PARASITOLOGY

Prepared by : Reem Aldossari

The Protozoa are the simplest and most primitive animals. They live either singly or in colonies. Some are parasitic. They are usually defined as "unicell ular" animals.

General characteristics

Amoeba•Habitat: freshwater ponds.

•Means of locomotion: pseudopodia.

•Reproduction mechanism: asexually by binary fission, and under unfavourable conditions it encysts.

• Shape and characteristics: quite irregular in shape; the body changes its shape constantly with the formation and withdrawal of the pseudopodia.

Kingdom :ProtistaPhylum: SarcomastigophoraSubphylum: SarcodinaGenus : AmoebaSpecies :Amoeba

nucleus

Contractile vacuoleFood vacuoles

Ectoplasm

pseudopodia Endoplasm

•Entamoeba histolytica: causes amoebic dysentery. Life cycle: •The trophozoite: feeding-dividing form) It has one pseudopodia).•Cyst: have 4 nuclei (infective stages(•Infective stage: Cyst. •Mode of infection: contamination of food and water with cyst.•Characteristic features: Cyst have 4 nuclei. Trophozoite have RBCs in their vacuoles.

Kingdom :Protista Phylum: SarcomastigophoraSubphylum: Sarcodina Genus: Endamoeba Species: Endamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba histolytica

•Endamoeba coli: does not cause any known disease•Habitat: large intestine of human .•Characteristics: mature cysts have 8 nuclei

Entamoeba coli Kingdom :Protista Phylum: SarcomastigophoraSubphylum: Sarcodina Genus: Endamoeba Species: Endamoeba coli

Kingdom :Protista Phylum : SarcomastigophoraSubphylum : MastigophoraClass : PhytomastigophoraGenus : Euglena

•Habitat: ponds and stagnant water.

•Characteristics: Green in colour (have chloroplasts)

•Means of locomotion: flagellum

•Repro duction: asexually by long itudinal binary fission and is able to form a cyst.

Euglena

Flagellum

Eyespot

Nucleus

Chloroplast

Second flagellum

Kingdom : ProtistaPhylum: CiliophoraGenus: Paramecium

Means of locomotion: cilia Habitat: freshwater

ponds where decaying organic matter is abundant, feeding on it and on bacteria and other micro-organisms. Reproduction:

asexually by transverse binary fission, and sexually by conjugation .Characteristics: the

numerous cilia covering the whole surface of the body. They have two contractile vacuoles and two nuclei: a large oval macro nucleus (for vegetative functions), and a small micronucleus (for reproduc tion).

Paramecium

Kingdom : Protista Phylum: SarcomastigophoraSubphylum: MastigophoraClass: ZoomastigophoraGenus: TrypanosomaSpecies: gambiense Trypanosoma gambiense

Intermediate host: insect or leech Habitat in intermediate host: alimentary canal Definite host: human. Habitat in definite host: blood of manCauses the disease: sleeping sickness.Means of locomotion: flagellum.Feeding habits: absorbing the nutrient subs tances from the host.Reproduction: reproduce asexually by longitudinal binary fission. Major characteristics: long slender, undulating a whip-like flagellum.

Trypanosoma

Kingdom: Protista Phylum: Apicomplexa Class: SporozoaGenus: plasmodiumSpecies: Plasmodium malaria

Trophozoite: habitat: live intracellu larly in the blood corpuscles of its vertebrate host. Causes the disease: malaria fever to man. Vector: a mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles.

Plasmodium malariae

•Ring stage•Trophozoite•Merzoites stage•Release of merozoites

Life cycle:

Trophzoite stage

Release of merozoites

Ring stage

Macrogametocyte

Microgametocyte

Formation of Merozoites

Under The microscope

( Amoeba)األميبا Nucleusنواة- 1كاذبة- 2 Pseudopodiaأرجلغذائية- 3 Food vacuoleفجوة

3

1

2

3

21

كوالي انتاميبا Entamoeba coli حوصلةالحويصلة- 1 Cyst Wallجدار

Nuclei 8-4أنوية( 4-8- )2

Cytoplasmسيتوبالزم- 3

32

1

هستوليتكا انتاميبا Entamoeba histolytica حوصلةالحويصلة- 1 Cyst Wallجدار

Nuclei 4-1أنوية( 1-4- )2

Cytoplasmسيتوبالزم- 3اعدادT األستاذة/ أفراح الخريجي

( Euglena)اليوجلينا Flagellumالسوط- 1

متقبضة- 2 Contractile vacuoleفجوة

Nucleusنواة- 3

1

2

3

(Trypanosoma)التريبانوسوما حمراء- 1 دم Red blood cellكريات

Flagellumالسوط- 2

متموج- 3 Undulating membraneغشاء

Nucleusنواة- 4

432

1

Plasmodiumالبالزموديوم الحلقي- 1 Ring Stageالطورحمراء- 2 دم Red blood cellكريات

2

1

Plasmodiumالبالزموديوم األميبي- 1 Amoeboid stageالطور

حمراء- 2 دم Red blood cellكريات

2

1

2

1

Plasmodiumالبالزموديوم 1 ) ( الميروزيتات- تكوين Schizonte(formation ofالشيزونت

merozoites)

حمراء- 2 دم Red blood cellكريات

2

1

Plasmodiumالبالزموديوم الميروزيتات- 1 Release of merozoitesإنطالقحمراء- 2 دم Red blood cellكريات

2

1

3

4

(Paramecium)البراميسيوم Ciliaأهداب- 1

كبيرة- 2 macronucleusنواة

صغيرة- 3 micronucleusنواة

متقبضة- 4 Contractile vacuoleفجوة

4

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