Post on 31-Dec-2015
Office of Atmospheric Programs
Erika Wilson
OAP Tribal Coordinator
National Tribal Forum on Air Quality
Tulsa, OK – May 22, 2012
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Office of Atmospheric Programs
Clean Air Markets DivisionActing Director:
Rick Haeuber
Climate Protection
Partnerships Division
Director:
Beth Craig
Office of Atmospheric
ProgramsOffice Director: Sarah Dunham
Stratospheric Protection Division
Director:
Drusilla Hufford
Climate Change DivisionDirector:
Paul Gunning
What OAP Does
OAP
1. Protects the ozone layer,
2. Addresses climate change,
3. Improves regional air quality.
OAP does this through
• Domestic Regulations
• International Protocols
• Partnership and Technical Assistance Programs
Mission-Driven OAP Tribal Work
• Unique focus on environmental issues at the global and regional scales
• Challenge is to engage tribal stakeholders in a way that makes sense given the nature of our programs
– Opportunities
• Training and Capacity-Building
• Technical Support, including Monitoring
• Regulatory Outreach
• Analytical Efforts
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OAP and Tribes
Clean Air Markets Division
• OAP’s Clean Air Markets Division develops, implements, collects data on, and assesses emission reduction programs designed to reduce regional air pollution problems. – Acid Rain Program
– Clean Air Interstate Rule
– Cross-State Air Pollution Rule
• Environmental monitoring– CASTNET
– NADP
– TIME/LTM
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• Air pollution can travel hundreds of miles and cause multiple health and environmental problems on regional or national scales
• Many areas are still violating the 1997 ozone and the 1997 and 2006 fine particulate health-based air quality standards
• Attaining national ambient air quality standards will require some combination of emission reductions from:– Sources located in or near nonattainment areas
(local pollution),
– Sources located further from the nonattainment area (transported pollution), and
– Pollution emitted by power plants, cars, trucks, and other industrial facilities.
Air Pollution Transport Fundamentals
Air Pollution Transport Effects
• Health– SO2 contributes to the formation of PM2.5
• PM2.5 has been linked to premature death, serious illnesses such as chronic bronchitis and heart attacks, and respiratory problems
– NOX contributes to the formation of PM2.5 and ground-level ozone
• Ozone has been linked to premature mortality, lung damage, respiratory symptoms, aggravation of asthma and other respiratory conditions
• Environmental– Sulfur deposition acidifies surface waters, and damages forest
ecosystems and soils
– Nitrogen deposition acidifies surface waters, damages forest ecosystems and soils, and contributes to coastal eutrophication
• Visibility– SO2 and NOX impair visibility, including at national parks and
wilderness areas
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Public Access to Data
• Annual progress reports• Detailed, searchable emissions and
allowance data• Monitoring network data• Interactive 3-D mapping
www.epa.gov/cleanairmarkets 8
Recent and Current Activities
• Tribal monitoring support– Three tribal CASTNET sites
• Cherokee, OK• Santee Sioux, NE• Alabama-Coushatta, TX
– Ambient mercury monitoring site (NADP – AMNet)• Cherokee, OK
– Passive ammonia monitoring sites (NADP – AMoN)• Cherokee, OK• Santee Sioux, NE
• Cross-State Air Pollution Rule– Consultation, new unit set aside in Indian country– Conducted special outreach for tribes
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CAMD and Tribes
Climate Change Division
• OAP's Climate Change Division (CCD) works to assess and address global climate change and the associated risks to human health and the environment. CCD plays a key role in a range of climate policy and analytical issues inside and outside EPA; domestic and international; regulatory and voluntary.
– U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Climate Indicators Report– GHG Reporting Rule and Data Tool– Domestic and international Non-CO2 partnership programs such
as the • Landfill Methane Outreach Program and • Global Methane Initiative
– Tracks emerging issues in climate science, impacts, economics, and innovative technologies
– Supports U.S. international climate change frameworks and negotiating bodies
Climate changes are underway in the United States and are projected to grow
Climate ChangesTemperature Sea Level Rise
Precipitation
Erosion and Inundation of coastal
lands
Coastal Areas
Changes in irrigation demand and pest
management
Agriculture
Changes in precipitation,
water quality, andwater supply
Water Resources
Loss of habitat and plant and animal
diversity
Ecosystems
More risk of weather-related deaths, infectious diseases, and respiratory
illnesses
Health
Climate Impacts
Effects on traditional practices
Cultural Resources & Communities
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U.S. Supreme Court Decision
GHG Endangerment
Finding
First GHG Standards for
Passenger Vehicles
Clean Air Act Process for
Stationary Sources
Taking Action on GHG Emissions
Climate change poses unique risks to certain sensitive populations—including
the poor, children, elderly and indigenous communities.
• EPA requires 41 source categories to report GHG data annually, accounting for 85-90% of U.S. GHG emissions.
– 29 source categories reported Year 2010 data in 2011.
– An additional 12 source categories will report Year 2011 data in 2012.
– Approximately 10,000 facilities will be covered by the program at the end of 2012. Of these, 29 are located on tribal lands.
