Post on 30-Mar-2015
Overview of Rambutan Overview of Rambutan Phenology, Flowering, Phenology, Flowering, and Fruit Set in Hawai’iand Fruit Set in Hawai’i
A.M. KawabataM.A. Nagao
D.F. AokiK.Y. HaraL.K. Pena
Chanthaburi, Thailand
0
20
40
60
80
100
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Te
mp
era
ture
(°F
)
Hilo Max
Hilo Min
Chanthaburi Max
Chanthaburi Min
Monsoon season
Hurricane season
Chanthaburi Rainfall
0
5
10
15
20
25
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Pre
cip
ita
tio
n (
in)
HiloChanthaburi
Monsoon season
Hurricane season
Cairns, Australia
0
20
40
60
80
100
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Te
mp
era
ture
(°F
)
Hilo MaxHilo MinCairns MaxCairns Min
Cycl--one season
Hurricane season
Cairns Rainfall
0
4
8
12
16
20
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Pre
cip
ita
tio
n (
in)
Hilo Cairns
Cycl--one season
Hurricane season
Comparisons
Chanthaburi Cairns Hawai’i
Flowering Seasons October to DecemberJuly to August; December to January; thru April
July to August; thru Nov.; March to May;
No. of Flowering Seasons
1 1; extended 2
Flushing SeasonsOct. to Dec.; Sept. (after harvest), May (monsoon)
Nov. to Dec.; Feb. to March (after harvest); May; Jul. to Aug.
Aug. to Sept.; May to June (after harvest); Oct.
No. of Flushing Seasons
2; maybe 3 4 to 5 3 to 4
Harvesting Seasons February to JuneDecember to January; thru March; thru August
Dec. to Jan.; thru Mar.; Aug. to Sept.; thru Oct.
No. of Harvesting Seasons
1 1; extended 2
Flowering in Hawai’i
• Response to water stress
• Symptom = Leaf curling
• Main season (July to August)
• Minor season (April to May)
• Anthesis takes 2-3 months, up to 9 months
• Anthesis of a panicle takes 3-7 weeks, up to 23 weeks
Rambutan Flowers
Female Male Induced Male
24-46 days 12-15 days21-52 days
0
20
40
60
80
1000
days
10 d
ays
21da
ys
31 d
ays
42 d
ays
52 d
ays
63 d
ays
73 d
ays
84 d
ays
94 d
ays
105
days
115
days
126
days
136
days
147
days
157
days
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 da
ys
3 da
ys
7 da
ys
10 d
ays
14 d
ays
17 d
ays
21da
ys
24 d
ays
28 d
ays
31 d
ays
35 d
ays
38 d
ays
42 d
ays
45 d
ays
49 d
ays
52 d
ays
Silengkeng n=22
R134 n=17
Naturally produced hermaphroditic male flowers
Flushing in Hawai’i• Response to rainfall, heavy irrigation,
pruning, harvest• Reduced by cool weather, heavy fruit
set and flowering even in presence of rainfall
• Non-synchronous• Takes 3-4 months to mature• Flushes must be mature at time of floral
induction• Main seasons (May-Jun.; Aug.-Sept.)
Fruiting in Hawai’i
• Seed filling 8-10 weeks after anthesis
• Aril/flesh development 10-12 weeks after anthesis
• Harvest 16-20 weeks after anthesis
• BRIX readings >18%
• Main season (December-January)
• Minor season (August to September)
• Extended drought prolongs harvest 3-6 months longer
Binjai - Main Season (90 ft elevation)
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Weeks After Anthesis
Leng
th (i
n)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Wei
ght (
oz)
Height
Diameter
Weight
Binjai - Minor Season (810 ft elevation)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Weeks After Anthesis
Leng
th (i
n)
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6W
eigh
t (oz
)
Height
Diameter
Weight
Weeks After Anthesis
14 16 18
BRIX 14.9 18.2 19.1
Weeks After Anthesis
16 18 20
BRIX 14.4 16.2 18.4
BRIX