Post on 04-Jun-2018
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NUTRITIONAL DISEASES/DISORDERS
MANIFESTATION
* OVER NUTRITION
* UNDER NUTRITION
* MALNUTRITION
CAUSES :COMPLEX
* GENETICS
* ENVIRONMENT* CULTURAL
* PSYCHOLOGICAL
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DASAR Tak langsung LangsungMISKIN Penghasilan
PENDIDIKANRENDAH
KesediaanPangan
Pola Asuh
Anak
Akses thdPelayananKesehatan
InfeksiPenyakit
Asupan
gizi/makanan
Statusgizi
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CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRITION DISORDERS
1. PRIMARY
Inadequate intake
Low food consumption
Defie of vit
- IDD (GAKY)- Anemia
Overnutrition due to over eating
2. SECONDARY
Intake good but
DigestionAbsorption disturbed
Utilization
Excretion
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WHAT HAPPENS IF INTAKE IS NOT ADEQUATE
(Below Requ irement ? )
STAGES :
1. Body reserve is used
eg. - Vit A Depo in Liver
Can last for 3 months
- Vit C in tissue reserve
Lasts only for few days
TISSUE DEPLETION
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2 . IF TISSUE RESERVE IS ALL USED
Biochemical changes
OCCUR
If not supplied, it will be followed with :3. Physio logical changes
Due to metabolism disturbances
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eg. B1in CHO Mtabolism
* Zn in many Enzim activities* Vit A in adaptation process
4. Anatomical changes
* Tissue defect- Bitots spot
- Xerrosis conjuction
- Bleeding gUMS- (blood vessel fragility )
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Inadequacy
BCh Phych AnatchTissue depletion
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FACTORS INFUENCING TISSUE DEPLETION
A mount of tissue reserves High vs Low
Degree of in adequacy mild vs moderate vs severe
Degree of requirement
Interact to produce
Biochemical, and clinical sign & symptoms
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Type o f Nutr i t ional Defic iences
1. Acu te vs Ch ron ic
- Depends on the VELOCITY of the inadequacy
& pathologie lesions- Acute : easily treated
- Chronic : improvement is slow
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2. Mild vs Severe
- depends on degree & intensity of tissue
changes/destruction
- Brings clinical implication
- mild - acute :
- acute- severe prognosis is different
- mild chronic
- severe chronic
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Eg. Acute B1defie
* head retraction in birds
* Death in few days
* Given B1quickly, recovered with no sequale
3. DURATION/LENGTH of INADEQUACY
Days, months, year
* Long duration : worse response
* Short duration : better response
eg. - Mild poly neuropathy for years
- Severe poly neuropathy for days/months
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B iochem ical changes
Detected through :
Enzyme test precence of pathological substances in
blood/urine
Blood Markers- T3-T4(defie Iodine)
- Serum ferritin (iron defie)
- Serum vit A/retinol (vit A defie)
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Phys iolog ical /Func t ional changes
Found as :
1. Subjective Complaints
- Weakness
- Low concentration
- Low Peristaltic movement
- Stomach gas increase
2. Objective Findings
- Low Physiological reflex
- Phathological reflex present
- Low dark adaptation ability
- Low Hb
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ANATOMICAL CHANGES
1. Found as the farthest end of deficiency.
2. Can be seen micros or macros copically in organs
- Conjuctiva
- Cornea
- Gums
- Tongue
- Liver
- Epithelial linings