Post on 01-Jun-2020
Optimal De-Centralized Smart Home-Charging: Potential Study
Mahmoud Shepero Reza Fachrizal Joakim Munkhammar
Built Environment Energy Systems Group (BEESG)Uppsala university
15 October 2018
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Outline
Current EV status
Charging algorithms
ResultsHouseholds’ LoadSmart chargingCapacity-fillingSummary of resultsFuture work
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EVs status
• (2017) 1.1 million sold EVs ⇒ 3.1 million EVs in the world.
• (2030) 1/3 of new car sales EVI 30@30.
• (2040) 1/3 of cars globally BNEF.
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Charging algorithms
Uncontrolled charging
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
Postponed charging
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
Capacity-filling
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
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Charging algorithms
Uncontrolled charging
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
Postponed charging
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
Capacity-filling
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
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Charging algorithms
Uncontrolled charging
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
Postponed charging
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
Capacity-filling
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
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Postponed charging vs Capacity-filling
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
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Postponed charging vs Capacity-filling
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
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Postponed charging vs Capacity-filling
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
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Postponed charging vs Capacity-filling
Postponed charging
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
Capacity-filling
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
12:0
0
00:0
0
Time
0
5
10
Pow
er (
kW)
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Households’ Load
• Widen’s model [1] ⇒ 10 detachedhouses, no electric heating,2 inhabitants.
• Peak load = 6 kW.
0 2000 4000 6000Power (kW)
0
2
4
6
10-3
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Households’ Load
• Widen’s model [1] ⇒ 10 detachedhouses, no electric heating,2 inhabitants.
• Peak load = 6 kW.
0 2000 4000 6000Power (kW)
0
2
4
6
10-3
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Postponed charging
Number of days
0 4 5
0 3 3 5
0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 8
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
11
14
17
24
35
44
3.7 6.9 7.3 11 22Charging power (kW)
Fus
e si
ze (
kW)
Charging delay
00:00 03:38 03:59
00:00 00:32 00:50 00:32
00:00 00:01 00:02 00:21
00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:03
00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00
00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00
11
14
17
24
35
44
3.7 6.9 7.3 11 22Charging power (kW)
Fus
e si
ze (
kW)
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Postponed charging
Number of days
0 4 5
0 3 3 5
0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 8
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
11
14
17
24
35
44
3.7 6.9 7.3 11 22Charging power (kW)
Fus
e si
ze (
kW)
Charging delay
00:00 03:38 03:59
00:00 00:32 00:50 00:32
00:00 00:01 00:02 00:21
00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:03
00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00
00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00
11
14
17
24
35
44
3.7 6.9 7.3 11 22Charging power (kW)
Fus
e si
ze (
kW)
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Capacity-filling
Number of days
364 363 362
364 364 364 327
364 364 364 355
364 364 364 362 198
364 364 364 362 351
364 364 364 362 354
11
14
17
24
35
44
3.7 6.9 7.3 11 22Charging power (kW)
Fus
e si
ze (
kW)
Charging haste
01:30 00:26 00:22
01:41 00:37 00:33 00:10
01:48 00:44 00:40 00:16
01:57 00:53 00:49 00:25 00:03
02:04 01:00 00:56 00:32 00:09
02:07 01:03 00:59 00:35 00:12
11
14
17
24
35
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3.7 6.9 7.3 11 22Charging power (kW)
Fus
e si
ze (
kW)
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Capacity-filling
Number of days
364 363 362
364 364 364 327
364 364 364 355
364 364 364 362 198
364 364 364 362 351
364 364 364 362 354
11
14
17
24
35
44
3.7 6.9 7.3 11 22Charging power (kW)
Fus
e si
ze (
kW)
Charging haste
01:30 00:26 00:22
01:41 00:37 00:33 00:10
01:48 00:44 00:40 00:16
01:57 00:53 00:49 00:25 00:03
02:04 01:00 00:56 00:32 00:09
02:07 01:03 00:59 00:35 00:12
11
14
17
24
35
44
3.7 6.9 7.3 11 22Charging power (kW)
Fus
e si
ze (
kW)
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Summary of results
• Postponed charging is rarely needed (only 8 days a year).
• Postponed charging causes at most 4 hours of charging delay.
• Capacity-filling charging shortens the charging time at least 200 days a year.
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Future work
• Controlled charging with unbalanced3-phase load.
• Impacts of the controlled chargingschemes on the aggregate load.
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References I
[1] Joakim Widen and Ewa Wackelgard. A high-resolution stochastic model ofdomestic activity patterns and electricity demand. Applied Energy, 87(6):1880–1892, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.11.006.
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Residential arrivals on weekdays
00:00 01:0002:00
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09:00
10:0011:0012:0013:00
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18:00
19:00
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22:0023:00
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
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Residential arrivals on weekends
00:00 01:0002:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:0011:0012:0013:00
14:00
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19:00
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21:00
22:0023:00
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
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