Post on 11-May-2015
description
1
UNIT 2 CHAPTER 5
Attitudes and Emotions
1
2
Interpreting Events and Experiences
Your experience is what happens to you and
what happens in the world around you.
3
How you interpret that experience has an
enormous influence on your daily life and
your future as a leader.
4
These people made crucial decisions based
on what they believed they were capable of
doing. Their early life experiences helped
them realize their potential.
PresidentAbraham Lincoln
Civil-rights ActivistRosa Parks
InventorThomas Edison
5
What an individual is capable of
doing or becoming
Potential
6
These respected people frequently speak
today about how experiences early in their
lives helped them decide what they wanted
to do as an adult.
GeneralColin Powell
ActressMeryl Streep
SenatorJohn McCain
7
That’s not to say people who achieve
greatness never make mistakes—they’ll
admit they’ve made plenty!
GeneralColin Powell
ActressMeryl Streep
SenatorJohn McCain
8
They became the result of their potential.
As one old saying puts it, “As the twig is
bent, so grows the tree.”
GeneralColin Powell
ActressMeryl Streep
SenatorJohn McCain
9
A. Events that happen to you and in
the world around you
B. Reasons why you become fully
developed and reach your potential
C. Responses you have to your
thoughts and the actions of other
people
D. Interpretations you give to your
relationship with others
What is experience?
10
A. Events that happen to you and in
the world around you
B. Reasons why you become fully
developed and reach your potential
C. Responses you have to your
thoughts and the actions of other
people
D. Interpretations you give to your
relationship with others
What is experience?
11
A. made them believe they could
accomplish anything
B. convinced them that the world
presented too many obstacles
C. helped them determine their adult
goals
D. helped them avoid making mistakes
as an adult
Many respected people have revealed
how youthful experiences _______.
12
A. made them believe they could
accomplish anything
B. convinced them that the world
presented too many obstacles
C. helped them determine their adult
goals
D. helped them avoid making mistakes
as an adult
Many respected people have revealed
how youthful experiences _______.
13
Growing up isn’t just about getting older.
You may think it is because for some
things, such as getting a driver’s license,
age alone is an important requirement.
14
It means learning what’s required to
develop a positive attitude and then
putting that attitude to use to meet life’s
challenges.
The reality of growing up and reaching
maturity is much more…
14
15
The state of being fully grown or
developed
Maturity
16
Reaching maturity is the process of bringing
your personality and experience to bear on
your life in a positive, constructive way.
16
17
What an individual is inside and
what he or she shows to others;
it includes actions, opinions,
beliefs, biases, desires, and
ambitions.
Personality
18
Attaining maturity
means becoming
more aware of
your:
• Abilities
• Goals
• Place in the World
19
Maturity also means
understanding how
your attitudes and
behaviors influence
others.
20
A. life’s goal
B. positive attitude
C. satisfying career
D. strong will
Growing up involves developing a
_______ and then using it to meet
life’s challenges.
21
A. life’s goal
B. positive attitude
C. satisfying career
D. strong will
Growing up involves developing a
_______ and then using it to meet
life’s challenges.
22
Attitude and
your personality
are two different
things.
Experience shapes
your personality,
which is the
foundation of your
attitudes and
behaviors.
23
An attitude, however, is rooted in
your thoughts, feelings, or beliefs
and greatly affects how you view
and treat a particular situation.
Attitude is a state of mind!
24
A behavior is an action that others can see
you doing based both on your personality
and your attitude at the given time.
25
You will become more aware of how your
attitudes and behaviors make you who you
are and who you are becoming because of
your experience.
26
Some people humorously define experience
as “that thing you get just after you need
it.” This observation is, ironically, not too
far from the truth.
27
and just as a skier
usually does better
the second time down
a course, you’ll learn
to make better
decisions as you
mature.
Your experiences act
as a rudder as you
navigate the course
of your life,
28
• Where you want to go
• What you want to do
• Who you want to be.
As you mature, you
become better able
to interpret events
and use your ever
growing number of
experiences to
make better
decisions about:
29
True or False: Attitude and personality
are the same thing.
30
False
True or False: Attitude and personality
are the same thing.
31
The Importance of a Positive Outlook
on Life
“Always look on the bright side of life.”
“Let a smile be your umbrella.”
“When life gives you lemons, make
lemonade!”
32
You no doubt heard people say, “Colin has
such an attitude,” or “Cassandra is copping
a real “tude.”
These everyday phrases emphasize the
importance of having a positive outlook on
life .
33
How would their ongoing bad attitudes affect
your friendship with Colin or Cassandra? ”
Those observations reflect negatively on
Colin and Cassandra. Why?
34
Remember, your attitude is rooted in your
thoughts, feelings, and beliefs and is your
“slant” or “angle” on life.
Your Attitude is a Compass
35
This “slant” determines your outlook and
approach to life and like a compass—you
go in the direction the needle points.
36
Your attitude is largely under your control.
Attitude is not something you are born with.
37
You can change your attitude and mood
simply by changing how you think and
talk.
Some experts say that
you can “program”
your attitude as you do
a computer, by
repeatedly thinking and
saying positive things
about yourself and
others.
38
Your attitude follows your behavior. If
you do positive things, you’ll slowly
develop a more positive attitude.
39
A. attitude
B. personality
C. behavior
D. experience
A person’s _______ is his/her “slant”
or “angle” on life.
40
A. attitude
B. personality
C. behavior
D. experience
A person’s _______ is his/her “slant”
or “angle” on life.
41
A. Thinking positive things about
yourself
B. Saying positive things about others
C. Doing positive things
D. Wishing positive things would
happen
Which one of these behaviors is NOT
a method of changing an attitude?
42
A. Thinking positive things about
yourself
B. Saying positive things about others
C. Doing positive things
D. Wishing positive things would
happen
Which one of these behaviors is NOT
a method of changing an attitude?
43
In 1969 psychologist
Thomas Anthony Harris
wrote a book called I'm
OK, You're OK. His
idea was that “you are
what you think” was
and still is very simple,
yet it reflects what
millions of people have
experienced
throughout their lives.
I’m Ok, You’re Ok.
