Open Access and PLOS: The Future of Scholarly Publishing

Ginny BarbourMedicine Editorial Director, PLOS

vbarbour@plos.org@ginnybarbour

0000-0002-2358-2440

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Scholarly publication is old business

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society:

Started in 1665; first journal devoted exclusively to science publishing

Scholarly publishing is big business• More than 2000 publishers

– Commercial: Elsevier, Springer, Wiley Blackwell, etc– University Presses: OUP, CUP, ACS, AIP– Scholarly societies– Independent not for profit, eg PLOS– Open access, Subscription, Hybrid

• More than 25,000 journals• More than 1.5 million articles published per year•Worth many billions of dollars

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This is the world that we live in….

The internet changed everything

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There are three things that we need to understand about the web. First, it is more amazing than we think. Second, the conjunction of technologies that made the web successful was extremely unlikely. Third, we probably would not create it, or any technology like it, today. In fact, we would be more likely to cripple it, or declare it illegal.James Boyle, Web’s never-to-be-repeated revolution, Financial Times, November 2, 2005

Open Access: the revolutionary idea

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Kiwi Open Access Logo by the University of Auckland, Libraries and Learning Services is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

Open > Free

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• Free, immediate access online• Unrestricted distribution and re-use • Author retains rights to attribution• Papers are immediately deposited in a public

online archive such as PubMed Central• Bethesda Principles, April 2003

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Gold Open Access

Green Open Access• Publication in a non-gold OA journal

then>>• Deposition in a repository, either institutional, eg a

university; subject specific, or more general

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Copyright: © 2013 Machingaidze et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Various flavours of licenses

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www.plos.org

All PLOS journals are gold open access• Free, immediate access online• Unrestricted distribution and re-use • Author retains rights to attribution and copyright• Papers are deposited in a public online archive

such as PubMed Central

Bethesda Principles, April 2003

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No permissionrequired for any reuse

Translation

Redistribution

Photocopying

Coursepacks

Reproductionof figures

Deposit indatabases

Downloadingdata

Text mining

PLOS

• Founded in October, 2000• December, 2002, $9M grant from Moore Foundation• October 2003, 1st journal, PLOS Biology, launched• Now has seven journals• Now has diverse sources of revenue

– Publication charges• $2900 for PLOS Medicine and Biology• $2250 Community journals• $1350 PLOS ONE

– Publication Fee assistance programme– Institutional and individual memberships – Advertising

• 2011 posted first surplus

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The PLOS journals are about more than Open Access

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PLOS ONE: a key Innovation - the editorial process

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• Editorial criteria• Scientifically rigorous• Ethical• Properly reported• Conclusions supported by the data

• Editors and reviewers do not ask• How important is the work?• Which is the relevant audience?

• Everything that deserves to be published, will be published• Therefore the journal is not artificially limited in size

• Use online tools to sort and filter scholarly content after publication, not before

The megajournals…

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OK, why do I need to care about OA?

Open Access Momentum—Top Open Access Publishers

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# of

Arti

cles

Open Access Momentum—Growing Percentage of STM Articles Published Open Access

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Source: Web of Science and Scopus databases, Mikael Laakso and Bo-Christer Bjork

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Your funders care:ARC/NHMRC policies

• “… requires that any publications arising from an [ARC/NHMRC] supported research project must be deposited into an open access institutional repository within a twelve (12) month period from the date of publication”.

• Say all metadata must be deposited in IR with a link to OA version as soon as possible after acceptance

• Prefer the deposit of Accepted or Published version into an IR• Permit the deposit into a subject repository (linking to the IR)• Permit publication in an OA journal (linking to the IR)• Both the ARC and the NHMRC do allow some of their grant allocation

to be directed to publication costs:• NHMRC relates to any publication after 1 July 2012, regardless of the

grant that supported the research;• ARC policy only affects publications arising from Funding Grants and

Rules 2013

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Many institutions care:11/39 Australian universities have Open Access mandates

• ANU• Charles Sturt • Deakin• Edith Cowan• James Cook• Macquarie • Newcastle • QUT• University of South Australia• Victoria• University of Queensland

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Most importantly, it’s good for your research…

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http://aoasg.org.au/

Make it easy, please…

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http://aoasg.org.au/

What process do I follow?

How can I tell if it’s Open?• Illustrates a continuum of “more open”

versus “less open”• Enables anyone to compare and

contrast publications and policies• Broadens the understanding of OA• Determines how open a publisher

and/or publication is by using the grid

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PLOS journals on the spectrum

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International Journal and Research Academy

Invitation for Paper Submission

Publish your Paper through International Journal & Research Academy (IJARA)

IJARA�stands for International Journal & Research Academy. We are searching for scholars from all over the world and from all fields of studies in order to bring them into a common platform.�IJARA�is an international organization for promoting research and for providing a common platform for research scholars from all disciplines.IJARA�is formed by group of researchers, academicians and scholars based in many different countries (such as USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Sweden, Italy, France, Poland, China, Nigeria, South Africa, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong) working with various esteemed educational institutions, government and research organizations across the world.

We strive to promote �E-Publishing� by publishing our journals in Electronic form,�IJARA�invites scholars, researchers, professionals and academicians to publish their research papers in our journals.�IJARA�is keen to publish papers from researchers all over the world.

Paper Submission Deadline:�May 20, 2013

Review Results (Acceptance/Rejection) Notification: Within 10 working days (maximum) of paper submission.

Publication Date:�June 01, 2013

Send manuscripts to the assigned email address for each journal.

