Post on 05-Apr-2018
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Learning Transfer
Efficiency & ability to apply the existing
experience, knowledge or skill, to new learning
process.
Process of conceptualization, generalization &
proactive inhibition are the old learning process
which influences the new learning process.
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Occur daily, especially in school.
Example,
- Maths skill used to learn Science.
- Language skill used to write
letter & essey.
It is a life-long process. (Career,
social life)
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Types of Learning Transfer
Positive learning transfer
Bilateral transfer
Mediated transfer
Learning set transfer
Negative learning transfer
Zero transfer
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Positive Learning Transfer
Lateral transferthe application or
acquired experience to another
same situation with same level of
difficulty.
Example, characteristic of air
(Science) can be used to explain
phenomenon of weather(Geography).
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Vertical transferincrease in experience
which has been attained to a higherlevel, so that learning process can be
upgraded further.
Example, students should learn the skillsof plusminusmultiply divide
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Bilateral transfer
Also is cross-training, learning transfer
in skill and training such as physical
education.
Training of right hand can increase
the skill of left hand. Same as leg.
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A - Use right leg try to kick the target 50 times (20 times)- Use left leg try to kick the target 200 times (100 times)
- Use right leg try to kick the target 50 times (40 times)
B - Use right leg try to kick the target 50 times (20 times)
- Rest about 30 minutes
- Use right leg try to kick the target 50 times (30 times)
Conclusion, training by using left leg can enhance the skillright leg.
Example, Taekwondo testing
Taekwondo expert
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Mediated Transfer
When an individual, who has learneda certain fixed respond from theexternal stimuli, used the respond asa medium to form a new response
under the same category of previousstimuli.
Example, drawing of human parts
(drawing class) help to learn thename of human parts (science).
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Learning Set Transfer
Achieved through the experiences
acquired from a number of learning with
the same category.
Example, learn to use bicycle. Fall down
and ride again until success.
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Negative Learning Transfer
The old learning that interferes the newlearning and vice versa.
Proactive inhibitionthe previous learninginterferes the following learning process.
Example, learning of Physic will interferes
the following chemistry learning. (confuse
of concept)
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Retroactive inhibitionsubsequent newlearning interferes previous learning.
Example, learning of Mandarin languagemay cause students forgot the structure of
English language.
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Habitual inhibitionold habit interferes the
formation of new habit.
Example, a student always study in silentsituation. If the situation is noisy, his surely
cannot concentrate.
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Zero Transfer
Same as no learning transfer.
A certain new learning situation base
on old learning, where learning result iszero.
Example, you dont know to swim. You
see others swim. You cannot jump toswimming pool. See the skill of swim ucan swim.
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Principles of Learning Transfer
Principle of identical elementsThe
transfer of learning occur when both of
the learning's contain same elements
Example, Physic and Add. Maths
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Principle of sufficient basic trainingthe
more basic exercises held in the earlyperiod of learning, the more likely that
learning will take place.
Example, swimming .
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Principle of stimuli diversificationif
there are more diversified trainingduring the early learning period, its
more likely that learning transfer will
occur in the new learning.
Example, learning of BM & BI help
students to learn Science & Maths
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Principle of insightlearning transfer is
likely to occur with the use of insight andrepeated training.
Example, good in Maths (strong in basic)
help in Add. Maths, Physic, Business.
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Principle of learning setlearning set
acquired from a set of learning
experiences, will facilitate learning transfer
for the new learning.
Example, English help to master Scienceand Maths subject
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Theories of Learning Transfer
Identical elements theory: Thorndike
- learning transfer effective if old & new
learning have similar elements
- for example, Math & Physic
- important principles used for planning of
KBSR and KBSM
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Generalization Theory
Principles that acquired through
experiences is the main factor that
facilitates learning transfer.
Example, know the characteristic of dog.You wont get close to strange dog. But
kids may do.
Closely related to deduction
method/induction method, used to formprinciples and facilitate learning transfer.
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Transposition Theory
Emphasized the overall characteristics inhuman behavior/experience.
Also is Relationship Theory.
All element must organized to form an overallpattern. Not like Identical Elements Theorylook on similar element.
But, both theory contain spirit of cooperation &synthesis technique to defeat the opponentThe playing field is like a battle field Players& soldiers
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Strategy & Principle to Facilitate Positive LearningTransfer in Teaching-Learning Activities
The learning content should divided into stages based onthe principles from old learning to new learning of new skillor concept:
old skill -> new skill
acquired generalization -> formation of
new
generalization
basic materials -> new materials
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Other Strategies & Principles
Announce learning objectives before
lessons
- if pupils are informed with learning
objective, they may ready for what tolearn and how to prepare for exam
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Emphasis on acquiring concept and instillthinking skill
- Concept learning is a simple horizontal
learning transfer.
- Inquiry-discovery method provide
opportunity to observe, find ascertain,
think, analyze, interpret and finallydiscover concepts, principles, theorems,
or laws.
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Cumulative experiences & systematicorganization
- Experiences must well arranged: from
basic to more complex.
- Example, teach operation in addition ->
subtraction, multiplication, division- Also consider relationship between
subject for effective learning
- Example, concept in Maths -> concept inPhysic
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Teach concept with suitable examples
- Teaching & learning activities with
examples help student to know more the
concepts & principles taught.
- Example, teaching momentum concept
required available experiment.
- Concepts are abstract, concrete
examples are better for students.