44
He summarize personality as one of four life
positions or attitudes:
1. I'm not OK, you're OK—disapproving of
yourself, approving of others
45
He summarize personality as one of four life
positions or attitudes:
1. I'm not OK, you're OK—disapproving of
yourself, approving of others
2. I'm not OK, you're not OK—disapproving of
both yourself and others
46
He summarize personality as one of four life
positions or attitudes:
1. I'm not OK, you're OK—disapproving of
yourself, approving of others
2. I'm not OK, you're not OK—disapproving of
both yourself and others
3. I'm OK, you're not OK—approving of
yourself, disapproving of others
47
He summarize personality as one of four life
positions or attitudes:
1. I'm not OK, you're OK—disapproving of
yourself, approving of others
2. I'm not OK, you're not OK—disapproving of
both yourself and others
3. I'm OK, you're not OK—approving of
yourself, disapproving of others
4. I'm OK, you're OK—approving of yourself
and others.
48
A. Disapproval of yourself, approval of
others
B. Disapproval of both yourself and
others
C. Approval of both yourself and
others
D. Approval of yourself, disapproval of
others
What thoughts describe the “I’m not
OK, you’re not OK” attitude?
49
A. Disapproval of yourself, approval of
others
B. Disapproval of both yourself and
others
C. Approval of both yourself and
others
D. Approval of yourself, disapproval of
others
What thoughts describe the “I’m not
OK, you’re not OK” attitude?
50
Most people hold
Attitude #1:
"I'm not OK, you're OK."
According to Harris…
These people might lack self-esteem or
self-confidence. They feel inferior to other
people.
51
would not tend to “look on the bright
side.” Such a person would need to do
a lot of work to be happy.
According to Harris…
Someone with
Attitude #2,
“I’m not OK,
you’re not OK”
52
might have suffered from abuse or trauma
as children, and the effects of that abuse
still influence their relationships with other
people.
According to Harris…
People with Attitude #3,
"I'm OK, you're not OK.”
53
is the attitude of a healthy,
well-adjusted individual.
Attitude #4,
“I’m OK, you’re
OK.”
According to Harris…
54
A. Approval of both themselves and
others
B. Approval of themselves, disapproval
of others
C. Disapproval of both themselves and
others
D. Disapproval of themselves, approval
of others
According to Thomas Anthony Harris,
which attitude would belong to people
who lack self-esteem or self-confidence?
55
A. Approval of both themselves and
others
B. Approval of themselves, disapproval
of others
C. Disapproval of both themselves and
others
D. Disapproval of themselves, approval
of others
According to Thomas Anthony Harris,
which attitude would belong to people
who lack self-esteem or self-confidence?
56
Mr. Harris believed
that no matter how
“un-OK” your
attitude is to start
with, you can change
it for the better.
Anyone can move to
Attitude #4.
57
True or False: According to Thomas
Anthony Harris, with effort everyone
can achieve an attitude of “I’m OK,
you’re OK.”
58
True
True or False: According to Thomas
Anthony Harris, with effort everyone
can achieve an attitude of “I’m OK,
you’re OK.”
59
The Value of a Positive Attitude
Why is a positive attitude important?
One good reason is that it increases the
chances that others will like you.
60
People enjoy spending time with individuals
who express positive attitudes. They tend to
avoid individuals with an ongoing negative
attitude.
61
Psychologists use the term toxic personalities
to refer to people who never have a nice thing
to say about anyone or anything.
62
Ups and downs are a normal part of life. So if
your friend Aaron is in a “down” mood from
time to time, you try to cheer him up, and he
does the same for you.
63
Negative Attitude!
A toxic—or poisonous—attitude can rub off
on others without their even being aware of
it.
64
The old saying, “If you lie down with dogs,
you’ll get up with fleas,” points at an important
truth: Bad habits, poor behaviors, and negative
attitudes can be contagious.
Pick your friends wisely!
65
A. Someone with a toxic personality has
occasional negative moods.
B. Spending time with negative people can
affect your own attitude for the worse.
C. People tend to avoid people with
negative attitudes.
D. Having a positive attitude makes it more
likely that people will want to be around
you.
Which of the following statements is NOT
true regarding attitudes?
66
A. Someone with a toxic personality has
occasional negative moods.
B. Spending time with negative people can
affect your own attitude for the worse.
C. People tend to avoid people with
negative attitudes.
D. Having a positive attitude makes it more
likely that people will want to be around
you.
Which of the following statements is NOT
true regarding attitudes?
67
A good attitude is essential for leaders.
68
Good leaders know
that “throwing out
positive vibes” is
essential to gaining
respect and
encouraging others
to follow them.
Positive
Attitude!
69
A. stay active and avoid laziness
B. choose their friends wisely
C. keep motivated and goal-oriented
D. make sure their attitude stays
positive
The saying, “If you lie down with
dogs, you’ll get up with fleas,” is
warning people to _______.
70
A. stay active and avoid laziness
B. choose their friends wisely
C. keep motivated and goal-oriented
D. make sure their attitude stays
positive
The saying, “If you lie down with
dogs, you’ll get up with fleas,” is
warning people to _______.
7171
How Perspective Molds Your
Understanding Of Life
You look at things in your own
individual way. That’s what makes you
unique—an individual.
72
You see the world in a way that only you can
and add a perspective to your community
that only you can provide.
73
An individual’s way of seeing the
world
Perspective
74
Diversity of views is one of the things that
make human beings so interesting. The ability
to share and compare the vast range of
experiences is what has furthered mankind
more than any other species on Earth and is
the basis for all of modern society.
75
Your perspective is your “take” on
the world—your worldview.
76
Your perspective includes your insight into
people, things, and events, driving the way
you interpret your life experiences.
77
Your perspective helps form your attitudes
and personality, guiding your behavior and
further defining who you are as an
individual.
78
A. Attitude
B. Personality
C. Opinion
D. Perspective
What term is used to refer to each
individual’s unique view of the world?
79
A. Attitude
B. Personality
C. Opinion
D. Perspective
What term is used to refer to each
individual’s unique view of the world?
80
Others of you may
be saying, “I know
everything I’ll ever
need to know and
I’ve got the right
idea of how things
work.”
