NORTHERN EUROPE

Match the NorthernMatch the NorthernEuropean countries!European countries!

Iceland

Ireland

Finland

Norway

UnitedKingdom

Denmark

Sweden

Northern Europe • Can be divided into

two regions. 1. British Isles: -

United Kingdom - Ireland

2. Scandinavian (Nordic) Countries: - Norway

- Sweden - Denmark - Iceland - Finland

                     

                              

DenmarkFinlandIcelandNorwaySweden

UNITED KINGDOM• Includes:

– England– Scotland– Wales

•All on the island of Great Britain

– Northern Ireland.• Thames River – most

important river. • Climate = Marine West

Coast• Two landform regions: 1.Lowland – Southern

half 2. Highlands – North

and West

U.K. (CONT’D)

• Great Britain was 1st to industrialize.

• Constitutional Constitutional MonarchyMonarchy with Queen but Parliament is lawmaking branch of government.– Queen Elizabeth is a

“figure head” (no real power…just for show)

More on the United Kingdom•London is capital & largest city

•Home to Buckingham Palace •(residence of British Monarch).

REPUBLIC OF IRELAND

•Called the “Emerald Isle”

•Marine West Coast = Climate.

•Government is a Parliamentary Democracy

•19th Century: Famous potato famine = many Irish to emigrate to U.S. (Chicago & Boston)

•Country produces dairy products, beef, poultry, potatoes, grains, & beer.

•1/3 of people live in Dublin (capital).

Irish Revamp their Resources

• How? • Created PEAT BOGS!• Cut peat from large beds and burn it

as fuel.• What is Peat? Partially decayed plant

matter found in bogs

Tower of London Royal Guard

Castle in Wales

SCANDINAVIA (NORDIC COUNTRIES)

• Once the home of the Vikings.

• People are urbanized and well educated.

• All of the nations are Protestant (Lutheran) in religion.

• Northernmost nation of Europe

• Climate: – Marine West Coast

• One of Europe’s most mountainous nations.

• Most people live on coastal plain or shores of fjords– Steep U-shaped valleys

that connect to the sea; filled w/seawater after glaciers melt

• Europe’s leading fishing nation.

• Oslo (capital) is home to Oslo (capital) is home to more than ½ of the more than ½ of the population. population.

Fjords & Polders Polder: Land reclaimed

by diking anddraining.

• Largest Scandinavian country– In both area and

population

• Four industries are forestryforestry, farmingfarming, miningmining, and manufacturingmanufacturing.

• Forests cover more than ½ of country.

• Have some of the highest world taxeshighest world taxes. (60% of paycheck)

• NeutralNeutral foreign policy.

Businesses of Sweden

Other Activities of Scandinavia

DENMARK

• Smallest of the Nordic countries.

• Most densely populated

• 60% of land is used for agriculture.

• Has one of the world’s highest per capita incomes.

Tivoli Arch

GREENLAND•Lies between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans.•Self-governing province of Denmark.•Thousands of feet of ice caps cover nearly 85% of the island.•Most of the people are Inuit.

ICELAND

• Europe’s westernmost nation.

• Land of lava rock and more than 100 volcanoes.

• More than 70% of income comes from fishing.

• Home to geysersgeysers (hot hot springs that shoot hot springs that shoot hot water and steam into water and steam into the airthe air).

• Little crime or unemployment.

International Issues: Whaling The hunting of

whales; dates back centuries

FINLAND

• Mainly a glaciated plain with about 50,000 lakes.

• Only 10% of land is arable (good for farming).

• Forests cover 60% of country (valuable resource).