Norwegian Navy’s approach to safe and efficient e-navigation

Content-Lessons Learned in the Navy– So Far

-Managing E-nav challenges

-The way ahead

Grounding frequency has increased with 20% from 2005-06

• Lack of training in the use of new equipment

• 13% of the groundings = The OOW falling asleep.

• Inattention and misjudgements

• High degree of automation in combination with familiar waterways results in boredom.

Groundings in Norwegian waters

40

50

60

70

80

90

Groundings from 2004-2006

Num

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f gro

undi

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Lessons learned I

Challenges in an ECDIS:

Softwaree.g different menu system

Electronic Charte.g general understanding

Sensor integrationaccuracy and redundancy

Lessons learned II

• IMO/type approval is not made for our requirements

• Lack of timely an adequate training

• ”Playstation mode”

Lessons learned III• Alarms not respected• Complex menu system

• Large displays and other sources illuminating bridge

• Too few hard buttons• eCharts more complex

than paper charts

Which display is most important?

Managing E-nav challenges:The navigation team

Cooperation on the bridge in order to ensure safe and effective navigation in speed up

to 60 knots in demanding waterways using IBS.

RADAR ECDISECDIS

CO

OOWOPR

ControlOperating

ECDIS/RADAR etc

ECDIS?

Observe

Navigation task

Role

The navigation team

Managing E-nav challenges:System control and monitoring

1. Control mode: – optical principles and/or radar.

2. Choice of sensors: – INS1, INS2, GPS1, GPS2, LORAN-C

or TERRESTRIAL input.

3. Level of Automation: – TRACK STEERING, CRS, WP, HDG

or MANUAL.

1.Control mode• Monitor the system accuracy and performance

– By optical or radar– position correlation/control – performance of autopilot

This in order to:

• Maintain traditional navigation skills• Be able to switch between eNavigation and

traditional navigation (e.g paper charts)• Organize the navigation team in such way that

the OOW has focus on the main display – ”eyes-out”.

2.Choice of sensors

Sensors - Redundancy- Accuracy- Degradation- Integration

- System handling

3. Level of automation

• Track pilot in command– Heading mode

– Course mode

– Waypoint mode

– Track mode

• Track pilot in local mode

• Manual steering

Control Mode Choice of sensors Level of Automation

Contributes to:• Common understanding of

– system parameters – system performance – navigation modes

• Maintain a good situational awareness in the navigation team.

• Increase safety at high speed in challenging waterways

Managing E-nav challenges:Added functionalities

Added functionalities in order to support the

control and monitoring of the system, but also

to ease the planning.

The way ahead, and its challenges

• RNoN paperless navigation in 2010

• Maintain traditional navigation skills

• Increase the knowledge of IBS and electronic charts

• Efficient procedures for E-navigation for all type of vessels

Proposed functionalities

1. Fixed Wheel-Over-Point (WOP)2. Object to head/aft heading

a) When planning a voyage the object to head has to be visualized on the console in combination with abeam lines on both sides.

b) When the voyage is monitored the object to head has to be indicated on the screen.

c) 45 degrees relative to own ship has to be visualized in planning mode.

3. 45° relative bearings functions4. Textbox

a) Transparentb) Chosen on/off as layers in Chart Themes

5. Range Marker abeam/ahead/astern. Speed/time dependent.

6. Navigation Object in control– Navigation light sector extension– Visual presentation

Challenging and upcoming projects

• Traditional navigation skills as foundation of E- Navigation

• KISS (Keep it Simple and Stupid)– Easy to understand the presentation on the console– Intuitive menu system– HMI as a part of the development

• Hard buttons• Develop/utilise added functionalities in order to

control the system.• An easy recognisable alarm regime where alarms

are divided into subgroups• Better and more adequate training

Recommendations

Summary-Lessons Learned in the Navy– So Far

-Managing E-nav challenges

-The way ahead

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