Some of you may be
saying, “I’m just in
high school, I really
don’t have enough
experience to have a
truly unique
perspective.”
Both of these perspectives are right in
their own way, and both are wrong.
81
As a student you are in a lively and
interesting world of discovery that you
largely determine for yourself, so you
really do know how things work for you.
82
But, you still have
many experiences
and exciting things to
look forward to like:
• Getting your driver’s
license
• Getting a part-time
job
• Dating
• Graduating.
83
On the longer-term
perspective, you may
look forward to:
• going to college
• getting a job
• marrying
• raising a family.
84
In thefar distant future, you may be
looking to retire to a home on the beach
or a cabin in the woods somewhere.
85
Maturity will broaden your views on the
world, or another way of saying it is that
life is like climbing a mountain: the higher
you get, the farther you can see.
86
As you mature and
accumulate
experience, you’ll
start thinking about
how you formed your
unique perspective.
8787
Human beings have done this since the
beginning of history.
The ancient Greek philosophers thought
that the yearning for self-understanding
was as essential to human life as food
and water.
Plato SocratesAristotle
88
A. The happiest people spend the least
amount of time in philosophical musings.
B. People have a greater need to understand
other people than to understand
themselves.
C. People are reluctant to consider their
negative traits and shortcomings.
D. All people have a longing and a need to
understand themselves.
What did the ancient Greek philosophers
believe about human beings and perspective?
89
A. The happiest people spend the least
amount of time in philosophical musings.
B. People have a greater need to understand
other people than to understand
themselves.
C. People are reluctant to consider their
negative traits and shortcomings.
D. All people have a longing and a need to
understand themselves.
What did the ancient Greek philosophers
believe about human beings and perspective?
90
It’s natural for you to want to understand
why you are thinking and doing certain
things at your age.
91
In grasping the purpose
behind your perspective,
you’ll gradually begin to see
how a healthy, well-rounded,
fair-minded perspective can
guide you in your:
• Studies
• Career
• Friendships
• Family relationships
• Future.
92
Right now, your
perspective may be
based largely on the
influence of your:
• Peers
• Parents
• Guardians
• Friends
• Teachers
These influences give you a good foundation
for growth.
93
Your friends and
family “support
your worldview,”
but questioning
assumptions is also
important.
Both are the sign of
a growing, dynamic
perspective.
94
How Perspective Molds Your Purposes,
Passions, And Practices
Your perspective drives the purposes you
strive toward; your passions, or the things
you feel strongly about, and the practices
you follow in your life.
95
This means that your
perspective will
significantly affect your
success:
• In school
• At work
• In friendships
• In family relationships.
96
True or False: Perspective has a
significant effect on a person’s
success in school, at work, and with
friends and family.
97
True
True or False: Perspective has a
significant effect on a person’s
success in school, at work, and with
friends and family.
98
People want to belong to a group or an
organization. They want to have friends—
sometimes desperately so.
By nature,
human
beings are
social
creatures.
99
The need to have friends and to belong is
particularly strong among teenagers, but
old and young people alike seek group
acceptance. This natural human
characteristic is called an affiliation need.
100
A desire to be and feel a part of
a group
Affiliation Need
101
When you are young, the desire for
affiliation can sometimes lead to actions or
behaviors that run counter to the influence
of your family and teachers.
102
You put your perspective to the test.
Sometimes peer pressure to do the wrong,
unwise, or inappropriate thing is almost
irresistible. Stick with the values that your
parents or teachers believe best.
103
The more you know yourself, and the better
you understand what you believe and why,
the better you’ll be able to pass that test.
104
A. To have children
B. To be successful at work
C. To be part of a group
D. To be loved and supported by
family
What is desired in affiliation need?
105
A. To have children
B. To be successful at work
C. To be part of a group
D. To be loved and supported by
family
What is desired in affiliation need?
106
A. Children
B. Teenagers
C. Middle aged
D. Elderly
In what age group can the need for
affiliation most often lead people to
inappropriate, wrong, or unwise
behavior?
107
A. Children
B. Teenagers
C. Middle aged
D. Elderly
In what age group can the need for
affiliation most often lead people to
inappropriate, wrong, or unwise
behavior?
108
Cultivating a Healthy Perspective
People’s beliefs and
desires help shape
their perspectives.
A belief is a strong and
deeply held idea that
forms the basis for
much of your thinking.
109
A belief can be:
• Religious
• Social
• Political
• Personal.
Cultivating A Healthy Perspective
110
A desire is something
you deeply want and is
frequently part of your
emotional and
psychological
motivation.
111
A healthy perspective requires keeping an
open mind. It also involves recognizing
the short-term and long-term effects of
mistakes or poor choices.
112
Everyone makes
mistakes—the trick is to
learn from them and
adjust your behavior not
to repeat them.
This self-correcting ability
is your ticket to success,
and it’s part of a healthy
perspective.
112
113
Want to avoid mistakes as much as
possible? Pay attention to the signs
along the road.
114
A. desires
B. values
C. emotions
D. ideas
Beliefs are strong and deeply held
_______ that shape your thinking.
115
A. desires
B. values
C. emotions
D. ideas
Beliefs are strong and deeply held
_______ that shape your thinking.
116
As you’ve matured, your affiliation need may
have led you to experiment with involvement
in various kinds of groups.
• Sport Teams
• School Clubs
You may have been encouraged to participate
in:
• Religious
Organizations
117
When it comes to affiliations, focus on the
big picture, not the immediate situation.
Some affiliations are dead-end streets.
118
Affiliations like:
• internet chat rooms
• cliques
• gangs
• secret clubs
are not a good
breeding ground for
developing a mature,
positive perspective.
118
119
can’t be good for
your developing
worldview.
Similarly,
focusing all your
attention on:
• violent movies
• music
• video games
119
120
This points to a
direct relationship
between your
experience—what
you see, hear,
touch, taste, say,
and do—and your
ever-widening
perspective on life.
In the 1985 movie Witness, one character
says, “What you take into your hands, you
take into your heart.”
120
121
Everyone has heroes in their life!
Your heroes set goals, got excited about
them, and then worked to achieve them.
You can do that, too!
