Dr. Libby Jewett Director, Ocean Acidification Program, NOAA

Cuba-Mexico-USA Ocean Observing WorkshopHavana, Cuba

8 July 2017

Ocean Acidification in the Gulf of Mexico

Outline

What is Ocean Acidification

Gulf of Mexico Ocean Acidification Research Cruise

Global Response – join us?

What is ocean acidification?

The ocean absorbs ~27%

of carbon dioxide emitted

by industry and

deforestation each year.

Carbon Dioxide

(CO2)

Climate change

Ocean acidification

Ocean Acidification Past & Future

NOAA GFDL ESM2M RCP 8.5 Model Output

18691902193519682001203420672100

Results from Ciais et al., 2013

Model from Dunne et al., 2013

Ωarg

0 1 3 5

Ωarg = availability of minerals for shell building

Ocean Acidification Past & Future

NOAA GFDL ESM2M pH RCP 8.5 Model Output

Results from Ciais et al., 2013

Model from Dunne et al., 2013

“Exposure”

Why OA Matters

US Commercial FisheriesShrimp

Menhaden

Shellfish

Finfish

WhitePink

Brown

Oysters Stone crab

Blue crab Spiny lobster

2013 US Landings Revenue

6

$503M54%

$95M10%

$65M7%

$179M19%

2013 GoM Total Landings ($1,000)

Shrimp

Menhaden

Finfish

ShellfishTOTAL: $936,660,000

Decadal Mean Landings Values

Image: wikipedia

Image: NOAAA

Image: LA Sea GrantNational Marine Fisheries Service. 2015. Fisheries Economics of the United States, 2013. U.S. Dept. Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-F/SPO-159, 240p.

7

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1954-1964($1.04B)

1964-1974($2.04B)

1974-1984($5.87B)

1984-1994($8.46B)

1994-2004($9.32B)

2004-2014($8.95B)

Pe

rce

nt

of

De

cad

al M

ean

Lan

din

gs V

alu

e

Decadal Mean Landings Values (Inflation Corrected to 2008)

Blue crab

Shrimp (pink)

Shrimp (white)

Shrimp (brown)

Oysters (eastern)

Stone crabs

Crawfish

Groupers

Menhaden

Mullets

Red snapper

Tuna (yellowfin)

Other

2017 Gulf of Mexico OA Cruise

July 18 – August 21

US, Mexican and Cuban

scientists

http://www.aoml.noaa.

gov/ocd/gcc/GOMECC

3/

Both ocean chemistry

and biological processes

will be studied

More Details on Mexico…

Participants

Daniel Pech – ECOSUR

Sharon Herzka - CICESE

Linda Barranco, UABC – Mexico

Gabrielle Cervantes, UABC – Mexico

Alkalinity, underway pH

Frank Hernandez - CICESE. Eggs and larvae

Lucio Loman, Ecosur – Mexico. Pteropods and other zooplankton

5 lines of 7-10 stations each plus 4 net tows on each line.

2 of these lines have been previously sampled by our Mexican colleagues for carbon parameters so we will be able to compare our data with theirs

The lines will also allow us to complete the data gap we have particularly in the southwest GOM. The last line in Mexican waters, in the Yucatan channel, will allow us to characterize the waters going into the GOM (through the loop current).

More Details on Cuba…

Cuban observers on board:

Mr. Jorge Luis Viamontes from GEOCUBA (in Havana)

Dr. Alain Muñoz from CEAC (in Cienfuegos).

4 stations in Cuban waters in the Yucatan channel transect and another 4 in the Florida straits transect.

In the transit between these two lines we will take underway samples every 3-4 hours. Parameters will include: T, S, O2, all 4 carbon parameters, nutrients, chl-a, CDOM, microbiology, ichtyoplankton, etc.

