Post on 22-Nov-2014
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In Spanish, it is important to know the gender of wordsit is important to know the gender of words, in order to choose the appropriate articles.
Not knowing the gender would leave us without articles—
Having no articles is like having no “a,” “an,”or “the” in English—that would be silly!
Noun Gender
In Spanish, everyevery noun has gender—even objects. There are no neutrals.
Read the following:
elel gatothe male cat
elel carrothe car
elel librothe book
elel pájarothe bird
lala gatathe female cat
lala bicicletathe bike
lala plumathe pen
lala lunathe moon
Noun Gender
You may have noticed…
The first and most important rule is:•Words that end in “aa” are femininefeminine. •Words that end in “oo” are masculinemasculine.
What do you think is the reason behind this rule?
Think about it …Piénsalo …
Noun Gender
Clearly and evidently it is because:
The letter “a” is a girl. The letter “o” is a boy.La letra “a” es niña. La letra “o” es niño.
Noun Gender
Recap …
We’re not done yet!
•Words that end in “aa” are femininefeminine. •Words that end in “oo” are masculinemasculine.
Noun Gender
What about all the other words that don’t end in “a” or “o”?
Some words end with consonantsSome words end with consonants—like these:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióncamióntruck
aviónaviónairplane
funciónfunciónfunction
azúlazúlblue
nortenortenorth
relojrelojwatch
Noun Gender
What gender are words that end in “-ción”? And the words that end in “-ón”?
Can you see some patterns here?
el solel solthe sun
el lápizel lápizthe pencil
el camiónel camiónthe bus
el aviónel aviónairplane
el ratel ratónón the mouse
la funciónla funciónthe function
el norteel nortethe north
el relojel relojthe watch
la direcciónla direcciónthe address
la naciónla naciónthe nation
el emailel emailE-mail
el spamel spamspam
la amistadla amistadthe friendship
el melel melónónthe melon
el surel surthe south
la accila acciónónthe action
Recognize Endings in Noun Gender
Feminine Endings - Noun Gender
·Words that end in “-daddad” and “-tudtud” are femininefeminine:
la amistad la amistad la ciudadla ciudad la gratitudla gratitud la universidadla universidadfriendship the city gratitude the university
·Words that end in “-ciónción,” and “-siónsión,” are femininefeminine:
la naciónla nación la sesiónla sesión la direcciónla dirección la acciónla acción
the nation the session the address the action·Words that end in “-umbreumbre” are femininefeminine:
la costumbrela costumbre la legumbrela legumbrethe custom the vegetable
Masculine Endings - Noun Gender
·Words that end in “-ónón” are masculinemasculine:
el camiónel camión el ratónel ratón el aviel aviónón el melónel melónthe truck the mouse the airplane the melon
··ColorsColors, numbersnumbers and days are masculinemasculine:el azúlel azúl el verdeel verde el sieteel siete el cuatroel cuatro el lunesel lunes el domingoel domingoblue green seven four Monday Sunday
··MostMost words that end with a consonantend with a consonant are masculinemasculine:
el relojel reloj el spamel spam el emailel email el panel panthe watch the spam the E-Mail the bread
·Words that end in “-mama” are masculinemasculine:
el programael programa el climael clima el diplomael diploma el sistemael sistemathe program the climate the diploma the system
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsun
lápizpencil
camióntruck
aviónairplane
funciónfunction
azúlblue
nortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizpencil
camióntruck
aviónairplane
funciónfunction
azúlblue
nortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizpencil
camióntruck
aviónairplane
funciónfunction
azúlblue
nortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióntruck
aviónairplane
funciónfunction
azúlblue
nortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióntruck
aviónairplane
funciónfunction
azúlblue
nortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elelthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióncamióntruck
aviónairplane
funciónfunction
azúlblue
nortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elelthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióncamióntruck
aviónairplane
funciónfunction
azúlblue
nortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióncamióntruck
aviónaviónairplane
funciónfunction
azúlblue
nortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióncamióntruck
aviónaviónairplane
funciónfunction
azúlblue
nortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióncamióntruck
aviónaviónairplane
