Post on 07-Jul-2015
description
Paleo Continental Margins Basic Familiarization
I expect that the lecture will be helpful for students to start thinking about the global source-reservoir architecture and paleo-environments.
By,
Farrukh Qayyum
Geoscientist
A 3D Perspective View
A Continental Margin
COAST
OFFSHORE
BASIN/DEEP OCEAN
A Continental Margin
SEA WATERContinental Shelf
Continental Slope
Continental Rise
Abyssal Plain
Trench
Volcanic Ridge
Submarine Ridges
(Seamounts)
Typical Elements of a Continental Margin
200-400m
2-3Km4-6Km
10.0Km
GREEN LAND
Abyssal Plain
Ocea
nic R
idge
sAb
yssa
l Pla
in
Sea Mounts
Oceanic Giants
Sea Mounts
Oceanic Giants
Submerged Volcanic Eruption
Under deep ocean
Mostly they don’t form island because they never appear close to the sunlight or water surface.
Ocean floor
Water
Mantle
volcano
OCEANIC TRENCH
Google Earth Image
Marianas Trench
11.0Km deep in ocean
INDIAN OCEAN
Island Arcs and Volcanic Ridges
Through out the history of Earth, the continental margins are being modified because of COLLISION which means that I am talking about the motion of objects i.e. continents are moving…
The land masses that we see today, they were not the same in the ancient times (in million years).
Often new continents are evolved and often old continents are either completely or partially vanished from the earth’s upper surface.
….
Continents were moving?
South America
Africa
Continents were moving?
Paleo Depositional Environments
On a continental scale
Cold
Temperate
Hot - Arid
Temperate
Cold
Hot & Cold Environments on the blue Planet Earth
46 0C-80 0C 00C
Warm - deserts
Tropical
Cold
Hot & Cold Environments on the blue Planet Earth
Pakistan Offshore
PAKISTAN
Continental Environment
Marine Environment
Fluvial Environment
(Stream-River dominated)
Aeolian Environment
(Wind dominated)
Deltaic Environment
(River Dominated)
Earth – The Ice House
Glaciated Regions – Glacial Environments
Today200Ma600Ma 400Ma
Let’s take a look into the PAST
Special focus INDIAN PLATE (Geology of India-Pakistan)
Ma – Million Years
Today200Ma600Ma 400Ma
Let’s take a look into the PAST
This tells me that India should have Temperate – Moderate Warm Climate at that time. But it is 650Ma ago. The Pre- Cambrian Temperature history wasn’t that I see today.