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Goal: To collect accurate GHG data to inform future policy decisions
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
• Data publication tool allows users to view GHG data in a variety of ways, including by location, facility, industrial sector, or state.– 2010 data was published in January 2012
– 2011 data will be published in early 2013
– New feature to identify facilities on tribal lands
http://GHGdata.epa.gov/
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• Resources for climate information
• Updating EPA Climate Change website (http://www.epa.gov/climatechange) – New site will include information on climate change impacts to
tribes and examples of how tribes are adapting• Climate Change Indicators Report – updating for 2012• Factsheets
• Resources for taking an active role on climate • Through a 4-year cooperative agreement with ITEP:
– Tribes & Climate Change Website (http://www4.nau.edu/tribalclimatechange)
– Training workshops on developing an adaptation plan– Technical assistance webinars– Monthly email newsletter with a variety of informational resources
CCD and Tribes
Climate Protection Partnerships Division
• Manages highly successful partnership programs– Energy Efficiency
– Clean Energy
– State/local/tribal capacity-building for EE and CE
• Achieving environmental results– In 2010 prevented more than 345 MMTCO2e of GHG emissions (81 million
vehicles emissions equivalent)
– Cumulatively, preventing more than 5,400 MMTCO2e
• 20 years of CPPD partnership success– Over 21,000 partners
– In 2011, Americans reduced their utility bills by $23 billion
Partnership GHG Reduction Programs
• Partnership GHG emission reduction programs
– ENERGY STAR for the Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Sectors
– Green Power Partnership
– Combined Heat & Power Partnership
– State and Local Programs
• Common sense approach to promoting energy-efficient and cost-effective technologies and practices
– National leader in environmental protection through energy efficiency
– Credible, objective information
– Valuable energy management and benchmarking tools
– Technical assistance
Recent and Current Activities
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• Climate Showcase Community Grant Program– Provide technical assistance to six tribal grantees
implementing climate mitigation projects• State and Local Climate and Energy Program
– Develop tribal content for website, winter 2012– Host climate adaptation webcast, fall 2012– Organized mitigation and adaptation session for the
Alaska Forum on Environment (Feb 2011)• Green Power Partnership
– Build capacity through webcasts on tribal renewable projects in partnership with DOE’s Western Area Power Administration (WAPA), a power marketing entity
– Provide partner benefits to tribal partner– Conducting focused outreach to Minority Serving
Institutions, i.e., tribal colleges (ongoing)• Combined Heat and Power Partnership
– Provide partner benefits to tribal partner• CPPD Tribal GHG Inventory Assistance
– Investigate and deliver support on how to quantify tribal GHG emissions, starting work summer 2012
CPPD and Tribes
Stratospheric Protection Division
Our mission: implement the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Clean Air Act Title VI, and supporting partnership programs to protect stratospheric ozone
Regulatory Approaches:• Turn off production tap for ozone-depleting substances (ODS): first chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other class I compounds – then class II hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)• Find alternatives: Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program• Emissions reduction: Maintenance and disposal of refrigeration/AC equipment
Supportive Partnership Programs:• Emissions reduction partnerships: Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) and GreenChill• Share sun safety information: SunWise
Ozone Layer
• Ozone layer is Earth’s “sunscreen” – protects people, plants and animals from too much ultraviolet radiation.
• Because ozone depleting chemicals persist for long periods in the ozone layer, damage cannot be reversed rapidly - but should recover by about 2065.
Ozone hole over Antarctica in September 2010
Figures: NASA
Ozone hole over Antarctica in September 1987
Every $1 invested in SunWise earns $2 to $4 in public health savings.
In All 50 StatesProven
EffectiveSunWise students show an 11% decrease in sunburns.
Free Resources
Goal: Prevent skin cancer by sharing sun safety information with schools, kids & families
Reducing Refrigerant Emissions
• Clean Air Act: Emissions Reduction Programs– Prohibits intentional releases of CFCs, HCFCs &
substitutes (HFCs)
• Establishes Service Practices for Stationary Refrigeration/AC and Motor Vehicle AC – Refrigerant recovery and recycling standards– Technician training and certification
• Partnerships go beyond regulations
Recent and Current Activities
Stratospheric Ozone and Tribes
OAP Tribal Program Plan
• OAP would like to work with tribes to develop a tribal program plan outlining our priorities and objectives for working with tribes
• Need tribal input in the creation of this document
• Keep an eye out for more information or contact me directly to become involved
• Erika Wilson – 202.343.9113, wilson.erika@epa.gov
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Discussion
• What OAP programs or topics are most relevant to your tribe?
• How can our resources and programs benefit tribal communities?
• How should we be reaching out to tribes on OAP issues?– Ideas for training venues for motor vehicle air
conditioning equipment?
• How can we be better partners?
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Office of Atmospheric Programs: http://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/oar.html#oap
Clean Air Markets Division:http://epa.gov/airmarkets/
Climate Change Division: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ccd.html
Climate Protection Partnership Division: http://www.epa.gov/cppd/
Stratospheric Protection Division: http://www.epa.gov/ozone/desc.html
Erika WilsonEPA Office of Atmospheric Programs
202.343.9113wilson.erika@epa.gov
04/19/23 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 26
APPENDIX
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OAP’s 2009-2011 Tribal Priorities*
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• Expand outreach and engage tribes on:– Climate adaptation planning – Climate mitigation implementation – Partnership greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting substance reduction
programs
• Build tribal adaptation planning capacity and communicate climate change impacts
• Support tribal monitoring of mercury, rural air quality and pollutant deposition
• Consult and engage tribes on rulemakings
• Currently being updated* In no particular order