Post on 09-Apr-2018
8/7/2019 Operations Technology
1/11
Operations TechnologyOperations Technology
Operations ManagementFor Competitive Advantage
CHASE AQUILANO JACOBS
ninth edition
Supplement C
8/7/2019 Operations Technology
2/11
Supplement C
Operations Technology
Hardware Systems
Software Systems
Formula for Evaluating Robots
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Technologies in Services Benefits
Risks
8/7/2019 Operations Technology
3/11
Hardware Systems
Numerically controlled (NC) machines
Machining centers
Industrial robots
Automated material handling (AMH) systems
Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/AR)
Automate Guided Vehicle (AGV)
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)
8/7/2019 Operations Technology
4/11
Formula for Evaluating a Robot
InvestmentThe payback formula for an investment in robots is:
P = IL E + q(L + Z)
WhereP = Payback period in yearsI = Total capital investment required in robot and accessoriesL = Annual labor costs replaced by the robot (wage and
benefit costs per worker times the number of shifts per day)
E = Annual maintenance cost for the robotZ = Annual depreciationq = Fractional speedup (or slowdown) factor (in decimals).Example: If robot produces 150 % of what the normal worker iscapable of doing, the fractional speedup factor is1.5.
8/7/2019 Operations Technology
5/11
Example of Evaluating a Robot
InvestmentSuppose a company wants to buy a robot. The bank wantsto know what the payback period is before they will lendthem the $120,000 the robot will cost. You have determinedthat the robot will replace one worker per shift, for a one shiftoperation. The annual savings per worker is $35,000. Theannual maintenance cost for the robot is estimated at $5,000,with an annual depreciation of $12,000. The estimatedproductivity of the robot over the typical worker is 110%.
What is the payback period of this robot?
P = I = 120,000 =1.47yearsLE+q(L + Z) 35,0005,000+1.1(35,000+12,000)
8/7/2019 Operations Technology
6/11
Software Systems
Computer-aided-design (CAD)
Computer-aided engineering (CAE)
Computer-aided process planning (CAPP)
Automated manufacturing planning andcontrol systems (MP & CS)
8/7/2019 Operations Technology
7/11
Computer Integrated
Manufacturing (CIM) Product and process design
Planning and control
The manufacturing process
8/7/2019 Operations Technology
8/11
Technologies in Services
Office automation
Image processing systems
Electronic data interchange (EDI)
Decision support systems & expertsystems
Networked computer systems
8/7/2019 Operations Technology
9/11
Cost Reduction Benefits from
Adopting New Technologies Labor costs
Material costs
Inventory costs
Transportation or distribution costs
Quality costs
Other costs
8/7/2019 Operations Technology
10/11
Other Benefits.
Increased product variety
Improved product features and quality
Shorter cycle times
8/7/2019 Operations Technology
11/11
Risks
Technological risks
Organizational risks
Environmental risks
Market risks