Ocean Biogeographic Information System

Ward AppeltansProject manager OBIS

IODE ProgrammeIOC-UNESCO

VISION:To be the most comprehensive Gateway to the

World’s Ocean Biodiversity and Biogeographic data and information required to address pressing coastal and world ocean concerns

MISSION:

To build and maintain a global alliance that collaborates with scientific communities to facilitate free and open access to, and application of, biodiversity and biogeographic data and information on marine life.

VISION / MISSION

CBD-Aichi 2020Biodiversity Targets

Target 19By 2020, knowledge, the science base and technologies relating to biodiversity, its values, functioning, status and trends, and the consequences of its loss, are improved, widely shared and transferred, and applied.

iOBIS

SG-OBIS

8 Task Teams

Science TT

Taxon. TT

Training TT

Data TT

Tech. TT

...

GE-OBISOBIS node

I

OBIS node II

OBIS node III

Data providers

Data providers

Data providers

OBIS node III

Data providers

Data providers

OBIS node II

OBIS node III

Data providers

Data providers

IOC Project Office for IODE/OBIS

OBIS international secretariat

Coordination of the global network Communication, awareness Support to Member States Capacity building, standards, best practices Integrated database Data access, services and tools Quality assurance

OBIS secretariat

“global coverage”

37,000,000 observations of 120,000 marine species

Progress!We are filling in the gaps

2013 has around 2.7x more depth records (almost 19Million, cf. almost 7M) compared to 2009, and the range of sample depths represented has increased slightly, from 0-10670m in 2009 to 0-10900m now.

9

Benefit Sharing: data repatriation

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

102293

23016

9349

102745

182042

266302

1106458

1327640

419965

2104304

8951

52498

0 0 0

2178

5375

310673

25848

18823

442862

743579

2573860

105964

35316

121300

10936

613595 806219 967159

records not from nat. OBIS node

records from nat. OBIS node

Developing guidelines on standards and best practices (QC tools)

Catodon (Meganeuron) krefftii Gray, 1865 (synonym)Catodon australis Wall, 1851 (synonym)Catodon colneti Gray, 1850 (synonym)Catodon macrocephalus Lacépède, 1804 (synonym)Cetus cylindricus Billberg, 1828 (synonym)Delphinus bayeri Risso, 1826 (synonym)Phiseter cylindricus Bonnaterre, 1789 (synonym)Phiseter mular Bonnaterre, 1789 (synonym)Phiseter trumpo Bonnaterre, 1789 (synonym)Physalus cylindricus Lacépède, 1804 (synonym)Physeter andersonii Borowski, 1780 (synonym)Physeter australasiensis Desmoulins, 1822 (synonym)Physeter australis Gray, 1846 (synonym)Physeter catodon Linnaeus, 1758 (synonym)Physeter maximus G. Cuvier, 1798 (synonym)Physeter microps Linnaeus, 1758 (synonym)Physeter microps rectidentatus Kerr, 1792 (synonym)Physeter novaeangliae Borowski, 1780 (synonym)Physeter orthodon Lacépède, 1804 (synonym)Physeter tursio Linnaeus, 1758 (synonym)Physeterus sulcatus Lacépède, 1818 (synonym)Tursio vulgaris Fleming, 1822 (synonym)

Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758

Tools for taxonomic quality control

Developing guidelines on standards and best practices (QC tools)

Example dataset “Marine Turtles”:sightings and strandings of marine turtles around the coast of UK and Ireland”

Outliers due to missing of minus sign. Corrections made after consultation data provider.

Tools for geographic quality control

Developing guidelines on standards and best practices (QC tools)

Tools for quality control based on environmental/habitat parameter rangesSalinity

temperature

depth

Colonies & sites

Forecasting / Models

OBIS-SEAMAP supports multiple data types

Ship & aerial surveys

Telemetry tracking

Acoustic

PhotoID

Genetics

Survey tracks

Data is presented for use cases

- Ecosystem- MPA- Wind Planning- Other regions

coming

Number of records per MPA

Quick summaries on click

Species checklists for a region

Detail views of data

Precalculated biodiversity

On the fly biodiversity calculations in OBIS-SEAMAP

Choosing a taxa and Region (Aves, North Sea)

Number of records

Number of species recorded in each year

Aves data, constrained

Biodiversity indexes calculated for region

Aves data, constrained

Defined polygons work the same way

No data for year

Biodiversity in North Sea by season

Bird biodiversity is higher in winter

Adding species richness to species diversity calculations

Compare number of records to biodiversity

~ 64000 records used to calculated biodiv,

for 1984

Invasive species

Source: OBIS, 2013

First record in Germany in 1979

Wide spread in NW EU

Ensis directus (razor shell)

