Post on 19-Dec-2015
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
United Nations Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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OutlineOutline
1.1. United Nations Humanitarian Civil- Military United Nations Humanitarian Civil- Military
Coordination (UN-CMCoord)Coordination (UN-CMCoord)
2.2. Use of Foreign Military Assets in support of Use of Foreign Military Assets in support of
Humanitarian EmergenciesHumanitarian Emergencies
3.3. UN-CMCoord Support Activities & StructureUN-CMCoord Support Activities & Structure
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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1. What is UN CMCoord?1. What is UN CMCoord?
UN Humanitarian Civil Military Coordination (UN-CMCoord)UN Humanitarian Civil Military Coordination (UN-CMCoord)
The The essential dialogueessential dialogue and interaction between civilian and and interaction between civilian and military actors in humanitarian emergencies necessarymilitary actors in humanitarian emergencies necessaryto to protectprotect and and promotepromote humanitarian principles, humanitarian principles, avoid avoid competitioncompetition, , minimize inconsistencyminimize inconsistency, , and when and when appropriateappropriate pursue common goals.pursue common goals.
The key elements are The key elements are information sharinginformation sharing, , task divisiontask division, and , and planningplanning. . Coordination is a Coordination is a shared responsibilityshared responsibility facilitated by liaison and facilitated by liaison and common trainingcommon training Basic Basic strategies strategies range from coexistence to cooperation.range from coexistence to cooperation.
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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Humanitarian Principles Humanitarian Principles Guiding Humanitarian ActionGuiding Humanitarian Action
Humanity >Humanity > Human suffering must be addressed Human suffering must be addressed wherever it is foundwherever it is found, with particular attention to the , with particular attention to the most most vulnerablevulnerable in the population, such as children, women and in the population, such as children, women and the elderly. The the elderly. The dignitydignity and rights of all victims must be and rights of all victims must be respected and protected.respected and protected.
Neutrality >Neutrality > Humanitarian assistance must be provided Humanitarian assistance must be provided without engaging in hostilities or taking sideswithout engaging in hostilities or taking sides in in controversies of a political, religious or ideological nature.controversies of a political, religious or ideological nature.
Impartiality >Impartiality > Humanitarian assistance must be provided Humanitarian assistance must be provided without discriminatingwithout discriminating as to ethnic origin, gender, as to ethnic origin, gender, nationality, political opinions, race or religion. Relief of the nationality, political opinions, race or religion. Relief of the suffering must be suffering must be guided solely by needsguided solely by needs and priority must and priority must be given to the most urgent cases of distress.be given to the most urgent cases of distress.
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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Civil-Military RelationsCivil-Military Relations
CivilianCivilian
MilitaryMilitary
DomesticDomestic
DomesticDomesticInternalInternal
Civil-MilitaryCivil-MilitaryRelationsRelations
InternationalInternational
InternationalInternational
TraditionalTraditionalFocus of Military Focus of Military
CIMICCIMIC
Traditional Traditional Focus of Focus of
Humanitarian Humanitarian ActorsActors
““UN-UN-CCMMCCoordoord””
Our FocusOur Focus
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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Humanitarian Assistance Humanitarian Assistance vs. vs.
Military Civic ActionMilitary Civic Action
HumanitarianHumanitarian actsacts are guided by are guided by humanitarian humanitarian principlesprinciples. ….assistance is provided . ….assistance is provided based on based on needneed. It is . It is …impartial……impartial… without discrimination. without discrimination. Humanitarian providers strive to deliver this help in a Humanitarian providers strive to deliver this help in a neutral neutral manner, without taking sides in disputes or manner, without taking sides in disputes or political positions on the underlying issues.political positions on the underlying issues.
MilitaryMilitary civic actioncivic action is conducted is conducted based onbased on needs of needs of the force and the missionthe force and the mission… (it) is … (it) is conditionalconditional and and may cease when the mission changes or the unit moves.may cease when the mission changes or the unit moves.
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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What is Humanitarian Space ?What is Humanitarian Space ?
= A conducive humanitarian operating environment where the receipt of humanitarian assistance is not conditional upon the allegiance to or support to parties involved in a conflict but is a right, independent of military and political action. (MCDA Guidelines)It is achieved through acceptance of and adherence to humanitarian principles.
Civil-Military Coordination is essential for the establishment and protection of humanitarian space in emergencies.
