OER in ODL:Imperatives and way ahead for

India

19th March,2016Ramesh Sharma

National Workshop on Development of Self Learning Materials (SLMs) in Open and Distance Learning (ODL)

(Learning Materials for Higher Education) March 14-20, 2016 (07 days)

Indira Gandhi National Open University Organized by STRIDE

Education as Priority…XII Five Year Plan

• Excellence• Equity• Expansion

Chal

leng

es Access

Quality

Innovation

Transforming India

Distinctive Profile of a Developed IndiaA nation where education with a good value system is not denied to any meritorious candidates because of societal or economic discrimination.

http://scroll.in/article/744333/apj-abdul-kalam-we-have-to-transform-india-in-five-areas-where-india-has-core-competence

Distance … Technology …

https://internationalstudyabroad.wordpress.com/2013/02/16/10-most-popular-distance-learning-universities-in-india/

http://www.tonybates.ca/2012/02/10/is-open-and-distance-learning-the-solution-for-developing-countries/

Technology … Era of Globalisation

New Learners

Universal Learning

Knowledge and skills… New Job roles

Challenges ..

Model of simultaneous teaching

SWAYAM… Indian Initiative on MOOCs

OER …

http://classroom-aid.com/tag/oer/

Social benefits…

Learning …

Burden? Joy!

Communication across language barriers …

Translator is currently available in English, Spanish, Italian and Mandarin.

Personalisation … Need Identification

Going mobile ..

http://moodle.itcilo.org/siyb/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=161

Diversity in learning experiences

http://www.growvc.com/blog/2012/01/the-old-cliche-knowledge-is-power/

Participation …

https://www.ids.ac.uk/team/participation

Visibility networks …

https://www.exeter.edu/summer_programs/7324_7372.aspx

Need Assessment … Care for stakeholders

https://www.tapinto.net/articles/hands-on-baking-lesson-promotes-learning-through

Quality Matters …

http://www.weareteachers.com/blogs/post/2012/05/08/5-resources-for-the-flipped-classroom

Learning

Education

Access

ScienceData

Source

Govt

23

Change in philosophy towards an “Open Movement”Open Source Software

Open Access

Open Licences

Open Science

Open Society

Open Educational Resources

Open Data

24

Affordances of the Internet

Title : File:Internet map 1024.jpg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSource : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Internet_map_1024.jpglicense : Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported

25

• Alternative copyright Licensing

• A range of financial models

• Affordances of the Internet

• Change in philosophy

Social Technical

LegalFinancial

What has enabled OER?

Available to other faculties, students and institutions.

Other educators can now discover and reuse.

Learning activity or resource

Creates

Designated as OER on web

Adapted from Conole, G., McAndrew, P. & Dimitriadis, Y., 2010

Shares with studentsand other faculty

Traditional sharing of teaching materials

Sharing educational resources as OER

Additional considerations:• Clearing of copyright issues• Formatting for web and accessibility for

reuse• Addition of descriptive metadata• Publishing in repository, referatory

or on the webEducator

…sharing beyond the classroom

Image source: http://www.bihardays.com/

Defining an OER

OER: Definition• teaching, learning and research

materials in any medium, digital or otherwise, that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions. Open licensing is built within the existing framework of intellectual property rights as defined by relevant international conventions and respects the authorship of the work.

What is “Open”?

It’s about open license used to share educational material

• Reuse• Revise• Remix• Redistribute• Retain

No permission required as long as the open license is respected

5R

Defining the "Open" in Open Content• Retain - the right to make, own, and control copies of the content

(e.g., download, duplicate, store, and manage)• Reuse - the right to use the content in a wide range of ways (e.g.,

in a class, in a study group, on a website, in a video)• Revise - the right to adapt, adjust, modify, or alter the content

itself (e.g., translate the content into another language)• Remix - the right to combine the original or revised content with

other open content to create something new (e.g., incorporate the content into a mashup)

• Redistribute - the right to share copies of the original content, your revisions, or your remixes with others (e.g., give a copy of the content to a friend)

http://www.opencontent.org/definition/

Open Educational Resources

Shared

Shared freely and openly to

be…

Used

Improved

Redistributed

… used by anyone to … … adapt / repurpose/

improve under some type of license in order

to …

… redistribute and share

again.

Open Content / Open educational resources (OER) / Open Courseware are educational materials which are discoverable online and openly licensed that can be:

Technology and Platforms

OER Paris Declaration 2012: Recommendations related to Institutions

• Promote awareness and use of OER• Improve media and information literacy• Develop institutional policies for OER• Educate stakeholders on open licenses and

copyright• Promote quality assurance and peer review

of OER• Develop strategic partnerships to avoid

duplication of work as well as technologies• Encourage and support research on OER• Develop tools to facilitate access to OER

OER Paris Declaration 2012: Recommendations related to Teachers• Promote awareness and use of OER• Develop and use OER• Engage in peer review of OER • Promote quality of OER• Develop OER in local languages• Contextualize OER• Conduct research on OER• Share learning materials prepared

Qingdao Declaration 2015

OER and Open Solutions …

OER World Map

OER World Map - India

Recommendations on Open Educational Resources

Department Of Electronics & Information Technology, Government Of India

National Repository of OER

42

Alternative copyright Licensing

Strategies…

Open Educational Practice (OEP) A characteristic of Open

Educational Practice, compared with conventional forms of professional practice, is that it changes the nature of relationships…

http://littlebylittlejohn.com/do-oer-funded-initiatives-impact-professional-practice/

- Allison Littlejohn, Lou McGill, Isobel Falconer, Jay Dempster

What this change is?• Between academics and support staff (as people work in

multi-disciplinary teams, sharing areas of expertise);• Amongst academics (as teaching practice shifts from

individual practice to cross-institutional and inter-institutional collaboration);

• Between academics and students (as teachers and learners (who may not be registered with a university) interact in new ways);

• Between academics and organisations {including the university where they are employed} (as university activities open up).

http://littlebylittlejohn.com/do-oer-funded-initiatives-impact-professional-practice/

What further we can do?

Explore… find… search…

Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Educationhttp://www.iskme.org

Collaborate for content creation…

Thank you!