ONTHEMOVEWhatisdrivingchangingpatternsofdemand?

AttitudinalresearchcommissionedbytheIndependentTransportCommissionandsupportedbyORR,DfTandReesJeffreys

KristineBeuretOBEFCILTFIHTTPP

SocialResearchAssociatesSeptember2015

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Thebackgroundtotheresearch

AnalysisofNationalTravelSurveybyUCL(1997and2007compared)http://www.theitc.org.uk/docs/47.pdf• Declineincompanycaruse• Declineindrivingbyyoungmen• Increaseinrailusebyallgroups• DeclineindrivinginLondon• Notmuchknownaboutolderpeople,BAMEgroupsand

immigrants

Thenextstage“TheWhyoftheWhat”http://www.theitc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/ITC-ORR-Road-Rail-Attitudinal-Report-Final.pdf

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TheAttitudinalResearchSummarised

Techniques

• 15Neighbourhoodgroups• 25FocusGroups• Facetofaceinterviews

• FaceBookSurvey• 2electronicnationalsurveys• AnalysisbycrosstabulationParticipants(totalc5,000)• 532youngpeopleunder30

• 870peopleaged30-42

• 924olderpeople(55+)• 625migrants(<10years)• 751BAME

• 732commuters/business• Agoodspreadofsegandregion

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Thediscussionandinterviewschedules

• Historyandconceptof‘travel’–triprates,time,mode

• Reasonsforandeffectsofdrivingornotdriving

• Prioritisingthesereasons• Attitudestopublic

transport–rail,bus,cycling,walking

• Viewsabouttravelinthefuture

• Crosstabulation• “Tipping”factors

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Youngpeople• CostfactorsparamountButnotthewholestory• Failingthetheorytest• Availabilityofparking• Urbanlivingandstatus• Theexperienceandknowledge

ofpublictransportincludingaccesstotheinternet

• Alternativestocarownership–technologyandthesharingeconomy

• Genderdifferences–cyclingandsecurity

• Thetransitionfrom20sto30s

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Olderpeople• Residential location crucial – car

ownership and licence holding • Availability of bus and rail

connections and concessions key determinants of travel choices

• Increasingly making life style changes to maximise transport choice

• Role of car ownership for retired men

• Expect to travel more especially for leisure in the future

• Drivers more likely to consider cycling than non drivers

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GeneralBusinessTravel• Increasedinterestinuseoftechnologyforworkduringtravel

inbothtrainsandcars–newproductsandservices• Homeworkingorflexibleworkingdoesn’tseemtoimpacton

carownershipdecision• Leasingpopular–don’texpecttopayfullcostofcar• Interestincarclubsincludingassubstitutefor‘second’car• Easeofbookingtaxicrucialadjuncttorailtravel• RoleofcompanytravelpolicyoftenledbyadminratherthanstrategyalthoughevidenceofdeclineintheautomaticrighttoFirstClasstravel–someresentmentaboutthewholeconceptofrailclasses

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BusinessTravellers-London • LocationespeciallyLondonvrestofUKisacrucial

influencer–acombinationofcommutingdistance,choiceandaccessibility

• BusinesstravellersinLondonmakemoretripsthanbusinesstravellersoutsideLondonbothingeneralandformostpurposes

• Butlessbycar(37%:49%)andmorebyrail,taxi,bus,cycle

• London-basedbusinesstravellersaremorelikelytothinktheywilltravelmoreforallpurposesinthefuture

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Migrants

• Migrantsmakemoretripsespeciallyinurbanareas.Howevertravellessbycarandwalkmorethannonmigrantgroups

• Rangeofdestinationsnarrower–emphasisonlocalleisureandshopping

• Travelbudgetsweightedtowardsvisitstocountryoforigin

• Carlessofaprioritythanhousingandworklongerhours

• Morecarsharingoutsidethefamilyespeciallyvansandworkbasedtravel

• Confusionaboutdrivinglicencerules–some(probably)illegalinterpretationandsomefraud

• Highexpectationstotravelmoreinthefuture

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Black,AsianandMinorityEthnicGroups• Differentpatternsoftravelbetweengroups-cultureand

religionoverlayssocioeconomicgroup

• Modeoftraveltowork:carasdriver

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Black,AsianandMinorityEthnicGroups

Asagroup

• Lowerratesoflicenceholdingandhouseholdcarownership

• Cycleandusetrainless

• Morelikelytoshoplocallyandwalkforthispurpose

• Butonceacquireacar

drivemorethannon

BAMEcarowners

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Conclusions• Allgroupshaveaspirationstotravelmoreincludingolderpeople.• Theimpactoflivinginurbanareasonincreasingtheamountoftravel

seemscounterintuitive.Clearlycommutingisafactorbutthereisalsomorechoiceoftravelmodesandmoretodoinurbanareas?

• Demographictrendsarekeyinfluencers:region,landuse,income,populationgrowth.Butotherfactorsimpactontravelpatternssuchasethnicity,migration,selfemploymentandworkingfromhome.

• Majorlifechangeiscrucial(moving,marriage,childbirth,jobchange,divorce,health,retirement)

• Attitudestowardstransporthavechanged–notjustforyoungpeople–thecarisnolongerthedefaultmethodforalltrips–weareenteringaworldofmultimodalchoiceandknowledge–theon-demandandsharingeconomy.

• Thusmoreopportunitiesforpolicyinterventionandindeedevidencethatpastpolicyinitiativeshavecontributedtothesechangingattitudes.

SeenewFordFocusadhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRYLSnDWaM8&feature=share

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Thoughtsspecifictorail

• Mentalmaps–timeversushttps://mapumental.com/about

• Internetavailability• Designandpermeability• Taxis• Roundtrips• Farestructures-singlereturn• Childtravel• Passengerinvolvement

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