funciónfunciónfunction
azúlblue
nortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióncamióntruck
aviónaviónairplane
funciónfunciónfunction
azúlblue
nortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióncamióntruck
aviónaviónairplane
funciónfunciónfunction
azúlazúlblue
nortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióncamióntruck
aviónaviónairplane
funciónfunciónfunction
azúlazúlblue
nortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióncamióntruck
aviónaviónairplane
funciónfunciónfunction
azúlazúlblue
nortenortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióncamióntruck
aviónaviónairplane
funciónfunciónfunction
azúlazúlblue
nortenortenorth
relojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióncamióntruck
aviónaviónairplane
funciónfunciónfunction
azúlazúlblue
nortenortenorth
relojrelojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elthe
Choose the article for these words—“el” or “la”:
solsolsun
lápizlápizpencil
camióncamióntruck
aviónaviónairplane
funciónfunciónfunction
azúlazúlblue
nortenortenorth
relojrelojwatch
Practice Noun Gender
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
elelthe
Not done yet…
Feminine nounsFeminine nouns:·End with “aa”·End with “-ciónción” and “-siónsión”·End with “-daddad,” “-tudtud” and “-umbreumbre”
Masculine nounsMasculine nouns:·End with “oo”·End with “-ónón”·End with “-mama”
(with the exceptions of "la cama" (bed) and "la pluma" (pen/feather)
·Colors, numbers, and days·Most words that end with a consonant
Noun GenderRecap …
These rules will be true for most cases, yetyet there are always exceptions to the rules:
el águilael águilathe eagle
el aguael aguathe water
el alael alathe wing
Some exceptions are:
el díael díathe day
el mapael mapathe map
el planetael planetathe planet
la manola manothe hand
la radiola radiothe radio
la florla florthe flower
As to why these words are male or female, there are some reasons…
Exceptions!
Water is considered male because…• Boys wear blue• Girls wear pink
•Water wears blue, therefore it has to be male
el aguael aguathe water
Exceptions!
The eagle is considered male because…• Only men go completely bald
•Eagles go bald, therefore they have to be male
el águila calvael águila calvathe bald eagle
Exceptions!
The hand is considered female because…• The hand has a wrist• Muñeca means wrist or doll• The hand has a doll• La mano tiene muñeca
•Only girls have dolls, therefore the hand has to be female
la mano y la muñecala mano y la muñeca the hand and the dollor the hand and the wrist
Exceptions!
It is possible to change the gender of most words by changing the last letter.
el hijothe son
el abogadothe lawyer
el corredorthe runner
el gatothe male cat
la hijala hijathe daughter
la abogadala abogadathe lawyer (female)
la corredorala corredorathe runner, athlete (female)
la gatala gatathe female cat
+ “a” =
+ “a” =
+ “a” =
+ “a” =
Changing the Gender of Nouns
With other nouns this is notnot possible—they may be gender-specific nouns.
On objects and most animals it doesnt make sense to change the gender.
el rey *nunca* reyathe king *never* kingess
el caballothe horse
el actorthe actor
la reinala reinathe queen
la yeguala yeguathe mare
la actrizla actrizthe actress
la personala personathe person
FeminineMasculine
Changing the Gender of Nouns
What is the correct article for each word?
Practice!
sol
borrador
camión
avión
agua
piedad
amistad
perro
rey
lápiz
flor
lumbre
planeta
reloj
corbata
vestido
programa
mano
What is the correct article for each word?
sol
borrador
camión
avión
agua
piedad
amistad
perro
rey
lápiz
flor
lumbre
planeta
reloj
corbata
vestido
programa
mano
Practice!
el
el
el
el
el
la
la
el
el
el
la
la
el
el
la
el
el
la
Summary
Words that: End in “aa” End in “-ciónción” “-siónsión” End in “-daddad” End in “-umbreumbre”
and … “la manola mano,” “la radiola radio”
are femininefeminine!
Words that: End with “oo” And “el dia,” “el mapa” and “el agua”
End with “-ónón” End with “-mama”
(with the exceptions of "la cama" (bed) and "la pluma" (pen/feather)
Colors, numbers, and days Most words that end with a consonant
are masculinemasculine!
Summary
Lesson Complete
Questions?
In this lesson, we went over noun gender, ending rules, and exceptions.
Keep practicing!
Flashcard Sets:
Noun Genderhttp://www.livemocha.com/flashcard_sets/view/285715/Noun-Gender
Spanish Irregular Wordshttp://www.livemocha.com/flashcard_sets/view/285845/Spanish-Irregular-Words
Keep doing Livemocha Lessons, and practice with native speakers on Livemocha
Talk to native speakers and pay attention to their use of noun gender. And have fun!