work area
is outdoors, e.g. stripping off vessel insulation, additional measures such as the placing of
barriers may be required to deter access by unauthorised personnel.
Entry into a restricted area shall be confined to persons wearing personal protective equipment(see Appendix 2 - Control of Exposure to Asbestos Fibres). This restriction shall also apply to
all visitors.
Where practicable, plant or equipment from which insulation is to be removed shall be enclosed
on all sides. The floors and all surfaces within the enclosure shall be covered with impervious
sheeting, e.g. polythene, and all joints in the sheeting sealed for the duration of the work.
Individual items of equipment within the enclosed area shall be removed or covered and sealed.
Entry into the enclosure shall be through a series of at least three interconnecting chambers
constructed of impervious sheeting. These chambers shall be used for the changeover from
clean and contaminated clothing and equipment.
A negative pressure shall be maintained inside the enclosure using a portable extraction unit
fitted with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter located outside the enclosure andconnected to it with flexible trunking. The extraction rate shall be sufficient to maintain a
positive flow of air into the enclosure at its entrance (this is measurable with a smoke
generator).
Where panels or sheeting is secured in place with nails, screws or other fixings, every effort
shall be made to remove these fixings without having to drill or cut them. Once removed, panels
shall be wrapped in polythene sheet (1000 gauge) and sealed with waterproof adhesive tape.
No more than 5 panels shall be in a wrapped bundle of panels.
Insulation material to be removed shall be thoroughly soaked with water prior to removal to
minimise the incidence of airborne fibres. Residual fibre on pipework and surfaces shall be
removed by wet scraping and wire brushing. After removal of all insulation material, surfaces
inside the enclosure shall be vacuum cleaned using an approved vacuum cleaner. Wherepracticable, surfaces shall be sprayed with polyvinyl acetate (PVA) solution to seal any residual
fibre.
Waste collected shall be double-bagged inside the working area and the bags decontaminated
by wiping with a damp cloth or suction cleaned with a vacuum cleaner inside the contaminated
chamber. The method of bagging shall be to use red 500 gauge bags inside clear 350 gauge
bags. The bags shall be sealed and removed for disposal.
Contaminated clothing and equipment shall be cleaned by vacuum cleaner inside the
contaminated chamber. Decontaminated clothing may then be removed for laundering or
disposal and equipment removed for use elsewhere.
On completion of the work, the area shall be inspected and, if satisfactory, the enclosure
dismantled and the sheeting disposed of as hazardous waste.
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3.3 Medium-scale Operations
This category includes the installation, removal and handling of asbestos in office buildings
and houses. The majority of these operations involve work with panels and sheets containingasbestos but may also include work with limited quantities of pipework insulation.
The working area within which contamination may occur shall be marked out as a restricted
area with hazard tape and appropriate warning signs. Where the work is being carried out on
housing, barriers may be required to prevent access by members of the public.
Entry into a restricted area shall be confined to persons wearing appropriate personal
protective equipment (see Appendix 2 - Control of Exposure to Asbestos Fibres).
When removing panels and sheets held in place with nails or screws, every effort shall be made
to remove these fixings without having to drill, cut or break them. After removal, waste material
shall be bagged in the same way as described in section 3.2 and sent for disposal (see Section
3.5).
3.4 Small-scale Operations
This category includes removal and handling of small quantities of asbestos and maintenance
activities where workers may come into contact with asbestos.
Personal protective equipment shall be used whenever there is any possibility of asbestos fibre
inhalation or contamination of clothing. Wherever possible, operations shall be carried out
with the asbestos material wet and any collected waste shall be disposed of properly (see
Section 3.5)
Areas in which asbestos products, e.g. brake linings, gaskets, etc., are handled shall be
identified with appropriate warning signs and fitted out to facilitate containment and cleaning.
Components shall be stored in impervious packages labelled ASBESTOS. Work surfaces
shall be covered with impervious material and kept clean using vacuum cleaning methods.
The machining of asbestos products by cutting, drilling, etc. shall be carried out in designated
areas identified with appropriate warning signs and fitted with impervious work surfaces, e.g.
steel or laminated sheet. The generation of airborne dust shall be avoided by using manual or
low speed power methods which are less likely to create dust than high speed machining
methods. If airborne dust is generated, a local extract ventilator shall be used to exhaust
contaminated air via an HEPA filter outside the work area, at least at roof height. The ventilation
system shall be interlocked to ensure that it operates when the machining process is being
carried out. The entire system of fan, filter and ducting shall be checked for proper operation
daily and tested every three months.
Exposure to asbestos from brake lining dust during vehicle maintenance shall be minimised
by vacuum cleaning drums and shoes before handling. Blowing them clean with an airline isNOT permitted.
