Post on 24-Feb-2018
Petrol Vapour Recovery
Stage I (94/63/EC) &Stage I (94/63/EC) &Stage II (2009/126/EC)
European Commission, DG Environment
Air & Industrial Emissions Unit
15 September 20141
To cover:
A. Why the directives exist
B. PVR Stage I (94/63/EC)– main requirementsB. PVR Stage I (94/63/EC)– main requirements
C. PVR Stage II (2009/126/EC) - main requirements
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A. PVR – the physics
PetrolPetrol vapourvapour
3
Liquid petrolLiquid petrol
Petrol vapourPetrol vapour
Liquid petrolLiquid petrol
PetrolPetrol vapourvapour
Liquid petrol is a mix of hydrocarbons which evaporate readily
A. The issue in context
Environmental problems:
• Petrol contains benzene (a carcinogen). Concentrations of benzene in air in the vicinity of service stations can exceed EC air quality standards.quality standards.
• Volatile organic compounds (VOC) in petrol contribute to the formation of ground level ozone and photochemical smog. Air quality targets for ozone are widely exceeded.
Estimated figures for Europe:
• 200 billion litres of petrol are sold annually from petrol stations
• 200 billion litres of petrol vapour are emitted• 100,000 petrol service stations
Overall aim = Reduce loss of petrol (VOC) from petrol storage & distribution 4
B. PVR Stage I – petrol storage & loading at terminals
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Petrol Tanker
Service Station
B. PVR Stage I – delivery to service stations
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Underground
Storage Tank
liquid
petrol
vapour petrol
B. PVR Stage I – main requirements
Aim: reduce petrol vapour emissions from petrol storage at terminals & its distribution
to service stations
Application: complicated as depends on age (new / existing), throughput
Main requirements & checks:Main requirements & checks:
• Storage at terminals – Article 3 & Annex 1 (reflective coatings, floating roofs with
seals or fixed roof & vapour recovery)
• Loading & unloading of mobile containers at terminals (Article 4)
o Annex II – displaced vapour to be recovered or incinerated
o Annex IV – bottom loading of road tankers
• Mobile containers (road/rail tankers, ships) – Article 5
• Unloading at service station –– displaced vapours back to mobile container (Article
6, Annex III)
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C. PVR Stage II - schematic
Petrol dispenserPetrol dispenser
FuelFuel
tanktankPetrol Petrol
vapourvapour
Liquid petrolLiquid petrol
VentVent
C. PVR Stage II –vapour return option
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UndergroundUnderground
petrol storage tankpetrol storage tank
Petrol liquid Petrol liquid
pumppump
Liquid Petrol
Liquid Petrol
Optimal performance when
volume of petrol = volume of
vapour
C. PVR Stage II – vapour recovery option
Vapour is cooled and recycled to the dispenser for reVapour is cooled and recycled to the dispenser for re--salesale
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C. PVR Stage II – vapour capture
Petrol delivered by the inner (longer) tube and vapour Petrol delivered by the inner (longer) tube and vapour
returned via the outer (shorter) tubereturned via the outer (shorter) tube
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Liquid Liquid
petrolpetrol
VapourVapour
C. PVR Stage II - main requirements
Aim: decrease petrol vapour emissions to air during vehicle refuelling at service stations
Applies to:
• new service stations (& major refurbishments) if throughput >500 m3/year; or >100
m3/year when under living / working areas
• existing service stations if throughput >3000 m3/year
Requirements: apply Stage II vapour recovery to displaced air from fuel by:
a) Transfer petrol vapour to underground storage tank, or
b) Vapour cooled (condensed) and returned to the dispenser (for resale)
Minimum performance:
• petrol vapour capture efficiency > 85% (CEN standard being developed)
• vapour / patrol ratio = 0.96 - 1.05 (if use option 'a')
Performance checks – 1 per year or every 3 years (if automatic fault detection)
Customer information – sign or sticker where installed11
C. PVR Stage II - Review
Review (by 31/12/2014) of general implementation with a focus on:
• lower threshold (100 m3/year);
• compliance record of PVR II systems; • compliance record of PVR II systems;
• need for automatic monitoring
• Also consider approach in USA:
• PVR II considered an interim solution (phase out by 2013)
• Move towards 'Onboard Refuelling Vapour Recovery' = carbon filter.
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We have covered:
A. Why the directives exist
B. PVR Stage I (94/63/EC)– main requirementsB. PVR Stage I (94/63/EC)– main requirements
C. PVR Stage II (2009/126/EC) - main requirements
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