Nuclear Chemistry

Mr. SkirbstPhysical Science

Topic 21

Nuclear Chemistry

Radioactivity -

Nuclear Chemistry

Radioactivity – - a release of matter and energy

that changes the nucleus of an atom

3 Types of Radiation

1. Alpha particles

3 Types of Radiation

1. Alpha particles (+) 2 protons & 2 neutrons- can burn skin, but is stopped by paper

3 Types of Radiation

2. Beta particles

3 Types of Radiation

2. Beta particles (-) 1 electron & (+) 1 proton

(from neutron decay)- can penetrate 3 mm of Al

3 Types of Radiation

3. Gamma Rays

3 Types of Radiation3. Gamma Rays

an electromagnetic wave (no charge)- penetrates several centimeters of Pb (lead)

3 Types of Radiation

Type At. Mass Charge 4 +0 -0 0

Nuclear Stability

Describes the “strength” of the nucleus

Nuclear Stability

Binding Energy- nuclear force that holds the nucleus together

Nuclear Stability

Radioactive Decay- unstable nucleus breaks down & releases energy & matter

Nuclear Stability

2 Types of Decay:Alpha decay-releases (2P & 2N)Beta decay- releases (1E & 1P from 1N)

Nuclear Stability

Decay type at. Mass at. #

-4 -2

same +1

Nuclear Stability

Half Life:- time it takes for ½ the atoms to decay

Nuclear Stability

Nuclear Notation:

Nuclear Stability

Decay Series:- Illustrates radioactive decay

Nuclear Energy

Fission – splitting of atomic nucleus

Nuclear Energy

Fusion – combining of atomic nucleus