3.5 Waste Disposal
Asbestos waste of any kind, e.g. dust, old gaskets, loose fibre, offcuts, etc., is potentially
hazardous and shall be disposed of in strict compliance with Section 3.2 of HSE Standard
Module 51 - Waste Handling Procedure and specific site Waste Management Controlled
Procedure. Designated areas shall be provided and the asbestos waste shall be collected in the
labelled containment.
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3.6 Medical Surveillance
All persons engage in work, which may give rise to exposure to fibrous asbestos dusts should
be considered for medical surveillance at the discretion of the Company Medical Advisor.
The contents and frequency of both pre-placement and subsequent medical examinations
should be determined by the Company Medical advisor, taking into account the duration and
regularity of the work.
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4. MAN MADE MINERAL FIBRES (MMMF)
4.1 Objective
The objectives of these guidelines is to ensure that MMMFs are selected and handled so as to
reduce exposure from skin contact or inhalation, and hence minimise the risk of any adverse
health effects.
4.2 Scope
These guidelines apply to activities involving the installation or removal/demolition of
materials containing MMMF. They apply only to those materials which are unbonded and
because of the manner in which they are likely to be used or handled, have the potential to
release airborne fibres. Most insulation materials do not spontaneously release fibres but
require disturbance by wind or other mechanical damage to generate significant airborne
levels.
4.3 Types Of MMMFs
They may be classified into three categories, depending on their fibre diameter :
(i) Mineral wool - rockwool, used for general insulation purposes.
- fibreglass, used for general insulation purposes.
- reinforcing filament (continuous filament) - usually woven into cloth.
(ii) Ceramic fibres, manufactured from aluminium silicate, typically used for high
temperature ( >800 deg C ) insulation in furnaces etc. Alumina and zirconia fibre
products are sometimes referred to as refractory ceramic fibres to distinguish them
from the alumina-silicate ceramic fibres.
(iii) superfine fibres with a mean fibre diameter of less than 1um (micro-metre). These are
glass fibres used for special purposes and are rarely found in industry.
Note: See appendix 3 for some current MMMF products.
4.4. Health Effects
Present scientific evidence, based largely on animal studies, show some increase in incidence
of lung cancer. While present scientific evidence indicates only a low historical risk of human
cancer from exposure to MMMF, the implication of animal studies cannot be ignored, so it is
considered prudent to regard MMMFs with caution.
Other health effects, similar to those caused by some irritant and nuisance dusts, may result
from short term exposures to high concentrations of MMMF.
4.4.1 Acute exposure (short term)
Skin
Irritation of the skin is the commonest effect experienced by those who come into contact with
MMMF. The effect, consisting of itching and reddening of the skin, is an irritant dermatitis due
to the mechanical (not allergic) action of the coarse fibres with the skin. The skin irritation in
general does not last long.
Eye
Eye irritation is associated both with coarse airborne fibres entering the eye and with other
non-fibrous dusts often present when insulation materials are used. Effects usually disappear
soon after the eye is flushed clean.
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Inhalation
Irritation, particularly of the mouth, nose and throat, can occur following substantial exposure
to dust and fibres from MMMF. A dry cough can develop but usually disappears soon afterexposure has ceased.
4.4.2 Chronic exposure (long term)
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified rockwool and fibreglass fibre
as possibly carcinogenic to humans. In 1998, a European Directive has classified Refractory
Ceramic Fibres as category 2 carcinogens (substances to be regarded as if they are carcinogenic
to humans)
This was based on a combined evaluation of published human and animal studies and relates
to prolonged exposures to relatively high airborne fibre levels.
Note:
Most of the research involving human studies related to either the manufacturing of insulating
materials or the full-time application of the product. They do not apply to people who may have
intermittent or casual contact such as those working in the oil industry who occasionally may
be involved in installing or removal operations. For such people the health hazards are largely
associated with short-term irritation effects.
While scientific studies indicates a low historical risk of human cancer from exposure to
MMMF, the implication of animal studies cannot be ignored and therefore it is prudent to keep
exposure as low as practicable.
4.4.3 Silicosis risk
Refractory ceramic fibres pose an additional health concern after the product has been in
service at temperatures of 870C and higher. Aluminosilicate fibres are transformed at thesetemperature to crystalline silica in the form of cristobalite. Inhalation of silica can cause
silicosis, a fibrotic condition of the lung tissue, which can reduce lung capacity and makes the
victim more susceptible to disease such as pneumonia and tuberculosis.
Special care should be taken when working with refractory ceramic fibres because of the silica
hazard and because the fibres becomes more friable, which increases dust in the workplace.
4.5. Exposure To MMMF
4.5.1 Sources of exposure
Particular tasks such as sawing, grinding and cutting of products, the fitting of insulation to
plants and in buildings and its subsequent removal, will result in the release of fibres into the
atmosphere. The larger fibers will settle out but the finer smaller fibres will remain airborne.
