Nutrient management as impacted

by diet & mgmt

G. Erickson, T. Klopfenstein,

R. Koelsch, & many students

Intake

Excretion

Intake-Retention=Excretion

Excretion in feces & urine

Retained nutrients

10-15%

• Soil core samples (15 cm)

• Runoff events quantified

and sampled

• Manure removed

Weighed, sampled, analyzed

• Soil core samples

• N retention calculated using

NRC equations

Methods nutrient balance experiments

Methods Nutrient balance experiments

• intake - retention = excretion

• manure, soil balance, runoff

• N losses calculated as difference:

•N lost = N excretion-N manure-N soil-N runoff

Mass Balance, kg•steer -1

7.80

6.52

5.22

7.24

6.12

5.17

0

2

4

6

8

CON 15WDGS 30WDGS

P i

nta

ke

Winter Summer

WINTER Linear P < 0.01

SUMMER Linear P < 0.01

3.88

5.13

6.37

3.77

4.62

5.76

0

2

4

6

8

CON 15WDGS 30WDGS

P e

xcre

tio

n

Winter Summer

Mass Balance, kg•steer -1

WINTER Linear P < 0.01

SUMMER Linear P < 0.01

0

2

4

6

8

P d

iffe

ren

ce

Winter Summer

Excretion and Soil Correction

CON 15WDGS 30WDGS

Seasonal Feeding Period

Comparison of Percent N Lost

69.0%

47.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Summer Winter

N lost, %

Reducing N losses

• Reduce amount of N intake

• Improve C:N ratio in manure

– Decrease diet digestibility

– Promote hindgut fermentation

– Amendment

• Decrease pH of pen surface

• Remove manure more frequently

• Storage and handling

N intake1 28.9a 35.5b 42.9c 0.5 < 0.01

N retention 4.6 4.9 4.9 0.1 0.16

N excretion1 24.3a 30.5b 38.0c 0.5 < 0.01

1 Linear effect WDGS Level (P < 0.05) a,b,c Means within a row with unlike superscripts differ (P < 0.05)

0 15 30 SEM P-value

WDGS Level

Feeding distillers Summer, kg•steer -1

Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. A. Greenquist. 2008.

Nutrient mass balance and performance of feedlot cattle fed wet distillers grains.

Nebraska Beef Rep. MP91:53-56.

Manure N1 9.0 9.7 10.0 2.3 0.89

Runoff N 1.25 0.87 1.53 0.54 0.53

N lost1 14.1a 20.0b 26.5c 2.3 <0.01

N loss, % 58.1 65.6 69.6 7.2 0.32 1 Linear effect WDGS Level (P < 0.05) a,b,c Means within a row with unlike superscripts differ (P < 0.05)

0 15 30 SEM P-value

WDGS Level

Feeding distillers Summer, kg•steer -1

Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. A. Greenquist. 2008.

Nutrient mass balance and performance of feedlot cattle fed wet distillers grains.

Nebraska Beef Rep. MP91:53-56.

N intake1 31.5a 36.2b 44.6c 0.7 < 0.01

N retention1 5.8 6.1 6.3 0.2 0.08

N excretion1,2 25.6a 30.1b 38.4c 0.7 < 0.01

1 Linear Effect WDGS Level (P < 0.05) 2 Quadratic Effect (P < 0.05) a,b,c Means within a row with unlike superscripts differ (P < 0.05)

0 15 30 SEM P-value

WDGS Level

Feeding distillers Winter, kg•steer -1

Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. A. Greenquist. 2008.

Nutrient mass balance and performance of feedlot cattle fed wet distillers grains.

Nebraska Beef Rep. MP91:53-56.

Manure N* 8.4 10.3 11.2 1.4 0.16

N lost1 14.1a 19.2b 21.1b 2.1 0.03

N loss, % 55.1 63.8 55.0 6.8 0.37

*Linear Effect WDGS Level (P = 0.07)

1 Linear Effect WDGS Level (P < 0.05)

a,b,c Means within a row with unlike superscripts differ (P < 0.05)

0 15 30 SEM P-value

WDGS Level

Feeding distillers Winter, kg•steer -1

Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. A. Greenquist. 2008.

