Post on 31-Mar-2015
Operating Systems
Operating Systems - Winter 2012
Dr. Melanie Rieback
melanie@cs.vu.nl
http://www.cs.vu.nl/~melanie/teaching/os.html
Design and Implementation
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
W&N, R4.33 – 8-7634
Course OverviewOperating Systems 2012
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 1
• Classes are in:
• M6.07 on Tuesdays 15:30-17:15
• M6.23 on Thursdays 13:30-15:15
• Examination:
• Monday March 26 15:15-18:00
• Monday June 11 18:30-21:15
Course Overview
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 2
• In-Class Quizzes:
• Will be given on a surprise basis
• Are given at the beginning of class
• Can add up to 2(!) extra points to your grade
• But before you start celebrating:
• The questions will be hard
• This is a good way to gauge your progress during this course
• Will cover the material from the previous class
Operating Systems 2012
Structure of this Course
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 3
Operating Systems 2012
Chap 1 - Overview
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 4
• What is an Operating System?
• A Bit of History….
• Concepts
• System Calls
• Structure
Operating Systems 2012
A Bit of History
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 5
Operating Systems 2012
A Bit of History
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 6
Operating Systems 2012
A Bit of History
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 7
Operating Systems 2012
A Bit of History
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 8
Operating Systems 2012
Linux (Lines of Code)
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 9
Operating Systems 2012
Linux vs. MINIX
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 10
Operating Systems 2012
*NIX Evolution
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 11
Operating Systems 2012
*NIX EvolutionOperating Systems 2010
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 12
What is an OS?
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 13
Operating Systems 2012
Abstraction over HW
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 14
Operating Systems 2012
2 Views on OSes
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 15
• OS as a Virtual Machine
• Extending the HW functionality
• Hides the messy details of programming the HW
• OS as a Resource Manager
• Protects against simultaneous usage of resources
• Fair sharing of resources (scheduling)
• Resource accounting
Operating Systems 2012
How to View an OSOperating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 16
ProcessesOperating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 17
Multiple ProcessesOperating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 18
Files (1/2)Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 19
Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 20
Files (1/2)
Filesystem LayoutOperating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 21
Files Concepts (1/2)Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 21
Files Concepts (2/2)Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 22
File System Mounting (1/2)Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 23
File System Mounting (2/2)Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 24
Special Files (1/2)Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 25
Special Files (2/2)Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 26
System CallsOperating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 27
Hardware
Operating SystemSystem Calls
Libraries
Library functionsApplications
Instruction Set
Architecture
• System Calls are the interface the Operating System offers to
applications.• Problem: Mechanics of issuing a system call are highly machine
dependent• Solution: Provide a library to allow system calls from C programs
Process Management (1/2)Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 28
Process Management (2/2)Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 29
System Calls: SignalsOperating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 30
System Calls: FilesOperating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 31
System Calls: DirectoriesOperating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 32
System Calls – Example (1/2)Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 33
System Calls – Example (2/2)Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 34
OS Structure: Monolithic (1/2)Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 35
OS Structure: Monolithic (2/2)Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 36
OS Structure: UNIXOperating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 37
OS Structure: LinuxOperating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 38
OS Structure: Windows 2000Operating Systems 2011
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 39
System Services
Windows
MGR
& GDI
Windows 2000 Kernel
Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)
IO
ManagerGraphics
Device
Drivers
VM
Manager
Security
Reference
Monitor
Process
Manager
Client / Server
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 40
Operating Systems 2012
Virtualization
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 41
Operating Systems 2012