Removal of materials such as dry insulation poses the greatest potential hazard.
4.5.2 Exposure limits
Exposure to MMMF should be kept as low as practicable below 1 fibre/ml (defined as fine fibres
of a diameter less than 3 mm) and in all circumstances below 5mg of total inhalable dusts per
m3 of air. These limits are time-weighted average of 8 hour working period.
Exposures to ceramic respirable fibres should not exceed 0.5 fibre/ml. Where crystalline silica
is Suspected (eg. removal of ceramic refractory material from furnaces) the exposure limit for
cristobalite of 0.05 mg/m3 must not be exceeded.
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Where these limits cannot be achieved by control of emission they should be achieved by the
use of appropriate respiratory protection and / or work procedures.
Note - In practical terms, since it would be difficult to obtain real time levels, the wearing of RPEis recommended. Use appendix 4, typical exposure levels for the type of activity, and refer to
RPE section, to determine the type of RPE to use.
4.6 Safe Handling Procedrues
4.6.1 Selection
Both performance and health criteria must be considered before selection of a MMMF product
is made. Refractory Ceramic Fibre (RCF) based materials are composed largely of respirable size
fibres and should only be used when no alternative exists, such as for high temperature
applications (> 800 deg C), or where space is limited (thermal conductivity decreases as fibre
diameter decreases hence ceramic fibre material has the best insulation rating per unit
thickness).
MMMF sheets and blankets should be ordered and provided in dust proof packaging and in a
form and shape which enables the material to be used with a minimum of cutting and handling
on site.
4.6.2 Storage
MMMF insulating material should be stored in designated low traffic areas, and in intact
containers or under sheet covers.
4.6.3 Handling
Where possible manual tools should be used to cut or trim insulating material. If power tools
must be used suitable local exhaust ventilation equipment should be installed at point of dustgeneration.
Where practicable all MMMF insulating material should be dampened or wetted before removal
to minimise the generation of airborne dust.
Avoid unnecessary re-handling of scrap by locating disposal equipment as close as possible to
work areas. Accumulation of scrap and debris on floor and other surfaces should be avoided.
Wet clean up methods are preferred.
Where practicable, waste should be placed in sealed containers, plastic bags or other methods
which control dust emissions.
Waste should be disposed of in accordance with HSE Standard Module 51, Waste Handling
procedure. Ceramic fibre-based material should double bagged as per asbestos waste.Designation of work areas using ropes, barriers and signposts etc is necessary if there is an
immediate danger upon entering from falling overhead material or if there are excessive
amounts of waste material in the immediate area.
When handling ceramic fibre insulating material additional handling precautions may be
required. These materials are most often used in furnace application where confined spaces
can give rise to excessive airborne fibre levels and where high temperatures lead to the
formation of crystalline silica.
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4.6.4 Identifying Usage Areas
All areas or equipment where ceramic fibre insulating material is in use should be identified
so that additional protective measures can be taken if required. The area shall be clearlymarked ceramic fibres.
4.7 Personal Protective Equipment
In locations where it is not practicable to avoid excessive fibre concentrations, management
should provide adequate protective equipment and training in its use. The following recom-
mendations apply to both intermittent and prolonged handling of MMMF insulating materials
and where airborne fibres are likely to be generated.
4.7.1 Skin protection
Irritation can be minimised by the use of gloves and long-sleeved and long-legged arments, with
a cloth tucked inside the collar to prevent material from entering. Tight or elasticized cuffs andwaistbands should be avoided to prevent fibres being rubbed into the skin. Hoods should be
worn for overhead work.
4.7.2 Eye protection
Safety goggles or face shield should be worn for eye protection.
4.7.3 Respiratory Protection
Disposable filtering face-piece or half face respirators may be used. Those marked FFP1, FFP2
and FFP3 have protection factor of approximately 4, 10 and 20 respectively which means they
may be suitable where dust levels do not exceed the TLV by a factor of 4, 10 or 20. But it should
be remembered that the amount of dust inhaled should always be reduced as far as reasonably
practicable below the TLV. This type of respirator should be disposed of at the end of each shift.
Re-usable half-mask respirator fitted with particulate filter cartridge may be an alternative and
those fitted with P2 or P3 filters have AFPs of 10 and 20 respectively. Pre-filters and cartridges
should be changed regularly, according to manufacturers guidelines.
In general, where work with Refractory Ceramic Fibres is involved, the minimum recommended
RPE for is FFP2 or P2, when airborne level is controlled. Where levels might exceed TLV, it is
recommended to use type FFP3 or P3.
4.8 Consultation
4.8.1 Before commencement
Before carrying out work which involves the use of MMMF insulation material, supervisorsmust consult with employees about the provisions of these guidelines and ensure that they are
agreed and adequate in the particular circumstances.