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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Spectrum of Strategies and Spectrum of Strategies and ApproachesApproaches
Coop
era
tion
Coop
era
tion
Co-e
xis
ten
ce
Co-e
xis
ten
ce
CoordinatioCoordinationn
PlanningPlanningTask DivisionTask Division
Information SharingInformation Sharing
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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At a minimum, the responding military and civilian At a minimum, the responding military and civilian actors must coordinate in actors must coordinate in critical areascritical areas in order to in order to enhance cooperation and coexistence and minimize enhance cooperation and coexistence and minimize competition and conflict competition and conflict
Security, logistics, communications, transportation, Security, logistics, communications, transportation, informationinformation
Coordination, Cooperation & Co-Coordination, Cooperation & Co-existenceexistence
CooperationCooperation is one form of Civil- is one form of Civil-Military Relations. Military Relations.
CoexistenceCoexistence is another. is another. Unfortunately Unfortunately competition competition and and conflict conflict occur. occur.
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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Military
Possible Interfaces for Possible Interfaces for Humanitarian-Military Humanitarian-Military
CoordinationCoordination
Humanitarian
Military
Liaison Officer
Humanitarian Humanitarian Humanitarian
Military Military
Liaison Officer
Liaison Officer
Liaison Officer Third-Party
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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TimeTime
Need for Need for AssistanAssistan
cece
Foreign Military Foreign Military and Civil Defence Assetsand Civil Defence Assets
International Civilian ReliefInternational Civilian Relief
Local/National Response incl. militaryLocal/National Response incl. military
2. Use of Foreign Military Assets in 2. Use of Foreign Military Assets in Support of Humanitarian Support of Humanitarian
OperationsOperations
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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Hierarchy of Humanitarian Hierarchy of Humanitarian TasksTasks Direct AssistanceDirect Assistance
Face-to face distribution of goods and services – handing out Face-to face distribution of goods and services – handing out relief goods, providing first aid, transporting victims, relief goods, providing first aid, transporting victims, interviewing refugees, locating families, etc…interviewing refugees, locating families, etc…
Indirect AssistanceIndirect Assistance
At least one step removed from the population -- transporting At least one step removed from the population -- transporting relief goods, building camps and shelters, providing water relief goods, building camps and shelters, providing water sources, clearing mines and ordinance, etc…sources, clearing mines and ordinance, etc…
Infrastructure SupportInfrastructure Support
General services that facilitate relief, but are not necessarily General services that facilitate relief, but are not necessarily visible to or solely for the benefit of the affected population -- visible to or solely for the benefit of the affected population -- repairing infrastructure, operating airfields, providing repairing infrastructure, operating airfields, providing weather info, ensuring access to communications networks, weather info, ensuring access to communications networks, etc…etc…
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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Appropriate ReliefRelief Tasks
Humanitarian Tasks
Mission of Military
Infrastructure Support
Indirect Direct
Peaceful Yes YesYes Maybe
Peacekeeping Yes Maybe MaybePeace
Enforcement Maybe Maybe No
Combat Maybe No No
Visibility of Task IncreasesVisibility of Task Increases
Availability Availability and and
Impartiality Impartiality of Forces of Forces IncreasesIncreases
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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Humanitarian EmergenciesApplicability of Guidelines
Conditions
Mission of Military
Stable Unstable Failed State
Peaceful
Peacekeeping
Peace Enforcement
Combat
Need for Assistance IncreasesNeed for Assistance Increases
Availability Availability and and
Impartiality Impartiality of Forces of Forces IncreasesIncreases
MCDA MCDA GuidelinesGuidelines
GenevaGenevaConventionsConventions
Oslo Oslo GuidelinesGuidelines
Natural disasters
Conventional War
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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Focal point for UN-CMCoord policy and operations in the UN System
Custodian of 4 sets of civil-military related guidelines
Deploys UN-CMCoord Officers for short-term field operations
Mobilizes foreign military and civil defence assets in emergency, upon request
3. UN-CMCoord Support Activities3. UN-CMCoord Support Activities
Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Civil-Military CoordinationSection (CMCS)
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CMCS is the focal point for CMCS is the focal point for mobilization of military mobilization of military assetsassets within the UN System within the UN System
UN Country Representatives UN Country Representatives request the assets through request the assets through the UNRCthe UNRC
CMCS requests personnel, CMCS requests personnel, specific expertise and/or specific expertise and/or equipment from donors statesequipment from donors states
Donors provide assets at no Donors provide assets at no cost to the disaster-stricken cost to the disaster-stricken communitycommunity
The Civil-Military Coordination Section (CMCS)The Civil-Military Coordination Section (CMCS)