Post on 06-Apr-2018
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PAINT AND DECORATING
Aishah Shahira MuhamadNaser
Nur Afiqah MohdBashir
Anim Amira MdTohid
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INTRODUCTION
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WHAT IS PAINT ?
Paints are surface coatings generally suitable for site
use, marketed in liquid form. They help in adding
different shades and characters to the wall of
indoors and outdoors of a building.
Painting constitutes a small faction of the initial cost
of a building and much higher proportion of the
maintenance cost.
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They may be used for one or more of thefollowing purposes :
To protect the underlaying surface by exclusionof the atmosphere, moisture, chemicals, fungiand insects.
To provide a decorative, easily maintainedsurface.
To provide light and heat reflectingproperties.
To give special effects , for example , inhibitivepaints of protection of metals , electricallyconductive paints as a source of heat ,condentsation resistant paints.
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PROPERTIES
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Stain resistance :
y measures how easily material of paint can
withstand stain and can be removed fromthe paint. If the stain penetrates into the
paint, it can be very hard to remove.
Corrosion resistance :
y measures how the type of paint can
withstand the corrode from destroying the
appearance of the paint. The material usedin paint decides if the paint can withstand
the corrosion.
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Scrub resistance :
y measures how tough a paint is and how
much washing it can withstand.
Gloss :
y measure of how shiny a paint is. A glossypaint is very smooth and light reflects off
it as it would off a piece of clear glass. And
it really makes a good appearance of wall.
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Flow and viscosity :
y is the internal resistance to flow
exhibited by a fluid. A liquid with a high
viscosity (like maple syrup) flows slowly.
It have the same characteristics with
flow of the paint.
Weatherability :y is the resistance of the paint to the
damaging effects of weather, such as sun
(light), rain, heat, cold, and dirt.
Sometimes if the paint is not strongenough to resist these effects, it may
cause cracking on the surface of the
paint.
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COMPONENTS
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PIGMENTS : The use of pigments in the paints is to provide
color opacity and flow. It is found out thattitanium oxide as a pigment in most of the color
paints as it is white.
The properties of the paint maybe modified to a
large extend by the pigment. Pigments are find insoluble crystalline particles which give colour-
hiding ability and body to the paint.
They maybe organic, inorganic, natural or
synthetic.
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BINDERS :
Binders are used there as a film forming
component. It has adhesive properties and great
influence over the other properties like gloss,
exterior durability, flexibility and toughness.
Binders can be split in two categories, one is
drying and other one are curing. It binds the
ingredients (holds everything together), forms
the film and also known as the non-volatile
vehicle.
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SOLVENTS :
The purpose of using solvents in paint is to
control the viscosity. Solvents are not the main
component of the paint film, they are just
volatiles. Mostly, water is used as a solvent
disposal in the water based paints. Oils, alcohols
are the other liquids which are generally used in
them as solvents. There are many other
components which are used widely apart from
these three main components. The otheringredients are used to improve qualities like
antifreeze, foam control, wet edge and pigment
stability.
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EXTENDERS :
Extenders are used to improve some of the
properties of the paint, although they have little
or no pigmentary value. They can, for instant, be
used to control the amount of gloss. Materials
used as extenders do not affect the colour because
their refractive index is very closed to that of the
medium. Extender particles are much larger than
pigment particle.
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DRIERS :
Driers are added to oil-bound paints. These are
usually oxides which will give out oxygen and
thereby increased the rate of oxidation of the
binder and thus the rate of drying. The rate of
drying can also be increased by using blown
linseed-oil which has had air blown through it.
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TYPESOF
PAINT
Latex/WaterBased
Alkyd/OilBased
Primer flat paint
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Known as undercoat paint
provide the surface for the finish coats of
paint or clear finishes
seal the surface off and provide a "tooth"
for the finish paint
also used block out stains like water
stains, crayon and smoke insure longer lasting paint to stay on the
surface creating the "wear layer"
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Applies smoothly and wears well in bothinterior and exterior use
Versatility and easy to clean up
Does not require thinners or solventsFaster drying time
Has less of an odour than other paints, such asoil-based paint
Non-flammableMore environmentally friendly than other
paint types
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Also known as oil-based paint
Suitable used at the high traffic area and
outdoor which very expose to weather
Looking better when dry
Strong odour noticeable in buildings that
have been freshly painted.
A harder material and holds to thesurface better
Requires thinners and solvents to clean
up
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Also known as matte paint
Paint which dries to a minimally reflective finish
Adheres readily, taking to rough surfaces veryeasily.
Much harder to clean than glossier paints
Tends to hide and minimize rough surfaces
Definitely needs to be avoided in high traffic areaslike kitchens
Suitable for indoor work
normally used for ceilings and walls that haveimperfections
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PAINT SYSTEM
Pre-paint StageSurface Preparation
Paint StageCoating Application
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SURFACE PREPARATION
Surface preparation involves the removal of
old paint, oil, scale, or rust before painting or
coating application.
Methods include:y Abrasive Cleaning
y Detergent Cleaning
y Emulsion Cleaning
y Solvent Cleaning
y SteamCleaning
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COATINGAPPLICATIONPreparation of the surface to receive paint
and the application of the paint in theproper manner to the specified thickness.
This application can be applied with abrush, roller or sprayer.
Firstly, the surface to bepainted must be clean, dry,and free of old loose paint.