4.8.2 During progress of work
The procedures and precautions contained in the guidelines may have to be reviewed during
the course of work if circumstances render the agreed provisions inappropriate.
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4.9 Monitoring
It is generally not practicable to carry out monitoring for dust or fibre exposure as work
associated with MMMF insulation material is usually infrequent and intermittent. In isolatedcases where prolonged and excessive exposures are expected or where ceramic fibre material
is being used some monitoring may be necessary to establish the effectiveness of control
procedures or to determine the degree of respiratory protection required. Any monitoring shall
only be conducted after consultation with a trained occupational hygienist.
4.9.1 Medical Surveillance
No specific measures for routine health surveillance are recommended.
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Appendix 1 - Exposure Souces and Concentrations
Exposure to appreciable levels of airborne asbestos fibres may be expected in any activity which
generates loose dry fibre and the following activities give particular cause for concern:
Table 1 on the following page gives examples of typical exposure levels for various activities.
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Module 34 - Asbestos
THE BRUNEI SHELL COMPANIES
April 2000
HSE StandardPage 17 of 23
Table 1 - Measured Concentrations of Asbestos Fibres
Expected levels of asbestos fibre concentrations for various activities are shown in the table below.
They are only an indication due to the variability of work situations, conditions of use and friabilityof asbestos products.
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Module 34 - Asbestos
HSE Standard THE BRUNEI SHELL COMPANIESApril 2000Page 18 of 23
Appendix 2 - Control of Exposure to Asbestos Fibres
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Module 34 - Asbestos
THE BRUNEI SHELL COMPANIES
April 2000
HSE StandardPage 19 of 23
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Module 34 - Asbestos
HSE Standard THE BRUNEI SHELL COMPANIESApril 2000Page 20 of 23
Table 2 - Respiratory Protection Devices and Nominal Protection Factors (NPFs)
7
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Module 34 - Asbestos
THE BRUNEI SHELL COMPANIES
April 2000
HSE StandardPage 21 of 23
Appendix 3 - Some Current Tradenames for MMMFs
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Module 34 - Asbestos
HSE Standard THE BRUNEI SHELL COMPANIESApril 2000Page 22 of 23
Appendix 4 - Typical Exposure Levels
Exposures to respirable airborne fibreglass or rockwool fibres in user industries rarely exceeds 1 f/
ml (TWA) for all applications and is typically less than 0.1 f/ml. Slightly higher levels can be expected
in the handling of ceramic fibre material. This is because ceramic fibre based materials are composed
largely of respirable size.
Note:
Fibre levels in buildings (including construction sites) where all types of MMMF have been installed
are less than 0.01 f/ml and typically 0.001 to 0.00001 f/ml.
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Module 34 - Asbestos
THE BRUNEI SHELL COMPANIES
April 2000
HSE StandardPage 23 of 23
Appendix 5 - References
UK Health and Safety Executive Guidance Notes
EH 10 Asbestos - exposure limits and airborne dust concentrations
EH 36 Work with asbestos cement
EH 37 Work with asbestos insulating board
EH 50 Training operatives and supervisors for work with asbestos insulation and coatings
EH 51 Enclosures provided for work with asbestos insulation, coatings and insulation board
EH 52 Removal techniques and associated waste handling for asbestos insulation, coatings
and insulation board
L 27 Control of asbestos at work regulations 1987 - approved code of practice
SIPM
& Recommendations for the Safe Handling of Asbestos and Materials containing Asbestos
Man-Made Meniral Fibres, 1988, SHELL SAFETY COMMITTEE
BSP HSE Standard Modules
& 02 - Personal Protective Equipment
& 03 - Permit to Work Procedure
& 28 - Safety Signs and Colour Codes
& 40 - Occupational Health
& 51 - Waste Handling Procedure
BSP and BLNG Procedures
EPM Contract Specification 15.01 A (Rev.1) Disposal of Asbestos Roof Sheeting
BLNG LEN-600-W105 Safe Handling, Storage and Disposal of Asbestos containing materials.
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DOCUMENT CHANGE PROPOSAL FORM
This form provides a tool for the Line to propose changes. It is to be sent to the Document Owner for action/response and copied to HSE.
Affected Document
Document Title:
Document ref: TMS Revision No: Dated:
Document Owner: Name:
Please consider the following issue(s) for the next edition:
1
Reason for Change Proposal (Please mark the appropriate box) Urgency
Typographical error Technically incorrect Cheaper Urgent
Omission More appropriate Other Routine
From:
Name: ..................................................................... Date: ..............................
Contact address/ind: .............................................. Phone: ...........................
Response: The change proposal is
Accepted Rejected because: Requires further work: