Post on 27-Jan-2015
description
OSM技術、發展與展望Techniques and Development of
OpenStreetMap (OSM)
at 中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心暨地理資訊科學研究專題中心
鄧東波Dongpo Deng
dongpo@iis.sinica.edu.tw
Feb. 7. 2012
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Forbidden city 2012-01
Snapshot on 2012-1-20Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
OSM and me
• Do mapping in central TW and eastern NL
• Edit ‘Map Feature’ (zh-tw)
• Host Taiwanese mapping parties
• My future work for OSM
• Lobby for open geo-data
• Establish TW local chapter of OSM
• Do researches on OSM
• Participate to SotM 2012
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
The major components of OSM
• Portal sites
• Editors
• Data sources
• OSM APIs
• Backend databases
• Rendering systems
• Wiki documents
• Mapper communities
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Go to map the world
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
• OpenStreetMap (OSM) is non-for-profit foundation
• OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world
• Shared by OdbL 1.0 (Changed from By-SA 2.0 since 2012)
Go to map the world
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Grassroots mapping
• Wiki-style editing environment
• Open License, Open Geo Data
• Volunteered Geographic Information
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
OSM can be used for...
• Map browsing,
• Map rendering,
• Searching,
• Reverse geocoding,
• Exporting,
• Online edition.
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
A simple way to contribute data
• GPS traces
• Geotagged Photos
• Paper and pen (walking-papers.org)
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
As a OSM mapper, you not only upload data but also DRAW the map
• Draw the map via uploaded GPS traces, arial and satellite images, etc
• Edit the data attributes
• Name, e.g. street, building
• Street type
• POI
• Traffic artifact ... ,etc
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Mappers drawing Taipei
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Architecture of OSM
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Map Editors
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Front-end editors• Online
• Potlatch (Popular!)
• Mapzen
• Amenity Editor
• Offine
• JSOM (Popular!)
• Merkaartor
• Plugins QGIS
See more info http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Editors
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Polatch2
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Mapzen
mapzen.cloudmade.comTuesday, February 7, 2012
Amenity Editor
http://ae.osmsurround.org/ae/indexTuesday, February 7, 2012
JSOM
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
OSM Plugins for QGIS
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Mobile Editors
• Apple iOS
• iPhone
• Symbian
• Nokia
• Andriod
See more details http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Software
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Data resources: GPS traces
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Data resources: GPS traces
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Data source: Online Mapping systems
• Oline mapping systems and open geo-data resources
• Yahoo! areal : way, landuse...
• Landsat : main way, large landuse...
• WMS services: OpenArialMap
• Don't copy other map if the geodata contains copyright issues!
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Open GeoData to OSM
• CC-licenced geo-data resources directly import to OSM
• AND (Automotive Navigation Data) : Netherlands, India and China
• TIGER data on USA
• Corine Land Cover (Estonia, Romania, Hungary and France)
• Ordnance Survey (UK)
• County of Brest, France
• National parks (FR)
• ...
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Backend
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Backend database: PostgreSQL
• OSM doesn’t use geometry type of PostgreSQL and geospatial functions of PostGIS.
• OSM API v0.6 is used for the main central OSM DB running on servers.
• http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/API_v0.6
• Osmosis is used to populate a more general PostgreSQL/PostGIS DB from Planet.osm dump file.
• http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Osmosis
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Database schema
TextText
User
Relation & old data
Data
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Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Geometry model
Tag
NodeWay
Open ployline
Closed ployline
Area
Relation
See detail info http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Data_PrimitivesTuesday, February 7, 2012
• Key / value
• higway = motorway• name = 福爾摩沙高速公路• ref = Fwy3• maxspeed=110
• Recommended usage
• (wiki:Map Features)
• Consensus (Tagwatch, OSMdoc)
• Homogeneity : data reuse
• Requirement adjust
Map feature
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Rendering system
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Mapnikwww.mapnik.org
• OSM uses Mapnik to render 256 X 256 pixels tiles
• osm2pgsql is used to convert OSM data to postgreSQL for Mapnik rendering
• Map sytles are controlled by stylesheet (XML) files.
• Useful tutorial! https://github.com/mapnik/mapnik/wiki/MapnikTutorials
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Mod tile• Mod tile is a system to serve tiles, for
example to use within a slippy map.