Parent Coach
Teacher
122
Which of these is NOT a poor choice
for an affiliation or pastime that will
help you develop a mature, positive
perspective?
A. Internet chat rooms and adult
websites
B. Violent movies, music, and video
games
C. School club, sports team, and
religious youth organization
D. Gangs, cliques, and secret clubs
123
Which of these is NOT a poor choice
for an affiliation or pastime that will
help you develop a mature, positive
perspective?
A. Internet chat rooms and adult
websites
B. Violent movies, music, and video
games
C. School club, sports team, and
religious youth organization
D. Gangs, cliques, and secret clubs
124
How Your Actions Reveal Your Attitudes
You’ve
probably heard
the expression,
“Do as I say,
not as I do.”
125
• perspectives,
• purposes
• beliefs
and your actions:
• practices
• behaviors.
This points out the close—and at times
contradictory—relationship between
your attitudes:
126
If you’re like most people, you want your
actions to be in harmony with your attitudes.
“Walk the walk, talk the talk,” right?
127
You’d seem hypocritical or two-faced if you
expressed one attitude or belief and then
did something that was completely
contrary.
128
Another familiar saying, “Actions speak
louder than words.” Ultimately, what you do
is what counts, not what you say.
129
Your actions set your goals in motion and
help you achieve what you want to
achieve.
130
All these things may be part of how you define
success. You direct your actions to achieving
these goals.
The desire to achieve shows itself in:
MakingFriends
Making aTeam
Getting Good
Grades
MakingBand
Being Part of A Family
WinningAwards
131
A. Between parents and children
B. Between attitudes and actions
C. Between right and wrong
D. Between maturity and immaturity
The expression “Do as I say, not as I
do” demonstrates what conflict?
132
A. Between parents and children
B. Between attitudes and actions
C. Between right and wrong
D. Between maturity and immaturity
The expression “Do as I say, not as I
do” demonstrates what conflict?
133
True or False: What people say is
more powerful than how they act.
134
False
True or False: What people say is
more powerful than how they act.
135
Your actions, for better or worse, reveal
your attitudes.
You can’t separate actions from attitudes.
136
Showing up late
for:
• school
• practice
• work
sends a message
about your
attitude.
137
Dressing sloppy is not
the way to express your
individuality, and it
probably won’t score any
points with your family,
teachers, coaches, or
employer.
138
See if you can tell what each of the
following actions might say about the
person’s attitude:
• Chewing and snapping gum during a
lecture
• Conversing above a whisper during a
movie
• Failing to use “Mr.,” “Mrs.,” “Ms.,” “Sir,”
or “Ma’am” in talking with adults
• Not using a turn signal when driving
139
• Never saying “Please” and “Thank you” in
normal conversation
• Avoiding eye contact with others
• Putting your feet up on furniture
• Losing something that you’ve borrowed
from a friend
• Ignoring personal hygiene with hair, teeth,
bathing, and clothing
140
A. desires
B. values
C. goals
D. attitudes
Actions cannot be separated from
_______.
141
A. desires
B. values
C. goals
D. attitudes
Actions cannot be separated from
_______.
142
Think about your life
as a sport for a minute.
Are you a team
player?
Do you follow the
rules?
Take your shots?
What’s your attitude?
“You miss 100 percent of the
shots you don’t take.”
Said by
ice
hockey
legend
Wayne
Gretzky!
# 99
143
WINNING BREEDS
WINNING!
An achievement-focused
attitude can become a
way of life and a positive,
contagious habit.
The more you achieve,
the more you’re likely to
achieve.
144
Winning and success motivate those who
value winning to push themselves even
harder.
145
Successful leaders develop a winning
attitude not a “What’s the use?” attitude.
146
The question is, which sort of player
are you?
Are you willing to
simply throw your
fate to the wind and
hope things work
out?
Or are you going to
take charge of your
life and make it what
you want it to
become?
147
Positive and Negative Attitudes
The attitudes and behaviors of a healthy,
reasonable person are usually in harmony.
148
Positive thinkers make things happen!
He meant that if you plan
things right and have the
right attitude, you’ll attract
that mysterious power
people call “luck.”
Baseball executive Branch Ricky
once noted:
“Luck is the residue of
design.”
149
“I’m a great believer in
luck, and I find the
harder I work, the more
I have of it.”
What do you think the
message is in his
statement?Thomas Jefferson
once said,
150
The message is that a
positive attitude and a
dedication to seeing
your goals realized
generally results in a
positive outcome.
Thomas Jefferson
151
A. That you do not have any self-respect
B. That you do not care about offending
other people
C. That you have pride and make the
effort to be presentable
D. That you do not seek the approval of
other people
Which of these attitudes are you least
likely revealing when you ignore
personal hygiene issues like bathing and
having clean clothes, hair, and teeth?
152
A. That you do not have any self-respect
B. That you do not care about offending
other people
C. That you have pride and make the
effort to be presentable
D. That you do not seek the approval of
other people
Which of these attitudes are you least
likely revealing when you ignore
personal hygiene issues like bathing and
having clean clothes, hair, and teeth?
153
A. luck
B. happiness
C. success
D. wealth
With the proper planning and a
positive attitude, you will find that
_______ comes your way and that it is
not a random, mysterious thing after
all.
154
A. luck
B. happiness
C. success
D. wealth
With the proper planning and a
positive attitude, you will find that
_______ comes your way and that it is
not a random, mysterious thing after
all.
155
“I’m no good at
anything,” or “I never get
a break,” or “I don’t feel
like doing anything?”
Do you want to
hang around
with people
who are saying
things like:
That kind of
thinking is not
only depressing:
It’s contagious.
156
Tending to spread from person
to person
Contagious
157
To be a winner you need to think like a
winner, and winning starts with taking
some concrete steps toward your goal.
NJROTC helps you become a winner!
158
Defense Mechanisms
The first trick to developing a positive
attitude is to accept that you won’t always
succeed at everything you do.
159
The second trick is to realize that trial
and error provide a wonderful
opportunity to keep improving.
160
True or False: Being around people
who whine and complain will most
likely make you feel like a winner.
161
False
True or False: Being around people
who whine and complain will most
likely make you feel like a winner.