Nutrient mass balance and performance of feedlot cattle fed wet distillers grains.

Nebraska Beef Rep. MP91:53-56.

Adding carbon, winter/spring

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Pe

rce

nt

N l

os

s

CONTROL BRAN SAWDUST

a,b P < 0.01

a

b b

Adams, J. R., T. B. Farran, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, and C. B. Wilson. 2004.

Effect of organic matter addition to the pen surface and pen cleaning frequency on nitrogen balance

in open feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. 82:2153-2163.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

CONTROL BRAN SAWDUST

Pe

rce

nt

N l

os

s

Adding carbon, summer

Adams, J. R., T. B. Farran, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, and C. B. Wilson. 2004.

Effect of organic matter addition to the pen surface and pen cleaning frequency on nitrogen balance

in open feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. 82:2153-2163.

-48 -28 -8 12 32-45 -24 -16 -8 0 8 16 24 32 40

Uri

ne p

H

DCAD

5.5

6.5

7.5

8.5

9.5 LAMBS 11 treatments

STEERS 4 treatments, DRC

STEERS 4 treatments, WDGS

-16

+20

Luebbe et. al., 2008. Midwest ASAS abstract

DCAD

18.8

12.9

39.1

17.7

14.0

40.8

2.9

2.0

5.9

0.73

0.59

0.78

Manure N

N lost

N loss, %

8.40 8.80 0.06 <0.01 Manure pH

DCAD

NEG1 POS1 SEM P-value

Luebbe et. al., 2008. Midwest ASAS abstract

1 NEG = -16, POS = +20

11.7

19.5

61.3

11.1

21.4

64.6

1.5

1.0

3.7

0.67

0.07

0.39

Manure N

N lost

N loss, %

Luebbe et. al., 2008. National ASAS abstract

DCAD

7.70 8.12 0.07 <0.01 Manure pH

NEG1 POS1 SEM P-value

1 NEG = -16, POS = +20

9.7

16.7

5.7

20.7

0

5

10

15

20

25monthly

end cleaning

N v

alu

e,

kg

/ste

er

Manure N, kg N loss, kg

63.6%

78.4%

2001 data, 54 pens

Cleaning Frequency

Wilson, C. B., G. E. Erickson, C. N. Macken, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2004. Impact of Cleaning

Frequency on Nitrogen Balance in Open Feedlot Pens. Nebr. Beef Cattle Rep. MP 80-A:72.

Cleaning Frequency

9.7

12.1

7.2

15.2

0

5

10

15

20monthly

end cleaning

N v

alu

e,

kg

/ste

er

Manure N, kg N loss, kg

55.5%

68.0%

2002 data, 48 pens

Wilson, C. B., G. E. Erickson, C. N. Macken, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2004. Impact of Cleaning

Frequency on Nitrogen Balance in Open Feedlot Pens. Nebr. Beef Cattle Rep. MP 80-A:72.

• Fresh

• Stockpiling

• Composting

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

0 69 0 83 42 83 42 104 69 104

g/k

g D

M

abc c bc d c e bc e a a

Stockpile Compost

0 42 69 83 104

Day Storage*Day P<0.01 Storage P<0.01 a,b,c,d,e P < 0.05

Manure Handling

Luebbe et. al., 2008. Aerobic composting or anaerobic stockpiling of feedlot manure. Neb. Beef Rep. MP91:56-58.

Luebbe et. al., 2009. Composting or stockpiling feedlot manure: Nutrient concentration and recovery. MP92:96-98.

FNMP$

Excretion

Animal Ration

& Performance

Storage, land

appl., and manure

characteristics

Time

(Equipment &

Labor) & $s

Manure

Management

Crop

System

Economics

Modules within

Software

Equipment

Characteristics

Land for

agronomic

application

Inputs Outputs

Crop Rotation,

N vs. P-Rates

Nutrients

CONTACT: Galen Erickson

C220 Animal Science

geericks@unlnotes.unl.edu

PH: 402 472-6402

Geisert, B. G., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, M.K. Luebbe, and J.C. MacDonald. 2010. Phosphorus requirement and excretion of phosphorus for finishing beef cattle. J.

