Periodic Table of the Elements1

2

Groups43 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

18

131

2Groups

3

4

5

6

7

Actinides

Lanthanides

PeriodsPeriods

Oxidation States (Charges)+1

+2 +3 ±4 -3 -2 -1

0

Not Predictable

Notes:

The Oxidation State tells us what an atom will do in order to fill its valence electron level.

Ex. +1 means that an atom will LOSE 1 electron in order to be Happy. -3 means that an element will GAIN 3 electrons to be happy.

Reactions Between Groups:

When elements react they like to balance out (+1 will react with -1 etc..). 0 charge means that elements in Group 18 DO NOT LIKE TO REACT!!!!!

Group Names of Periodic Table

Noble Gases

Halogens/Halides

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

1

2 17

18

Metals:Elements that are shiny

and conduct heat and electricity well,

Metalloids:Elements that haveproperties similar

to metals and nonmetals

Nonmetals:Elements that are dull,

brittle, or Gases. Donot conduct heat or

electricity well.

Types of Elements

The Stairstep: Represents the

dividing line between Metals and Nonmetals.

The Stairstep: Represents the

dividing line between Metals and Nonmetals.

Similar Chemical Characteristics Notes:

Whenever they ask, “which element has

similar characteristics,” you will look for the element that is in the

SAME GROUP!

Periodic Table Box Info.

14

Si28.086

Silicon

Atomic Number

Name

Atomic Mass

Symbol

Atomic number is also PROTON number.

TAKS will also use it as ELECTRON number

Each Element has its own unique symbol. A

capital letter always starts a new element.

Law of Conservation of MassRule #1: Balancing Equations

All elements must have the same number in the reactants and products.

Rule #2: Mass of Products MUST Equal Mass of ReactantsWhen the mass of the reactants is added up, it must be equal to the mass of the products added up.

Example

2Na + 1Cl2 2NaCl

28g Na react with 30g Cl2 to produce

____g NaCl.

Rule #12Na 2Na2Cl2Cl

Reactants Products

Rule #228g + =30g 58g

58

166

63

Balancing EquationsMethod One: Balance and find the answer

(PO4)

(C2H3O2)

Ca

K

Reactants Products

1 33

1

2

1

2

3

3 x

3 xX

Xx 6

x 6

6

X

O

2

2 x

2 x 6

2

1

Balancing EquationsMethod Two: Eliminate

2 2 1

Reactants Products

C

O

2 1

X

1 1 1 1 11 2

3

2

X

2 1 2 2 2 2

2

4

4

Density

D=ass

olume

Density of Three Liquids

50g50ml

Density= ____g/ml

150g100ml

Density= ____g/ml

30g25ml

Density= ____g/ml

If we pour these three liquids together, where will they be?

Top:

Middle:

Bottom:

1.0 1.5 1.2

Least Dense

Most Dense

High Viscosity Low Viscosity

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s ability to flow. Do not confuse it with Density.

Viscosity

Physical vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change – A change that does not result in a new chemical.

Chemical Change – A change that does result in a new chemical.

What type of change is this?

ChemicalPhysical

Answers to worksheet

1.

2. 3.

Physical

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

10. 9.

11.

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

20. 19.

21.

23. 22.

PhysicalPhysical

Physical

PhysicalPhysical

Physical

Physical

PhysicalPhysicalPhysical

PhysicalPhysical

PhysicalChemical

Chemical

ChemicalChemical

Chemical

Chemical

Chemical

ChemicalChemical

Physical Chemical

Freezesshatteredmixboilmeltingdissolvingevaporatingheatingerosion

thermal expansion

bakedignitedcorrodingripenrustingdecompositiontarnishingAcid rainChemical

reaction

HH

O

El Oso Polar MuertoThe Molecular arrangement of a water molecule

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Positive charge near Hydrogens

Negative charge near Oxygen

Water is special…

1. The density of water is __________g/ml

2. When water freezes, its density __________________. This allows aquatic life

to __________________ in a frozen lake.

3. Water is unique because of its ________________________________

4. Water can dissolve many substances because it is ________________________

5. Water has a very high specific heat. Water will heat up ___________ and cool

down ____________ compared to other substances.

1.00

decreases

Survive

Molecular Arrangement

Polar

slowly

slowly

SolubilitySolubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve. Three factors affect solubility.1.Surface area- The more surface area a solute has

the faster it will dissolve. Sugar cube dissolves slowly while powdered sugar will dissolve quickly.

2.Agitation- Solids: The more you agitate (stir or shake) a solution, the quicker the solute will dissolve. Gases: More shake, less dissolve.

3.Temperature- Solids: The higher the temperature of solvent, the more the solute will dissolve. Gases: More temperature, less dissolve.

Acids and BasesThe pH Scale

1 147

A Bcid aseNeutral

Turns Litmus RED Turns Litmus BLUE

GETS STRONGER GETS STRONGER

When an Acid Reacts with a Base, they NEUTRALIZE each other.

Ionic Compound FormationNa+1 O-2

Na O2 1

1 is understood so drop it.

Ionic Compound FormationAl+3 SO4

-2

Al SO42 3Since we need 3 SO4’s we add parentheses around SO4 and put the 3 outside.

(SO4)