162
In the business world, professionals set
goals for themselves.
Salespeople are often
rewarded when they
reach their sales
targets, but failing to
meet a goal—in
business or anywhere
else—doesn’t mean
that you are a failure.
163
or a doctor
can’t cure
every illness,
or a lawyer
loses a case,
If a baseball
player doesn’t
make every hit,
we don’t label them failures.
164
People talk about the “practice” of law and
medicine because those professionals are
constantly improving their art.
165
Of course, some professions have a zero
tolerance for failure—and it’s a good thing
they do. You don’t want them to make any big
mistakes. But even pilots are not always on
schedule, and architects do not win every
contract.
Architect Pilot
166
Keep in mind everyone is entitled to follow
a learning curve—the time necessary to
get better at a task or to reach a goal—as
long as the time is within reason for the
given task.
Architect Pilot
167
A. Chart that managers use to plot
progress toward a goal
B. Time needed to perfect a task or
reach a goal
C. Checkpoints for new employees
during their probationary period
D. Graph that documents how the
quality of an employee’s work
reaches a peak and then declines
over time
What is a learning curve?
168
A. Chart that managers use to plot
progress toward a goal
B. Time needed to perfect a task or
reach a goal
C. Checkpoints for new employees
during their probationary period
D. Graph that documents how the
quality of an employee’s work
reaches a peak and then declines
over time
What is a learning curve?
169
Why do some people
handle their mistakes
well, and even learn
from them, while others
don’t?
The difference often lies
in a person’s defense
mechanisms.
170
Behaviors people use to deal
with anxiety, stress, or pressure
Defense mechanisms
171
Everyone has anxieties, and defense
mechanisms provide a way to deal with
them, but if you’re not careful, defense
mechanisms can turn into excuses.
172
People use defense mechanisms without
realizing it to try and convince others and
themselves that someone else is to blame for
a mistake, or that a controllable situation was
entirely outside of their ability to handle.
USS San Francisco
SSN-711
172
173
Defense
mechanisms are
ways of protecting
your self-
confidence and
pride when you
are feeling
inadequate or
ashamed.
174
You probably don’t respect the athlete, or
singer who constantly makes excuses for
his or her shortfalls.
175
The use of defense mechanisms is not a
bad thing as long as you take the steps to
correct the problem.
176
The danger of
defense
mechanisms is
failing to take
responsibility for
your actions or
inactions.
177
This is the hallmark
of an immature
personality and of
someone who still
has some growing
up to do, no matter
what his or her age.
178
A. Their pride and self-confidence
B. Their inabilities and inadequacies
C. The feelings of their families,
friends, and co-workers
D. The identity of the other people
responsible for the situation or
mistake
What are people trying to protect
when they use defense mechanisms?
179
A. Their pride and self-confidence
B. Their inabilities and inadequacies
C. The feelings of their families,
friends, and co-workers
D. The identity of the other people
responsible for the situation or
mistake
What are people trying to protect
when they use defense mechanisms?
180
A. People find themselves being given
more and more responsibility.
B. People begin to see themselves as
too perfect and incapable of error.
C. People keep those around them from
seeing the situation clearly enough
to help improve it.
D. People fail to take responsibility for
their actions and remain immature.
What is the danger of constantly using
defense mechanisms?
181
A. People find themselves being given
more and more responsibility.
B. People begin to see themselves as
too perfect and incapable of error.
C. People keep those around them from
seeing the situation clearly enough
to help improve it.
D. People fail to take responsibility for
their actions and remain immature.
What is the danger of constantly using
defense mechanisms?
182
Psychologists have
identified and studied
a number of defense
mechanisms people
use when they feel:
• Anxiety
• Stress
• Pressure.
183
How Defense Mechanisms Affect
Relationships
Consider the
situation between
Jack and Christine.
184
Jack and Christine have been dating
steadily for about a year, but they have
a problem: Jack gets jealous any time
Christine even talks to another boy.
185
He suspects she’s not really happy in
their relationship and watches her every
move. Christine keeps telling Jack that
he’s imagining things.
186
If he’s not careful, Jack might find himself
using one or more of the following defense
mechanisms instead of addressing his real
problem.
187
Example: Jack feels jealous anger toward
Christine, so he is rude to her little sister.
• Displacement—transferring a feeling
about a person or an object to another,
less threatening object
188
Example: Jack tells Christine that everything
is OK and that he doesn’t want to talk about
his feelings, but he still seems angry with her.
• Repression—pushing disturbing thoughts,
wishes, or experiences from one’s conscious
awareness while the feeling continues to
operate on an unconscious level
189
Example: Jack assures Christine that the
problem isn’t with her; he’s just going
through a tough time at his after-school job
and feels frustrated about it.
• Rationalization—concealing the true
motivations for one’s thoughts, actions, or
feelings by offering reassuring, but incorrect,
explanations
190
Example: Jack tells everyone that Christine
is upset with him because he spends time
shooting pool with friends.
• Projection—falsely attributing to others
your own unacceptable feelings, impulses,
or thoughts
191
Example: Jack uses a bar of soap to
draw graffiti all over Christine’s car.
• Acting out—using actions, rather than
words, to express the emotional
conflict
192
Example: Jack doesn’t realize that he has a
problem trusting other people. For example, he
forgets that he broke up with his previous
girlfriend, Wanda, because he was jealous of
her behavior, even though his friends told him
repeatedly that Wanda really liked him and that
she was not a flirt.
• Denial—refusing to acknowledge some
painful aspect of external reality or one’s own
experience that would be apparent to others
193
A. Repression
B. Rationalization
C. Displacement
D. Projection
What term is used to refer to the
transference of a feeling about a
person or an object to another, less
threatening object?
194
A. Repression
B. Rationalization
C. Displacement
D. Projection
What term is used to refer to the
transference of a feeling about a
person or an object to another, less
threatening object?
195
A. acting out
B. in repression
C. rationalizing
D. in denial
If someone refuses to recognize some
painful aspect of reality or his/her own
experience that other people would
clearly see, he/she is _______.
196
A. acting out
B. in repression
C. rationalizing
D. in denial
If someone refuses to recognize some
painful aspect of reality or his/her own
experience that other people would
clearly see, he/she is _______.