Anim. Sci. (accepted).

Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. A. Greenquist. 2010. Nutrient mass balance and performance of feedlot cattle fed corn wet distillers grains plus solubles. J. Anim.

Sci. (accepted).

Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. A. Greenquist, and J. R. Benton. 2010. Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on urinary pH, feedlot performance, nitrogen mass

balance and manure pH in open feedlot pens. J. Anim. Sci. (accepted).

Erickson, G. E., and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2010. Nutritional and management methods to decrease nitrogen losses from beef feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. 88:E172-E180.

Bremer, V. R., A. J. Liska, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, H. S. Yang, D. T. Walters, and K. G. Cassman. 2010. Emissions savings in the corn-ethanol life cycle from feeding co-products

to livestock. J. Environ. Qual. 39:472-482.

Liska, A. J., H. S. Yang, V. R. Bremer, T. J. Klopfenstein, D. T. Walters, G. E. Erickson, and K. G. Cassman. 2009. Improvements in life cycle energy efficiency and greenhouse gas

emissions of corn-ethanol. J. Industrial Ecology 13:58-74.

Farran, T. B., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, and R. U. Lindquist. 2006. Wet corn gluten feed and alfalfa hay levels in dry-rolled corn finishing diets: Effects on finishing

performance and feedlot nitrogen balance. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1205-1214.

Adams, J. R., T. B. Farran, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, and C. B. Wilson. 2004. Effect of organic matter addition to the pen surface and pen cleaning frequency on

nitrogen balance in open feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. 82:2153-2163.

Block, H. C., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein. 2004. Review: Re-evaluation of phosphorus requirements and phosphorus retention of feedlot cattle. Prof. Anim. Scient. 20:319-329.

Erickson, G. E., T. J. Klopfenstein, C. T. Milton, D. Brink, M. W. Orth, and K. M. Whittet. 2002. Phosphorus requirement of finishing feedlot calves. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1690-1695.

Erickson, G. E., and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2001. Managing N inputs and the effect on N volatilization following excretion in open-dirt feedlots in Nebraska. Nitrogen in the Environment,

TheScientificWorld, URL: http://www.thescientificworld.com 1(S1): 830-835.

Erickson, G. E., and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2001. Nutritional methods to decrease N volatilization from open-dirt feedlots in Nebraska. Nitrogen in the Environment, TheScientificWorld, URL:

http://www.thescientificworld.com 1(S1): 836-843.

Erickson, G. E., T. J. Klopfenstein, C. T. Milton, D. Hanson, and C. Calkins. 1999. Effect of dietary phosphorus on finishing steer performance, bone status, and carcass maturity. J. Anim.

Sci. 77:2832-2836.

Bierman, S., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, R. A. Stock, and D. H. Shain. 1999. Evaluation of nitrogen and organic matter balance in the feedlot as affected by level and source of

dietary fiber. J. Anim. Sci. 77:1645-1653.

Overfeeding protein increases N losses

Nutrition may:

decrease N inputs by 10 to 20%

reduces N excretion by 12 to 21%

reduces N volatilization by 15 to 33%

Based on annual occupancy, lose 50% of N excreted

• 53.5% annually for Control, or 103 g/hd/d

• 48.2% annually for Phase, or 78 g/hd/d

2 year (4 turns) summary

Protein level

Erickson & Klopfenstein, 2001a In: Nitrogen in the Environment, TheScientificWorld

Losses are ~50% of excreted N

Greater in summer, less in the winter

Equates to ~0.25 lb per head per day

What we have evaluated:

• Diet Protein

• Increase organic matter

• Clean more frequently

• Acidify manure

• Distillers grains

• Manure storage

Conclusions