Aichi Target 9 By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority species are controlled or eradicated, and measures are in place to manage pathways to prevent their introduction and establishment.

lionfish

Before 2000 NOW widespread in Caribbean

Species distribution modeling (aquamaps)

Flathead mullet (point data)

Species distribution modeling (aquamaps)

Flathead mullet (native range)

Species distribution modeling (aquamaps)

Flathead mullet (Year 2050 range)

34

Trendylyzer

Discovering trends in community structure/species composition

Major problems: Data gaps: temporal, geographic

and taxonomic scope Sampling bias Few long-term time series data

Discovering trends in community structure/species composition

Major problems: Most species are rare, or difficult to observe Still many new species discoveries creates noise in trends Which species are most common, and do

have enough data?

Discovering trends in community structure/species composition

For each species:1. Nr of observations2. Nr of individuals per observation3. Nr of observations per dataset4. Nr of datasets5. Nr of geographical cells6. Temporal frequency of the observations Normalizing => relative commonness. Create score or rank by taxonomic group Make selection of species for which we do

have enough data to detect trends

Defining (relative) commonness of species

High variation among terms, so each term separately will yield different ranks

Results

20 most common species per decade for 10 different taxonomic groups

Results

Results

Results

Fulmar

PEAK based on Nr of records

Results

FulmarLosing its common species status among the seabirds?

?

CBD Aichi Target 11

EBSA VME PSSA Natura2000 MPA UNESCO WHS UNESCO Biospheres …

10% of coastal and marine areas are conserved/managed sustainably by 2020…

CBD-COP10 listed OBIS as a key source of information for the identification of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) part of CBD

Areas of high biodiversity

Areas of special importance for the life history of a

species

Areas of significant naturalness

Areas of uniqueness or rarity

46

Ecologically or Biologically Significant marine Areas (EBSAs)

47

Ecologically or Biologically Significant marine Areas (EBSAs)

The Caribbean

REVIEW OF THE KNOWN2004-2010

Coastal diversity by longitude at~11º N

Caribbean Marine biodiversity ~12,100 species

Taxonomic group # species %Macroalgae 561 4.6Sponges 519 4.3Corals and related 994 8.2Polychaete worms 671 5.6Molluscs 3032 25.1Crustaceans 2916 24.1Echinoderms 438 3.6Fish 1539 12.7TOTAL 10670 88.3

VegetationInvertebrates

Vertebrates

~62% represented by molluscs, crustaceans, and fish

Caribbean: species accumulation curveEchinoderms, fishes, mollusks

Fishes: 1539 speciesMollusks: 3032 species

The “best known” groups are far from reaching an asymptote: much more to discover

Echinoderms: 438 speciesNot much more to discover? Unlikely….

Caribbean fish records

Caribbean deep sea

records>200m

Caribbean diversity: MDS by country/ecoregion Does species composition follow

the Spalding (2007) ecoregional model?

High homogeneity among ecoregions: particular exceptions

64 - Eastern Caribbean65 - Greater Antilles66 - Southern Caribbean67 - Southwestern Caribbean68 - Western Caribbean

Tropical Northwestern Atlantic Province

Country contribution to regional diversity

Caribbean diversity by ecoregionSponges, corals, mollusks, amphipods, echinoderms

Ecoregion Total species

Coastline length (km)

Species / km coast

Greater Antilles 2781 (*) 8477 33

South Western 2129 3880 55

Western 1664 2089 80

Southern 1615 3444 47

Eastern 1441 1322 109 (*)

Caribbean LME

Stations with data in OBIS

Caribbean LME

Caribbean LME

Caribbean LME

Caribbean LME

Caribbean LME

OBIS could be the platform to publish and distribute biodiversity data

Global OBIS can provide more biodiversity/biogeographic data than a single country/institution

Data providers keep the ownership of the data (OBIS receives the rights to publish)

OBIS can provide dedicated webservices for the CMA OBIS can provide national/regional reporting tools

(indicators on biodiversity, species richness, trends and time series)

OBIS & CMA

Marine Biodiversity + Management

Marine Biodiversity + Planning

Marine BiodiversityRocks!!!

Souce: Web of Science

Marine Biodiversity + Conservation

OBIS node National Oceanographic Data Centre Associate Data Unit (ADU)

Or become data provider to existing OBIS node

Contact Eduardo Klein (Caribbean OBIS node manager)

Join OBIS