197
Have you ever used any of them yourself?
How many of
these defense
mechanisms do
you recognize?
198
Because defense mechanisms can be used
unconsciously, people sometimes use them
without even knowing it.
199
Before things can get better for Jack and
Christine, Jack must realize that his attitude
needs to improve.
200
Mature people don’t fall back on defense
mechanisms—mainly because they don’t
need them.
201
Many times, you simply have to “grin and
bear it,” but growing up and developing a
positive, productive attitude requires a
willingness to keep working to solve an
issue rather than dodge it.
You will not
always be
successful.
202
Nobody comes into this world with a
guaranteed perfect life, but the attitude
you develop once you get here is under
your control.
203
A positive attitude
can make it easier to
handle life’s troubles.
204
“How you think
about a problem is
more important
than the problem
itself—so always
think positively.”
Norman Vincent
Peale
The power of positive thinking!
205
A. They use defense mechanisms most of
the time like anybody else.
B. They confront their problems in an
attempt to solve them.
C. They wait them out, knowing that the
passage of time will help them see
solutions more clearly.
D. They do not fear addressing problems
because they know they will always be
successful.
How do mature people deal with their
problems?
206
A. They use defense mechanisms most of
the time like anybody else.
B. They confront their problems in an
attempt to solve them.
C. They wait them out, knowing that the
passage of time will help them see
solutions more clearly.
D. They do not fear addressing problems
because they know they will always be
successful.
How do mature people deal with their
problems?
207
People with positive
attitudes usually have
other personality traits
that help them meet
life’s:
• Challenges
• Frustrations
• Disappointments.
208
These people can call into action the
following personality traits to solve problems
and to succeed:
• Integrity
• Credibility
• Humility
• Patience
• Respect
• Appreciation
• Focus on task completion and on people
209
Strategies for Expressing Emotions
Specific feelings you may experience
Love
Grief
Joy
210
Strategies for Expressing Emotions
Anger
FearDisgust
Specific feelings you may experience
211
We all experience people who are in a good
“mood” or bad “mood.”
People refer
to a more
general kind
of feeling as
a “mood.”
212
“Moods” are a temporary state of mind or
feeling a general feeling of emotion.
212
213
Babies come into the world with the
two most basic emotions:
Delight Distress213
214
As you grow older, emotions
become a very real part of you.214
215
Controlling emotions is
a challenge to everyone
in a leadership position.
215
216
Emotions need to be expressed, especially
very strong emotions.
216
217
You may feel like “telling off” someone or
even physically striking the person, but
your social conditioning tells you that this
is not acceptable behavior.
218
Constructive methods of expressing strong
emotions include:
Physical activity
Talking it out
Sense of humor
Positive
thoughts
219
A. moods
B. attitudes
C. emotions
D. outlooks
Spontaneous feelings that people
have are called _______.
220
A. moods
B. attitudes
C. emotions
D. outlooks
Spontaneous feelings that people
have are called _______.
221
Emotions are a very real part of you!
Physical Activity
Intense Emotional
Buildup
222
Some emotional
outlets include:
• Sports activity
223
• Creative projects223
224
• Cleaning a house
225
• Washing the car
226
• Mowing the lawn
227
• Hunting or fishing
228
• Painting
229
• Sewing
230
• Woodworking.
231
A. Washing the car
B. Mowing the lawn
C. Playing video games
D. Cleaning house
Which of these is NOT a
recommended physical activity to help
deal with emotions constructively?
232
A. Washing the car
B. Mowing the lawn
C. Playing video games
D. Cleaning house
Which of these is NOT a
recommended physical activity to help
deal with emotions constructively?
233
Talking it out
Trusted friend Teacher
Counselor Parent233
234
Trusted friend Teacher
Counselor Parent
These people can help you see
alternatives and understand
your feelings.
234
235
Sense of Humor
Keeping your
sense of humor
is a big asset in
constructively
expressing
emotions.
236
Being able to laugh at yourself
and to laugh with others is a
rare combination.
236
237
The jokester tries to
build up his or her
self-image in an
attempt to feel
superior at someone
else’s expense.
238
A constructive sense
of humor is not:
• Cutting
• Sarcastic
• Hostile.238
239
A. their emotion
B. people close to them
C. strangers
D. themselves
People using humor constructively
focus the humor on _______, and it is
not hostile, cutting, or sarcastic.
240
A. their emotion
B. people close to them
C. strangers
D. themselves
People using humor constructively
focus the humor on _______, and it is
not hostile, cutting, or sarcastic.
241
Positive Thoughts
and Actions
The power of
“positive thinking!”
242
Positive attitudes begin with:
• A healthy self-image
243
• Acknowledgement rather than denial
of problems
244
• A conscious effort to build habits
that will contribute to a positive
personal growth.244
245
A. Facing rather than ignoring problems
B. Repeating to yourself and your
friends that you are going to become
a positive thinker
C. Making a conscious effort to build
habits for personal growth
D. Trying to keep a healthy self-image
Which of the following is NOT part of the
process of establishing a positive
attitude?
246
A. Facing rather than ignoring problems
B. Repeating to yourself and your
friends that you are going to become
a positive thinker
C. Making a conscious effort to build
habits for personal growth
D. Trying to keep a healthy self-image
Which of the following is NOT part of the
process of establishing a positive
attitude?
247
Your success as a leader often depends on
attitudes—and you can control your attitude.
Conclusion
Anger
FearDisgust
248
Will your attitude
be positive or
negative?
The choice is
yours.
249
Family member Employee
Student Citizen
A positive attitude will make
you a happier and more
successful:
249
250
CONCLUSION
People are attracted to and will follow
positive thinkers who can solve problems
for themselves and others.
251
A positive attitude
can be the leader’s
key to success.
252
A. Maturity
B. Affiliation
C. Perspective
D. Potential
What term refers to something
that can be but has not yet been
developed?
253
A. Maturity
B. Affiliation
C. Perspective
D. Potential
What term refers to something
that can be but has not yet been
developed?
254
A. Maturity
B. Potential
C. Affiliation
D. Perspective
What term is used to refer to the
state of being fully grown or
developed?
