Post on 20-May-2018
Water & Wastewater
OZONE OXIDATION ENABLES WATERS TO BE RE-USED
Dr. Jörg Mielcke( - WED)
VII ANQUE`S International Congressand
Mid-term AquaFit4Use Conference
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
2
Water & Wastewater
Outline
� Requirements for waters to be re-used
� Concepts for waste water treatment
� Principle aspects using ozone for waste water treatment
� Principle aspects about process combination (treatment trains)
- biology and oxidation
- AOP treatment
� Large scale plants
� Cost situation
� Conclusions
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
3
Water & Wastewater
Motivation
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
4
Water & Wastewater
…..…..…..…..……(other more)
100--------
Colony forming
units [CFU/100ml]
15050 - 40065 - 7065 - 7060Calcium [mg/L]
--500 - 1700------
Conductivity
[µS/cm]
--7.1 - 8.16.5 - 87 – 86.5 – 7.5pH
5150 - 450500 – 200020020 - 50COD [mg/L]
20--none visiblenone visiblenone visibleColour [mg/L Pt]
Quality for
cleaning
water
food industry
Quality for
sanitary paper
paper industry
Low quality water
textile industry
Moderate quality water
textile industry
High quality water
textile industry
Parameter(excerpt)
Recommend maximum levels of different parameters for industrial waterindustrial water re-use qualities
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
5
Water & Wastewater
Treatment Concepts for Waste Water Reuse
Inlet Biology ClarifierPrimary
RO
AOP:- UV / H2O2
- UV / O3
- O3 / H2O2
MF
Outfall/ River
Reuse
Drinkingwater
Bio/Filtration UVOzone
AOP:- UV / H2O2
- UV / O3
- O3 / H2O2
A-Carbon
A-Carbon
Conventional WW Treatment
Disinfection(Optional)
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
6
Water & Wastewater
Treatment steps for waste water and principle effects
DisinfectionPhoto-oxidation
Effects UV
COD removal
Persistant sub-stances removal
Disinfection
Color, Odor
Threadworms
Disinfection effect
e.g. on sand filter
(reduction of threadworms)
Reduction of ToxicityIncrease of BOD
Effects Ozone
MembraneOzone (AOP)
UVA-carbon
SedimentationSand filterDifferent membrane filters
Activated sludgeFixed bed
Different kind of reactors
FlocculationCoagulation
SedimentationFiltration
Technique
Additional treatment
Clarifier/FilterBiological treatmentPrimary
treatment
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
7
Water & Wastewater
MEMBRANEMEMBRANE
OXIDATIONOXIDATION
Waste Water
Tool boxes for treatment concepts of WW
Carbon
RecyclingBiology
SEVERAL TREATMENT TRAINS POSSIBLE
Separation
In situ
AquaFit4Use concept
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
8
Water & Wastewater
COD elimination by Ozone - example -
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Ozone dose [mg/l]
CO
D [
mg
/l]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
CO
D E
lim
inati
on
[%
]
COD
COD elimination
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
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Water & Wastewater
Specific oxidation: e.g. Kresol degradation
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Ozone dose [mg/l]
CO
D [
mg
/l]
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Kre
so
l [m
g/l
]
COD Kresol
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
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Water & Wastewater
AOX- / COD- elimination Deodorisation
Decolorisation
Disinfection
0 1 5 10 25 50 100 200 ozone dosage (g O3 / m³)
General effects
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
11
Water & Wastewater
� Improvement of:
� BOD/COD-ratio
� flocculation / filtration
� Reduction of:
� color
� toxic compounds (e.g. EDC)
� odor (e.g. H2S)
� bacteria
� further COD reduction
� Mineralisation of:
� CKW´s
� TOC
ozone oxidationin waste water
partial oxidation(cracking)
complete oxidation
Oxidation with OZONE / principle aspects
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
12
Water & Wastewater
“Biology - Ozone” - basic effects
hardly biodegradable COD
biodegradableCOD
COD
biologicaltreatment plant
Ozone
Goal: Improve biodegradability
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
13
Water & Wastewater
Treatment effects using „Biology-Ozone“
raw raw ozoneozone biologybiology ozoneozone biobio--filterfilter
water water treatment Itreatment I treatment IItreatment II
ozone ozone 0 50-100 0 400-600 0
dosage: g/m³ g/m³
effects:effects: no detoxification cracking effects reduction of : reduction of : reduction of : reduction of :
- phenol - biol. COD - partly COD - COD/BOD
- color - BOD color, odor, foam - odor removal
disinfectionspecific compoundse.g. EDC
CODCOD
reductionreduction 0%0% 5%5% 60%60% 80%80% 90%90%
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
14
Water & Wastewater
� Improvement of:
� BOD/COD-ratio
� flocculation / filtration
� Reduction of:
� color
� toxic compounds (e.g. EDC)
� odor (e.g. H2S)
� bacteria
� further COD reduction
� Mineralisation of:
� CKW´s
� TOC
ozone oxidationin waste water
partial oxidation(cracking)
complete oxidation
Oxidation with OZONE / principle aspects
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
15
Water & Wastewater
O3
•OH+ P
+ PPox
P´ox
+ OH-
O3 : specific (direct ozone reaction)
•OH: fast, not specific
Oxidation: ozone and radical reaction
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
16
Water & Wastewater
How to create more Hydroxyl Radicals?