Firstly, the surface to bepainted must be clean, dry,and free of old loose paint.
The paint should be stirredbefore it is usedThe paint should be stirredbefore it is used
Painting should proceed fromtop to bottom and from large
areas to trim.
Painting should proceed fromtop to bottom and from large
areas to trim.
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BRUSHB
rush painting method is applied for small texturedpainting works.
Brush painting is mostly used for whitewash or commonpainting.Clean the surface,
brush andcontainer, usedfor keeping the
paint duringapplication.
Clean the surface,
brush andcontainer, usedfor keeping the
paint duringapplication.
Apply paint onlyafter contents of
paint in drum aremixed
thoroughly.
Apply paint onlyafter contents of
paint in drum aremixed
thoroughly.
Apply the paint
with brush first byusing vertical
strokes until thesurface is fully
covered.
Apply the paint
with brush first byusing vertical
strokes until thesurface is fully
covered.
Apply brushpainting across
with light strokes tosmooth laps andbrush marks for
complete coverage.
Apply brushpainting across
with light strokes tosmooth laps andbrush marks for
complete coverage.
Lay off withvertical strokes
finally.
Lay off withvertical strokes
finally.
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ROLLER After surface preparation Roller Painting should be
done by skilled painter. If unskilled painter is deputedon job, painting work may result in patchy andinconsistent work.
Its done as follows:
Clean surface,
roller andcontainer before
starting thepainting work.
Clean surface,
roller andcontainer before
starting thepainting work.
Mix contents ofthe paint
thoroughly beforeapplication.
Mix contents ofthe paint
thoroughly beforeapplication.
Dip roller inmixed paint andrun it from top to
bottom.
Dip roller inmixed paint andrun it from top to
bottom.
Again dip roller andrun it adjacent tothe above applied
area from bottom totop.
Again dip roller andrun it adjacent tothe above applied
area from bottom totop.
Run roller withoutdipping it in painthorizontally and
vertically on appliedpaint coat to spread it
uniformly.
Run roller withoutdipping it in painthorizontally and
vertically on appliedpaint coat to spread it
uniformly.
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SPRAYERSpray painting is specially done in textured painting of
ceiling.
Spray painting is easy method and takes less time than
rolling painting do.
This painting is done through spray machine as follows.
Clean thesurface, spraymachine and
container before
starting paintingwork.
Mix contents ofpaint beforeapplying the
paint.
Add contents ofpaint before
application of
paint.
Do spray paintingonly when dry
condition
prevails.
Hold spray gunperpendicular tothe surface and
move the gun oversurface in a uniform
sweeping motionwhile spraying.
Try different airpressure and fan
adjustment toachieve bestapplication.
Dont keep airpressure highotherwise the
paint will fog upand be wasted.
Take care ifadequate
ventilation isprovided to
disperse sprayfume.
Protect floorsfrom spray
fumes.
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SELECTION OF PAINTThere are some various factors in selecting
paint which are:
y Project Conditions
y Considering the Material
y Final Finish
y Oil-Base vs. Water-Base
y Adhesion
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PROJECT CONDITIONS
Understand the components of paint, consider theconditions in which the project or painted item will
exist. Example: wheather (cold or hot, damp or dry,
windy or calm)
Considering theMaterial If the surface is very porous, more paint will be
needed.
Sometimes special primers can be used to reduce theamount of paint necessary to provide complete
coverage.
Example: very soft woods and concrete vs. hardwoods
or metals
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FINAL FINISH
Determine the kind of finish you want on the final product.
Finishes range from flat to high gloss, with additional finish
levels in between. As result, its look beautiful and glossy
surface.
Adhesi
on
Paint is no good if it doesn't stick and maintain a uniform
appearance.
The binder gives paint its sticking power. It also dries
into a protective finish. In water-based paints, the binder is usually a plastic,
either acrylic, vinyl or a combination of both.
The binder in oil-base paints is either a natural oil or a
synthetic resin (alkyd).
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OIL-BASE VS. WATER-
BASE
An oil-base coat takes longer to dry than latex, but
some painters prefer it for this very reason.
The longer the drying time, the better the paint will
flatten out to hide brush marks. The odor is strong, but for durability oil base is hard to
beat.
Use it on primed walls or woodwork and already-
painted surfaces.
Cleanup is trickier than for water base, and must be
done with mineral spirits or turpentine.
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PROTECTIVEAGENT
NOTDESTROY
THEEXTERNAL
WALL OFTHE
BULDING
GIVE MOREPROTECTIONAND
STRENGTHTO THE
MATERIAL(TI
MB
ER)
DECREASETHEPOSSIBILYTY
OF METALCOMPONENT
TO GET
CORRODE
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BUILDING ANDDECORATIVE
PAINT
Paint give
an
attractive
appearanceto the wall
Oil basedpaint
suitable to
apply in
outdoor and
high traffic
area
Primerpaint give a
undercoat
paint to give
surface for
the finishes
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Contribute more types of paint
which suitable for the
environment and types of the
material
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As a QS, we need to choose the best quality of paintwhile choosing it for a building or houses.
A better paint will effect the appearance and thelonger lasting paint from peeling and premature
failure.
Each of the component in a paint is actually givestrength and protection although in a lower
percentage.
Otherwise, painting also can be a protection to someof the material used such as metal and timber.