255
A. Maturity
B. Potential
C. Affiliation
D. Perspective
What term is used to refer to the
state of being fully grown or
developed?
256
A. Affiliation
B. Personality
C. Perspective
D. Potential
What term is used to refer to
what a person is inside as well
as what he/she shows to others,
and is comprised of such things
as actions, opinions, and
beliefs?
257
A. Affiliation
B. Personality
C. Perspective
D. Potential
What term is used to refer to
what a person is inside as well
as what he/she shows to others,
and is comprised of such things
as actions, opinions, and
beliefs?
258
A. experience
B. personality
C. attitude
D. behavior
A person’s _______ is rooted in
his/her thoughts, feelings, and
beliefs, and largely determines
how a person responds to a
particular situation.
259
A. experience
B. personality
C. attitude
D. behavior
A person’s _______ is rooted in
his/her thoughts, feelings, and
beliefs, and largely determines
how a person responds to a
particular situation.
260
A. personality
B. potential
C. perspective
D. affiliation
Someone’s way of seeing the
world is his/her _______.
261
A. personality
B. potential
C. perspective
D. affiliation
Someone’s way of seeing the
world is his/her _______.
262
A. a defense mechanism
B. gregariousness
C. herd mentality
D. affiliation need
A human being’s natural desire
to feel like he/she is part of a
group is known as _______.
263
A. a defense mechanism
B. gregariousness
C. herd mentality
D. affiliation need
A human being’s natural desire
to feel like he/she is part of a
group is known as _______.
264
A. Defense mechanisms
B. Affiliation needs
C. Displacements
D. Projections
What term is used to refer to
behaviors that people use to deal
with anxieties and stress?
265
A. Defense mechanisms
B. Affiliation needs
C. Displacements
D. Projections
What term is used to refer to
behaviors that people use to deal
with anxieties and stress?
266
A. Rationalization
B. Projection
C. Displacement
D. Repression
What term is used to refer to
taking out impulses on or
transferring feelings about a
person or thing to a less
threatening, more acceptable
object?
267
A. Rationalization
B. Projection
C. Displacement
D. Repression
What term is used to refer to
taking out impulses on or
transferring feelings about a
person or thing to a less
threatening, more acceptable
object?
268
A. Repression
B. Acting out
C. Displacement
D. Denial
What term is used to refer to a
refusal to acknowledge the
existence of a problem or a
painful reality?
269
A. Repression
B. Acting out
C. Displacement
D. Denial
What term is used to refer to a
refusal to acknowledge the
existence of a problem or a
painful reality?
270
A. denial
B. repression
C. displacement
D. rationalization
A defense mechanism in which
someone pushes disturbing
thoughts from his/her conscious
mind while the feelings continue
at the subconscious level is
known as _______.
271
A. denial
B. repression
C. displacement
D. rationalization
A defense mechanism in which
someone pushes disturbing
thoughts from his/her conscious
mind while the feelings continue
at the subconscious level is
known as _______.
272
A. Rationalization
B. Displacement
C. Repression
D. Denial
What term is used to refer to the
concealing of true motivations
for one’s thoughts or actions by
explaining them in a more
reassuring way?
273
A. Rationalization
B. Displacement
C. Repression
D. Denial
What term is used to refer to the
concealing of true motivations
for one’s thoughts or actions by
explaining them in a more
reassuring way?
274
A. Displacement
B. Denial
C. Projection
D. Rationalization
What term is used to refer to
falsely attributing one’s own
unacceptable feelings or
impulses to another?
275
A. Displacement
B. Denial
C. Projection
D. Rationalization
What term is used to refer to
falsely attributing one’s own
unacceptable feelings or
impulses to another?
276
A. personalities
B. affiliations
C. perspectives
D. moods
While emotions are
spontaneous feelings, _______
are a more a temporary state of
mind or general feeling of some
emotion.
277
A. personalities
B. affiliations
C. perspectives
D. moods
While emotions are
spontaneous feelings, _______
are a more a temporary state of
mind or general feeling of some
emotion.
278
A. spending a lot of time alone thinking
about the emotions
B. releasing the pent-up emotions by
“telling off” someone
C. talking with someone they trust to
“get it off” their chest
D. sleeping and resting more than usual
Because expressing strong emotions is
important, people should deal with
them in constructive ways, such as
having a sense of humor, engaging in
physical activity, and _______.
279
A. spending a lot of time alone thinking
about the emotions
B. releasing the pent-up emotions by
“telling off” someone
C. talking with someone they trust to
“get it off” their chest
D. sleeping and resting more than usual
Because expressing strong emotions is
important, people should deal with
them in constructive ways, such as
having a sense of humor, engaging in
physical activity, and _______.
280
A. Each person has a distinct
personality.
B. People should be accepted for
who they are.
C. All people are inherently
good.
D. People can change their
attitude for the better.
What was the theme of Thomas
Anthony Harris’ 1969 book I’m
OK, You’re OK?
281
A. Each person has a distinct
personality.
B. People should be accepted for
who they are.
C. All people are inherently
good.
D. People can change their
attitude for the better.
What was the theme of Thomas
Anthony Harris’ 1969 book I’m
OK, You’re OK?
282
A. I’m not OK, you’re OK.
B. I’m OK, you’re not OK.
C. I’m OK, you’re OK.
D. I’m not OK, you’re not OK.
According to Thomas Anthony
Harris’ 1969 book, which of
these attitudes reflects the
approval both of oneself and of
others that a healthy, well-
adjusted person feels?
283
A. I’m not OK, you’re OK.
B. I’m OK, you’re not OK.
C. I’m OK, you’re OK.
D. I’m not OK, you’re not OK.
According to Thomas Anthony
Harris’ 1969 book, which of
these attitudes reflects the
approval both of oneself and of
others that a healthy, well-
adjusted person feels?
284
A. People’s attitudes and personalities are
formed separately from their
perspectives.
B. People want to explore the purpose
behind their perspectives as they grow
older.
C. By the teenage years, people’s
perspectives are fully formed with little
or no change to be expected.
D. Perspectives grow narrower over time,
much like climbing down from a
mountain.
Which of these statements about
perspectives is accurate?