Global Response to OA…

“What you don’t measure, you cannot manage”

Track the chemical changes

Temperature

Salinity

Pressure (depth)

Oxygen

OA specific #s

pH, pCO2, Alkalinity, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon

Use those to calculate Mineral Saturation State

Carbon Wave Glider, PMEL,

*

,

2

3

2

phasesp

phaseK

COCa

Track the Biological Changes

Geoduck Larvae

King Crab Larvae

Fish Larvae

Level 1 Level 1

Level 2 Level 2

Level 3 Level 3

Goal 1 Goal 2 Goal 3OA conditions Ecosystem response OA modeling

Ocean

L1: carbonate-system

constraint, T, S, O,

fluorescence, irradiance

L2: nutrients, bio-optics,

transport, meteorology,

trace metals...

L3: capability-specific

L1: biomass of functional

groups (phytoplankton, zoo-

plankton & microbes)

L2: species; processes incl.

growth, grazing & respiration

L3: capability-specific

Inputs to

models

In UN SDG context

SDG 14.3

WWW.GOA-ON.Org

NEW GOA-ON Data Portalwww.GOA-ON.org

Ocean Acidification Observing

• Buoys• Ships • New technologies• Satellites

Calling all Gulf of Mexico PIs!

Northern GOM mooring

Observatorio Ciudad del Carmen

Puerto Morales

Self-Forming Regional Networks

OA-Africa

LAOCA

WestPAC

North America

South Pacific/

Southern Ocean

EU

Cristian Vargas, Chile

• Algeria

• Angola

• Australia

• Bangladesh

• Barbados

• Belgium

• Brazil

• Cameroon

• Canada

• Chile

• China

• Colombia

• Cook Islands

• Costa Rice

• Cote d’Ivoire

• Ecuador

• Egypt

• Fiji

• France

• Germany

• Hong Kong

• Iceland

• India

• Indonesia

• Iran

• Ireland

• Israel

• Italy

• Jamaica

• Japan

• Kenya

• Korea

• Kuwait

• Lebanon

• Malaysia

• Mauritius

• Mexico

• Micronesia

• Morocco

• Mozambique

• Namibia

• Netherlands

• New Caledonia

• New Zealand

• Nicaragua

• Nigeria

• Norway

• Palau

• Philippines

• Portugal

• Samoa

• Seychelles

• Senegal

• Solomon Islands

• Somalia

• South Africa

• Spain

• Sweden

• Taiwan

• Tanzania

• Thailand

• The Democratic Republic

of Congo

• Tonga

• Trinidad & Tobago

• UK

• USA

• Venezuela

• International Bodies

Network of 370

scientists from

67 countries

Global Ocean Acidification

Observing Network (GOA-ON)

Since 2013,

network has

doubled

New: Pier2Peer

Mentorship

Program

GOA-ON...as of 2013

Network of ~ 150 scientists from 31 countries

Data from validated 1st & 2nd GOA-ON workshop participant lists (Seattle, Washington 2012 and St. Andrews, UK 2013)

Excluding

representatives

of UN bodies

GOA-ON...as of June 2017

Data from www.goa-on.org current members list

Excluding

representatives

of UN bodies

Network of 370 scientists from 67 countries

Utilizing various platforms:

– Recships

– Moorings & piers

– Gliders & floats

Expanding PlatformsShips, buoys, glidersNEW low cost options for nearshore deployment

Recent training in MauritiusInstrument deployed just offshore

GOA-ON Activities and Outputs

Pier2Peer Mentorship Program

Mission: A scientific mentorship program supporting the expansion of ocean acidification observing capacity through two way sharing and capacity building activities.

Pier2Peer Activities

Professional Engagement

Directed Lab Trainings

Strengthen GOA-ON

IAEA Technical Cooperation projectsupporting GOA-ON

IAEA-GOAON INT project

Carlos Manuel Alondo Hernandez

Laboratorio de Vigilancia Radiológica-Ambiental

Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos

Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Medio Ambient

Cuba

We are testing some concepts but still many

scientific questions…

Adaptation Options?

Protect and Enhance Seagrass Beds

CO2

pH

Manzello et al 2012

Cultivate Tolerant Breeds

In US: Molluscan Broodstock Program @ Oregon State University

Questions?

Libby.Jewett@NOAA.govOceanAcidification.NOAA.govWWW.GOA-ON.org