In theory, there are several technologies that exist for advanced oxidation,
(AOP) such as:
- Hydrogen Peroxide + Ultraviolet Light- Hydrogen Peroxide + Ozone
- Ozone + Ultraviolet
Known methods, but not commercialized:
- Titanium Dioxide + Ultraviolet Light
- The photo-Fenton Process (Fe(OH)2+ hv → Fe2+ + ·OH)
- Oxidation in combination with electrolysis
- Various Catalytic Processes (oxidant chemical + catalyst)
- ………
These are the technical
relevant ones
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
17
Water & Wastewater
COD reduction with ozone and ozone/H2O2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
03-Dosage react [g/m³]
CO
D [
mg
02
/L] O3/H2O2
O3
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
18
Water & Wastewater
Ozone treatment – key technique to process waste water for various targets
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
19
Water & Wastewater
ozone generator
energy(400 V)
coolingwater
5 - 32 °C
feed gas
O3
grounded
air / O2
electrodes
5,5 kV
offgas
reaction tank
Scheme of an ozone system
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
20
Water & Wastewater
MWWTP Kalundborg, DK - start up: 02/2003
Target: COD removal; 1200 m³/h
High input of industrial waste water
COD(effluent biology): 120–180 mg/l
Limit < 70 mg/l COD
Ozone installation: 2 x 90 kg ozone/h
Oxygen production onsite
Off-gas for biology aeration
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
21
Water & Wastewater
“Ozone” - application for different water types
� Municipal waste water
- pre treatment part stream or polishing final effluent
reduction of: colored substances, AOX, phenols, PAH,
COD, bacteria, pharmaceuticals, etc. ozone dose: 5.0 to 150 g O3/m
3
� Drinking water
- Ozone ( pre- / main / post- ozonisation)
reduction of: bacteria, THM precursors, taste&odor (and other goals) ozone dose: 0.5 to 5.0 g O3/m
3
� Industrial waste water
- different combinations Ozone - BIO - Ozone - BIO
reduction of: specific chemicals, color, COD, etc.ozone dose: 50 to 1000 g O3/m
3
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
22
Water & Wastewater
Cost situation / example calculations
� cost for ozone production:- 1.5 – 2.0 Euro/kg ozone
(invest ozone generation + operation – no reaction system)
� end up in:- 5 g O3/m³ 0.0075 to 0.01 Euro/m3
- 50 g O3/m³ 0.075 to 0.10 Euro/m3
- 200 g O3/m³ 0.30 to 0.40 Euro/m3
- 1000 g O3/m³ 1.5 to 2.0 Euro/m3
� necessary ozone dosage:- polishing effluent: 5 – 20 g/m3
- slight COD reduction, decolourisation: 30 – 200 g/m3
- intensive COD reduction: 200 – 2000 g/m3
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
23
Water & Wastewater
Conclusions
• Oxidation (mainly OZONE) is a powerful technique to be used in treatment trains to make-up waters for re-use ( in situ ).
• For special tasks Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) might be required.(there is no „one is the best AOP“ – decision matrix)
• Decision criteria:
- treatment requirements/goals
- treatment efficiency (type of water, contaminants, )
- part of treatment train (harmony, synergies)
- foot print
- capital and operating cost
• Some parameters are affected effectively – some not!
(COD, color, odor, germs) (hardness, conductivity)
Oxidation for re-use?
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
24
Water & Wastewater
Waste water treatment technologies
0,1
1,0
10,0
100,0
1.000,0
10.000,0
100.000,0
0,1 1,0 10,0 100,0 1.000,0 10.000,0
Flow [m³/h]
CO
D [
mg
/l]
Aerob biological Treatment
(activated sludge, MBR, Biofilter)
electrolytic ozone generators / LBT UV Systems incl. MB
(PHARMA)
Incineration /
Evaporation
Wet Air Oxidation
OZONE /AOP (OZONE + H2O2)
AOP
(Fenton)
Anaerob biological
Treatment
AOP (UV/H2O
2)
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
25
Water & Wastewater
…..…..…..…..……(other more)
100--------
Colony forming
units
[CFU/100ml]
15050 - 40065 - 7065 - 7060Calcium [mg/L]
--500 - 1700------
Conductivity
[µS/cm]
--7.1 - 8.16.5 - 87 – 86.5 – 7.5pH
5150 - 450500 – 200020020 - 50COD [mg/L]
20--none visiblenone visiblenone visibleColour [mg/L Pt]
Quality for cleaning
water
food industry
Quality for
sanitary paper
paper industry
Low quality water
textile industry
Moderate quality
water
textile industry
High quality water
textile industry
Parameter(excerpt)
Recommend maximum levels of different parameters for industrial waterindustrial water re-use qualities
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Do youremember?
O3
O3O3
O3O3
O3
O3
O3
AOP
AOP
AOP
UV
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
26
Water & Wastewater
Source: watereducation.organisation(www.watereducation.org)
Our Mission
Ozone enables waters to be re-used
Oviedo; June,15th 2010
27
Water & Wastewater
Thank you for your attention!
ANY QUESTIONS, COMMENTS?
UV Disinfection Ozone Oxidation Advanced Oxidation