285
A. People’s attitudes and personalities are
formed separately from their
perspectives.
B. People want to explore the purpose
behind their perspectives as they grow
older.
C. By the teenage years, people’s
perspectives are fully formed with little
or no change to be expected.
D. Perspectives grow narrower over time,
much like climbing down from a
mountain.
Which of these statements about
perspectives is accurate?
286
A. behavior and belonging in a group
B. parents’ influences and lessons
C. personality and attitude
D. self-knowledge and perspective
When young people must decide
between going along with the group
and behaving in accordance with
their values, their _______ are tested.
287
A. behavior and belonging in a group
B. parents’ influences and lessons
C. personality and attitude
D. self-knowledge and perspective
When young people must decide
between going along with the group
and behaving in accordance with
their values, their _______ are tested.
288
A. The mistakes people make in dealing
with desires fortunately always have
only short-term effects.
B. Desires often are sources of
psychological and emotional motivation.
C. In the process of fulfilling desires,
people often make mistakes and poor
choices.
D. Dealing wisely with desires requires a
perspective that allows people to see
things as they really are.
Which of these statements about desire is
NOT accurate?
289
A. The mistakes people make in dealing
with desires fortunately always have
only short-term effects.
B. Desires often are sources of
psychological and emotional motivation.
C. In the process of fulfilling desires,
people often make mistakes and poor
choices.
D. Dealing wisely with desires requires a
perspective that allows people to see
things as they really are.
Which of these statements about desire is
NOT accurate?
290
A. emotions
B. values
C. ideas
D. perceptions
Desires are things you want
either for yourself or those you
care for, while beliefs are strong
and deeply held _______ that
shape your thinking.
291
A. emotions
B. values
C. ideas
D. perceptions
Desires are things you want
either for yourself or those you
care for, while beliefs are strong
and deeply held _______ that
shape your thinking.
292
A. attribute it to chance and bad
luck
B. determine not to repeat it
C. hope it will not happen again
D. pinpoint who should share
the blame
To learn from a mistake, a
healthy, well-adjusted person
will adjust his/her behavior and
_______.
293
A. attribute it to chance and bad
luck
B. determine not to repeat it
C. hope it will not happen again
D. pinpoint who should share
the blame
To learn from a mistake, a
healthy, well-adjusted person
will adjust his/her behavior and
_______.
294
A. desires
B. goals
C. values
D. attitudes
Actions reveal a person’s
_______ and cannot be
separated from them.
295
A. desires
B. goals
C. values
D. attitudes
Actions reveal a person’s
_______ and cannot be
separated from them.
296
A. success
B. wealth
C. luck
D. happiness
With proper planning and a
positive attitude, _______ will
come your way, as in Thomas
Jefferson’s statement, the
harder he worked, the more of it
he had.
297
A. success
B. wealth
C. luck
D. happiness
With proper planning and a
positive attitude, _______ will
come your way, as in Thomas
Jefferson’s statement, the
harder he worked, the more of it
he had.
298
A. Time needed to perfect a task or
reach a goal
B. Graph showing how the quality
of an employee’s work reaches a
peak and then declines over time
C. Checkpoints for new employees
during their probationary period
D. Chart that managers use to plot
progress toward a goal
What is a learning curve?
299
A. Time needed to perfect a task or
reach a goal
B. Graph showing how the quality
of an employee’s work reaches a
peak and then declines over time
C. Checkpoints for new employees
during their probationary period
D. Chart that managers use to plot
progress toward a goal
What is a learning curve?
300
A. People begin to see themselves as
too perfect and incapable of error.
B. People find themselves being given
more and more responsibility and
are not able to handle it.
C. People fail to take responsibility for
their actions and remain immature.
D. People prevent co-workers and
friends from seeing a situation
clearly enough to improve it.
What is the greatest danger of the
constant use of defense mechanisms?
301
A. People begin to see themselves as
too perfect and incapable of error.
B. People find themselves being given
more and more responsibility and
are not able to handle it.
C. People fail to take responsibility for
their actions and remain immature.
D. People prevent co-workers and
friends from seeing a situation
clearly enough to improve it.
What is the greatest danger of the
constant use of defense mechanisms?
302
A. face a problem
B. deal with a problem
C. solve a problem
D. think about a problem
In support of the power of
positive thinking, Norman
Vincent Peale wrote, “How you
_______ is more important than
the problem itself.”
303
A. face a problem
B. deal with a problem
C. solve a problem
D. think about a problem
In support of the power of
positive thinking, Norman
Vincent Peale wrote, “How you
_______ is more important than
the problem itself.”
304
A. interpret
B. remember
C. show
D. discuss
The way that people _______
their experiences is very
influential on their lives and
their ability to lead.
305
A. interpret
B. remember
C. show
D. discuss
The way that people _______
their experiences is very
influential on their lives and
their ability to lead.
306
A. strong will
B. positive attitude
C. fulfilling career
D. life goal
In the process of maturing, a
person develops a _______ and
then uses it to meet life’s
challenges.
307
A. strong will
B. positive attitude
C. fulfilling career
D. life goal
In the process of maturing, a
person develops a _______ and
then uses it to meet life’s
challenges.
308
A. They improve with the growing
ability to interpret events and use
experiences.
B. They continue to be inconsistent as
difficulties arise throughout life.
C. They reach a plateau where making
the right decision becomes almost
automatic.
D. They slowly deteriorate as life
becomes inevitably more
complicated.
What happens to a person’s decision-
making skills as he/she matures?
309
A. They improve with the growing
ability to interpret events and use
experiences.
B. They continue to be inconsistent as
difficulties arise throughout life.
C. They reach a plateau where making
the right decision becomes almost
automatic.
D. They slowly deteriorate as life
becomes inevitably more
complicated.
What happens to a person’s decision-
making skills as he/she matures?
310
A. Thinking positive things
about yourself
B. Saying positive things about
others
C. Wishing positive things
would happen
D. Doing positive things
Which one of these behaviors is
NOT considered a method of
changing an attitude?
311
A. Thinking positive things
about yourself
B. Saying positive things about
others
C. Wishing positive things
would happen
D. Doing positive things
Which one of these behaviors is
NOT considered a method of
changing an attitude?