• The implement of Mod file is split into two ports
• mod_tile is a custom Apache module which is responsible for serving tiles and requests the rendering of tiles
• renderd - A rendering daemon which calls mapnik and writes the map tiles to the filesystem
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
tile@home
• Tiles@home (short: T@H or tah) is a distributed program to render Osmarender maps.
• T@H has a server software, Tahngo (generation 2), running at the Tiles@home website, which get requests to render tiles from updated mapdata.
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Browsers
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Slippy map• The slippy is an Ajax component. JavaScript runs in the
browser, which dynamically requests tiles from the server in the background (without reloading web page) to give a smooth map browsing experiences.
• The implementation of slippy map is mostly provided by OpenLayers
• The tiles rendering usually comes from two resources
• Mapnik tile rendering
• Osmrender (tiles@home) tile rendering
See details http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/DevelopTuesday, February 7, 2012
Wiki documents
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
OSM community
• Three main factors: wiki, mailing lists, mapping party
source: http://vaes9.codedgraphic.com/
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Applications/Services based on OSM
techniques
See details http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/List_of_OSM_based_Services
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Crisis Map
• Ushahidi.org• shahanafoundation.org
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
opencyclemap.org
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
histOSM.org
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Real-time train maphttp://kubus.mailspool.nl/spoorkaart/
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Humanitarian Response and OSM
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
OSM Humanitarian Data Model
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
OSM in Haiti
Before earthquake 7 days after earthquake
Souce: Maron 2010
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Researches on OSM
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
OSM participants
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Number of Publications indexed by Google Scholar
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Some research topics on OSM
• data quality, ontologies, top-down process (Muki Haklay)
• 3D models and routing applications (Zipf et al.)
• Neocartography and geovisualization (Chilton, O’Brien)
• Semantic, ontologies (Bishr, Antoniou)
• Technical application (Mooney)
• Trust and general quality (van Exel)
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Types of research with OpenStreetMap
• Muki Haklay (2011) summarized three types
• With OSM - Working close to OSM community to identify research needs and follow them (Wiki Research Ideas page)
• About OSM Learning about OSM, and the community as part of VGI. Comparing it to other projects
• Using OSM–Using the data set to create new applications and explore scientific issues
Muki Haklay (2011) State of the Map EU - OpenStreetMap and GIScience research, State of the Map (SotM) 2011
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Important open questions• Cultural differences and the impact on mapping
• Impact of imports, and the rate and nature of updates of well mapped areas
• Spatial and temporal patterns of engagement and contribution, role of ‘slient’ mappers
• ‘Tyranny of place hypothesis’ and the impact of specific individual on mapping an area
• Internal culture and impact on gender, exclusion and long term engagement
• Legal studies - license use cases and application
• Usability (see Weber and Jones 2011)Source: Muki Haklay (2011)
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Limitations of academic research / collaboration
• Short attention span - the incentives are for novelty, not routine
• Publications are important, so research ideas are welcomed
• Academic institutes can provide power and network (up to a point), not money
• Enthusiastic students are available at specific time cycle
• Across the world, match funding for business, so introductions needed
• Academia careers have thematic focusSource: Muki Haklay (2011)
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Code of engagement for OSM research
• Rule 1– Join a mapping party.
• Rule 2 – Read OSM wiki, books, blogs, and mailing lists
• Rule 3 – Explore the data.
• Rule 4 – Open assess.
• Rule 5 – Open knowledge.
• Rule 6 – Be a critical friend.
• Rule 7 – Teach.
Source: Muki Haklay (2011)Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Code of engagement for OSM research
• Maintain links with the OSM community –it will pay off and will help you to identify new research directions.
• Also maintain links with in the VGI research community –even if the term is awkward, the research is valuable.
• Explore comparisons and parallels –it’s important to learn what is going on in other projects.
http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Research
Source: Muki Haklay (2011)
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Remarks
• OSM is a wiki-style map based on open sources and open data.
• OSM is a collaboration community. All participants are volunteers.
• More and more services and applications use OSM data and techniques.
• OSM is a good instance of VGI. Many researchers around the world are working on OSM.
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
State of the Map 2012 in Tokyo
Taiwan Mapping party on Feb. 18, 2012
Question!
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Tuesday, February 7, 2012