Post on 11-Jan-2016
Objectives
• Explain the rise of Napoleon after Robespierre.
• Evaluate the importance of Napoleon’s reforms.
Napoleon Forges an Empire
Chapter 23 Section 3
Napoleon’s Rise to Power
• Very short, but casts a long shadow– Became a great military genius
• In four years, from 1795-1799– From officer in the army– Became a great military genius– To Emperor of France
Napoleon Seizes Power
• Hero: October 1795 – Saved the National Convention
• Royalist rebels attacked the Convention.
– 1796 – led army against Austria• Many victories• Becomes most famous general in all of
France.
Napoleon Seizes Power
• Coup d'état: 1799– Directory lost control and dissolved– Group of 3 consuls created
• Napoleon – 1st consul
• Plebiscite– Vote of the people– Approve new constitution– Gave real power to Napoleon
Napoleon Restores Order • Economic –
– Balanced the budget– Better tax collection system– restored bread prices
• Government – – Dismissed corrupt officials– Replaced with trained officials
• Based on merit
• Religious - – Recognized and supported the church– Church out of Government affairs
Napoleon Restores Order: Napoleonic Code
• Legal-– Napoleonic Code
• One Code of laws for France– everyone was equal in the eyes of
the law• Purpose was to reform legal code
to reflect the French Revolution
• Actually limited liberty– Order over rights
The Influence of the Napoleonic Code
Wherever it was implemented [in the conquered territories], the Code Napoleon swept away feudal property relations.
Becoming Emperor• Made himself “Consul for Life”
• Made himself Emperor at the Cathedral of Norte Dame
Napoleon creates an Empire: The Americas
• Haiti– They demanded the same privileges of Fr– Napoleon wanted to take back the colony
• Restore the industry there• Expedition failed
• Napoleon cut his losses– Offered to sell the Louisiana Territory
• Gain $$$• Punish the British
Haitian Independence, 1792-1804
Haitian Independence, 1792-1804
Toussaint L’OuvertureToussaint L’Ouverture
Louisiana Purchase, 1803doubled the size of the United States
$15,000,000/828,800 square miles/ all or part of 14 U.S. states & 2 Canadian provinces.
Napoleon creates an Empire:Europe
• Already controlled Netherlands, parts of It. & Switz.
• France vs. Great Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia
– France wins, and wins BIG– Signed treaties with Austria, Russia, & Prussia– Only one left: Britain
• Largest Empire since Rome
Objectives
Explain the fall of Napoleon. Evaluate the 3 mistakes Napoleon
made, for his demise.
Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
Chapter 23 Section 4
Napoleon’s Loss
• Battle of Trafalgar– Naval defeat– British commander split the
French fleet
• Two major results– British navy: best for 100 years– Napoleon gave up on invading
UK – Looked for another way to get
UK• Tries blockade of UK
• This would lead to his downfall
British
French
The French Empire
Huge but unstable
Maintained it for only 5 years
Quickly fell to pieces Caused by Napoleon’s actions
The Continental System Peninsular War Invasion of Russia
Napoleon’s Three Mistakes
The Continental System
GOAL Isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe.
Milan Decree (1807) Ships from Britain would be seized
(taken). Blockade against Britain backfires
Prevent trade between Britain & European countries Supposed to make Europe more self-sufficient
& destroy Britain’s industry Weakened France instead
Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810
Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810
e Portugal did not comply with the Continental System.
e France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal.
e Spain refused = Napoleon invades Spain Guerilla warfare in Spain = loss of many of Napoleon’s
best troops. Citizens ambushed Napoleon’s army
Spain & PortugalFrance 1806: ContinentalSystem
The “Big Blunder” -- Russia July, Napoleon led his army of
614,000 men across central Europe into Russia.
The Russians avoided a direct confrontation.
Retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia
Hoped that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause.
“Scorched-Earth policy” Burned fields, slaughtered
livestock Russian nobles abandoned their
estates leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases.
Napoleon at Moscow
September, 1812 Napoleon reached Moscow, but the city had been abandoned.
The Russians had set fire to the city.
Moscow On Fire!
Napoleon’s Defeat
Coalition took advantage of weakness Defeated
NapoleonBattle of Leipzig
Napoleon surrendered
Exiled on ElbaHe escaped
Louis XVIII is king
Not a smooth transition: economic depression, fear, émigrés looked
for revenge
Unpopular
1815, Napoleon back 2 France = Louis flees.
The Hundred Days
Napoleon en-route to Final Exile -St. Helena
• Battle of Waterloo - loses• British and Prussian armies
crush the French • Napoleon is again forced to
exile - St. Helena• Died in 1821
•After Napoleon • France brings BACK King Louis
XVIII & Limited Monarchy
Accomplishments of Napoleon
Napoleonic Code
Central State with Constitution
Elections with expanded suffrage
Increased access to property
Access to education
Created feelings of nationalism
Abolition of HRE lead to the creation of Germany
The Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna
Series of meetings in ViennaVery Conservative
Wanted things to stay the same Participants:
Austria, Russia, Britain, France
Main Goal: create lasting peace and stability in
Europe
Congress of Vienna Prevent Future aggression (Balance of
Power) Made small countries stronger Prevents France from trying to take them
over
Balance of Power: Weakened France: surrounded France with
strong countries Not powerless
Restoring Monarchs: wanted monarchies back Louis XVIII back in power in France Thought this would prevent turmoil