ORDER HEMIPTERA

By: Asmat Babarwww.asmatbabar.blogspot.com

HEMIPTERA

• Hemiptera means “half wing,”.• Front pair of wings are leathery near their base

and membranous towards the tips.• True bugs have slender, beak-like mouthparts

that arise from the front of the head.• All hemipterans undergo incomplete

metamorphosis.• Well developed legs.• Piercing and sucking mouth parts

CLASSIFICATION OF HEMIPTERA

• HEMIPTERA• Suborder: Cryptocerata (shorthorned bugs)• Corixidae (water boatmen)• Notonectidae (backswimmers)• Nepidae (water scorpions)• Belostomatidae (giant water bugs)  • Suborder: Gymnocerata (longhorned bugs)• Gerridae (water striders)• Miridae (leaf bugs, plant bugs)• Phymatidae (ambush bugs)• Reduviidae (assassin bugs)• Tingidae (sugarcane lace bug, avocado lace bug, lace bugs)• Lygaeidae (seed bugs, big eyed bugs, milkweed bugs) • Coreidae (leaf-footed bugs, squash bugs)• Pentatomidae (stink bugs)

•Antenna shorter than the head frequently hidden in grooves beneath the eyes.•Mostly aquatic insects.•Ocelli is absent.•Living in water though often found flying around light.•Hind tarsi with claws.•Front legs for catching the prey.•Membrane of front wings is plainly veined.•Hind legs are flattened for swimming.•Large oval insects. •Belostoma grandis largest bug•Giant water bug.

Tingidae•Antenna longer than the head not hidden in the grooves except phymatidae.• Antenna with less than 5 segments.•Front wings of small insects resemble to lace.•Corythuca ciliata.

a) Black body

b) Antenna and yellowish legs

c) Upper surface is milky white except a fuscous middle spot.

d) Common on the leaves of sycamore.

e) Length about 4mm.

f) Many are oval in outline while some are elongated.

g) Nymphs and adults are found together feeding on the underside of leaves.

Cydnidae• Antenna with 5 segments.• Tibiae with several rows of heavy spines.• Small shiny black beetle like bugs with convex scutellum covering most of the abdomen.

a) Negro bug : flat, dull color, sometimes bright metallic, triangular scutellum, 5-6mm

b) Burrower bugs : Reddish black, 6-8mm

Scutelleridae

•Without strong spines on tibiae.

•Scutellum very large and convex, rounded behind and covering most of abdomen.

•Shield – backed bugs Homaemus Bijugis.

•Scutellum triangular, pointed behind, usually flattened sheild shape bugs.

•Stink bug Chlorochroa Sayi

Reduvilldae

•Head pointed in front, narrow and longer than broad•Head is often distinct with a neck.•Beak is not reaching middle coxae.•Beak is short and thick.•Antennae are thread like at tip.•Its 2 ocelli when present back of eyes.•Assassin bug Reduvis Personatus

Anthocoridae• Beak is longer. • With ocelli• Front wings without closed cells but with a large embolium. • Flower bug : Triphleps Insidiosus • Predaceous on mites and tiny insects

•Front wings without embolium but with 4-5 closed cells.

•Ocelli between eyes.

•Shore bugs Saldula Confluenta • Active predators.

Miridae

• Front wing with cuneus and embolium.• Membrane of front wings with 1-2 closed cells.• No eyes.• Plant bug : Lygus oblineatus.

Nabidae

• Front wings with neither a cuneus or embolium.• front legs with fine spines and for catching the prey.• usually slender insects.• Damsel bug : Nabis ferus.

•Large spine covered the femur of front leg greatly thickened for catching and holding insect prey.

•No tarsi

•Beak with 4 legs but only 3 are prominent.

•Ambush bugs Phymata Erosa

•Tarsi with 2 segments.

•Flattened and thin for living under bark.

•Flat bugs Aradus acutus

Neididae

• Tarsi with 3 segments.• With ocelli.• Body and appendages very cylindrical.• Antennae longer than body.• Stilt bug : Jalysus spinosus

Coreidae

• Body is not extremely cylindrical.• Antennae shorter than body.• Membrane of front wings with 12-13 veins.• Squash bug :Anasa tristis

Lygaeidae

• Membrane of front wings with 4-5 veins.• some species are with short wings or wingless.• Mostly plant feeder.• Chinch bug

Gelastocoridae

•With ocelli, head much wider than long.

•Live in damp fresh water and shores.

•Toad bug Gelastrocoris oculatus.

Naucoridae•Membrane of front wings without distinct veins.

•Water creeper Pelocoris Femoratus

•Small insects with shorter legs.

•The hind femora slightly if at all reaching past the abdomen.

•Smaller water strides Microveria Boreates.

•Tarsal claws arise at sides near the base of last leg instead its apex.

•Leg long with hind femora reaching well past the tip of abdomen.

•Water strides Gerris Remigis

•Tarsal claws arise from the end of tarsus in the normal way.

•Head equal to or longer than thorax.

•Hydrometra Martini water measurers

PhyrrocoridaeLarge eyes and without ocelli.

2 closed cells at the base of wing membrane.

Red bug Dysdercus Suturcllus

•Hind tarsi without distinct claws.

•Front legs are not especially modified for catching prey.

•Front tarsi of scoop shaped and segmented without claws.

Nepidae

•Hind legs for walking mostly long and slim insects

•The members of Genus Nepa are broad and flat, roughly resembling the giant water bugs but have long respiratory tube at the end of abdomen.

•Member of Genus Ranata are much more common, they seems to prefer shallow stagnant water.

•They are predaceous.

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