Post on 07-Apr-2018
8/3/2019 Personality BM
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Personality
Discover the Real You!
8/3/2019 Personality BM
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“Characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.”
Four major perspectives on Personality
Psychoanalytic - unconscious motivations
Trait - specific dimensions of personality
Humanistic - inner capacity for growth
Social-Cognitive - influence of environment
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Psychoanalytic Perspective “firstcomprehensive theory of personality”
Unconscious
the mind is like an iceberg - mostly hidden”
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The Unconscious
Conscious Awareness small part above surface
(Preconscious)
Repressionbanishing unacceptablethoughts & passions to
unconsciousDreams & Slips
Unconscious
below the surface(thoughts, feelings,wishes, memories)
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Freud & Personality Structure
“Personality arises from conflict twixt aggressive,pleasure-seeking impulsesand social restraints”
EgoSuperEgo
Id
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Freud & Personality Structure
Id - energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives Pleasure Principle
Ego - seeks to gratify the Id in realistic ways Reality Principle
Super Ego- voice of conscience that focuses on how we ought to behave
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Freud & Personality Development
personality forms during the first few years of life,rooted in unresolvedconflicts of early childhood”
Psychosexual Stages
Oral (0-18 months) - centered on the mouth
Anal (18-36 months) - focus on bowel/bladder
Phallic (3-6 yrs) - focus on genitals/“Oedipus Complex”(Identification &Gender Identity)
Latency (6-puberty) - sexuality is dormant
Genital (puberty on) - sexual feelings toward others
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Defense Mechanisms
Id
SuperEgo
Ego
When the inner wargets out of hand, the
result is Anxiety
Ego protects itself viaDefense Mechanisms
Defense Mechanisms reduce/redirect anxiety by distorting reality
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Defense Mechanisms
• Repression - banishes certain thoughts/feelings from consciousness(underlies all other defense mechanisms)
• Regression - retreating to earlier stage of fixated development
• Reaction Formation - ego makes unacceptable impulses appear astheir opposites
• Projection - attributes threatening impulses to others
• Rationalization - generate self-justifying explanations to hide the realreasons for our actions
• Displacement - divert impulses toward a more acceptable object
• Sublimation - transform unacceptable impulse into something sociallyvalued
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Trait Perspective
No hidden personality dynamics just basic personality dimensions
Traits - people’s characteristic behaviors & conscious motives
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - classify people based upon responses to126 questions
Extraversion/Introversion
Emotional Stability/Instability
Expanded set of factors
“The Big 5”
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The Big Five
Introversion Calm/AnxiousSecure/Insecure
Extraversion Sociable/RetiringFun Loving/Sober
Openness Imaginative/PracticalIndependent/Conforming
Agreeableness Soft-Hearted/Ruthless
Trusting/Suspicious
Conscientiousness Organized/DisorganizedCareful/Careless
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Personalities
• Type A Personality – oriented toward extreme achievement, impatience, and
perfectionism.
Type A Personality Indicators
Always moving, walking, and eating rapidly
Impatient, disliking waiting Doing or trying to do several things at once Feeling guilty when relaxing
Trying to schedule more in less time Using nervous gestures such as clenched fists Hurrying or interrupting the speech of others
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Perceptions
– the process through which people receive and interpretinformation from the environment.
• Perception sometimes causes attribution errors as we explain
events and problems.
• Impression management is a way of influencing how othersperceive us.
EMOTIONAL HONESTY
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Construct your STORY…
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The Humanistic Perspective
Maslow and Rogers
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Maslow & Self-Actualization
Self-Actualization
the process of fulfilling ourpotential
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Roger’s Person-Centered Perspective
People are basically good with actualizing tendencies
Given the right environmental conditions, we will developto our full potentials
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Social-Cognitive Perspective
Behavior learned through conditioning & observation
What we think about our situation affects our behavior
Interaction of Environment & Intellect
Personal/ Cognitive
Factors
Environment
FactorsBehavior
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Personal Control
Internal Locus of Control
You pretty much control your own destiny
External Locus of Control
Luck, fate and/or powerful others control your destiny
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Thank YOU!