Submit articles for 2nd Issue, Volume 01 of following Journals

The author(s) can submit their manuscripts for the following journal categories:

International Journal of Business & Management Research [ISSN 2306-9165]

Research Journal of Finance and Accounting [ISSN 1888-7373]

International Journal for Research and Development in Engineering [ISSN 2113-5468] Research Journal on Distance Learning [ISSN 2113-7968]

Special Issue

"Advances in Clinical Trials"

Dear Dr. Editors,

Please pay attention to our upcoming Special Issue on "Advances in Clinical Trials" ( www.scirp.org/journal/ijcm), which will be published in the "International Journal of Clinical Medicine" (IJCM, ISSN: 2158-2882), a peer-reviewed open access journal. We cordially invite you to submit your manuscript to this special issue through our Online Submission System.

About Our Journal

■ Full peer review: All manuscripts submitted to our journals undergo peer review. ■ Fast publication: Fast peer review process of papers within approximately one month of submission. ■ Low price: Publication Fee Assistance to Authors from Low Income Countries. To authors who cannot afford a full payment of the fee, we may offer partial or total fee waivers on the sole condition that the papers they submit be of high quality. Article Processing Charges for Low and Lower Middle Income Countries are calculated according to the SCIRP Global Participation Initiative.

Journal Introduction ■ IJCM has 315 papers in 19 issues so far ■ The downloads of articles in IJCM exceed 171,000 ■ The visits of the journal exceed 340,000 ■ The journal has been indexed by 64 databases

Other Special Issues on IJCM

■ Pediatric Surgery Submission Deadline: May 15th, 2013 ■ Shoulder Surgery Submission Deadline:

May 22th, 2013 >>More

Connect with Us

■ E-mail: ijcm@scirp.org

“Open Access” does NOT tell you about

• The scope of the journal• The quality of the journal• The language of the journal• The review process of the journal

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“The dark side of open access”

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“science’s version of the Nigerian banking scams”

Is blacklisting a solution?

We can’t police the internet

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WAME

How can I judge trustworthiness?

http://publicationethics.org/files/u7140/Principles_of_Transparency_and_Best_Practice_in_Scholarly_Publishing.pdf

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What’s next?

Technology is enabling major changes in publishing

• Open Access to publications ✔• Open Access to data• Bringing authorship out of the shadows

• ORCID• Contributorship

• Enabling correction of the literature• Post publication peer review• New ways of measuring impact

We need the data behind the science to be visible

New PLOS Data Policy• Ensuring access to the underlying data should be

an intrinsic part of the scientific publishing process

• To ensure that all steps, from authoring to publication, capture data and its associated metadata well and then present them in optimal human and machine-readable formats to all readers and users of PLOS-published research

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Key elements

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• Update PLOS-wide data sharing policy (at http://www.plosone.org/static/policies#sharing)

• Establish clarity with respect to authors’ obligations• New policy highlights author’s responsibility to determine

and describe a data sharing plan• New policy contains enhanced enforcement mechanism • Therefore ensures transparency of data sharing, i.e.

compliance with policy is externally visible to readers (and to Academic Editors/referees in peer review)

• Aim to ensure policy is workable across scientific fields, and takes account of special considerations for privacy (in relation to human-subject research, and other issues)

We need to track contributions properly

Helping Science evolve 1: Version of Record

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Helping science evolve 2: Post publication review and commenting

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PubMed Commons—Post-publication, Community Commenting

PLOS Labs—Open Evaluation, Structured, Community Experiment

I have some concerns about the validity of this work

This is an exceptional example of science done well

I see one or more clear problems with the validity of this work

I believe this work is reliable

If the user selects either of these two options, display the following:

If the user selects either of these two options, display the following:

The authors have made an exceptional effort to validate their conclusions

This work provides an abundance of data for the community

This dataset has potential for further analysis in the community

This study is exceptionally well-designed

I have successfully reproduced this work in whole or in part

Insufficient detail to support argument

Inconsistent or erroneous logic

Problematic methodology and/or study design

There is no way the experiments could be reproduced or tested

There were insufficient experimental controls

The data do not sufficiently justify the conclusions

Inappropriate statistical design or data analysis

OPTIONAL: OPTIONAL:

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We need to talk about impact

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0.3%

100%

22.2%

Citations are only a small fraction of how a paper is reused

Article-Level Metrics from November 8, 2012 for 63,771 PLOS Papers

Papers in PLOS from QBI

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PLOS ALM Usage Patterns

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"Scholarly User" "Broader Impact"

PDF Downloads HTML Views

PubMed Central PLOS Website

Citations Facebook, Twitter

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Dear Dr Barbour:Based upon data in part from our PLOS article on lethal injection and testimony from our co-author David Lubarsky, lethal injection has been ruled (at least for now) unconstitutional in the state of Tennessee.

“The Dirty War Index (DWI) method has been adapted for use in NATO military environments to monitor civilian, woman and child casualties. This version of the DWI is called a ‘Civilian Battle Damage Assessment Ratio’ (CBDAR). Since October 2009, the CBDAR methodology has been used by NATO forces in Southern Afghanistan in order to reduce the possibility of injuring Afghan civilians. The methodology has identified a number of military activities that historically lead to civilian mortality that has led to NATO changing procedures.”

In short…

The internet has changed academic publishing for goodPublishing is, more than ever, a service industry

Open (not just free) Access is a means to an end – the next (interesting) bit is in your hands

Other things I’d happily talk about…

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Thank you – from PLOS in Brisbane!