North America in 1750North America in 1750

British Colonies• Population:• Economy:• Religion:• Indian Relations:

French Colonies• Population:• Economy:• Religion:• Indian Relations:

BritishBritish FrenchFrench Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington * * French and French and IndiansIndians

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 The First Clash The First Clash

Ben Franklin Ben Franklin New England, NY, New England, NY, MD, PAMD, PA

Albany CongressAlbany Congress failed failed

1754 1754 Albany Plan of Albany Plan of UnionUnion

Gen. Edward Braddock Gen. Edward Braddock Sent to Ohio Sent to Ohio

- Marches through Pa.- Marches through Pa.

- Battle of the Monongahela- Battle of the Monongahela-1000 Fr. Vs. 1500 Br.-1000 Fr. Vs. 1500 Br.- 500 British killed- 500 British killed- Braddock Killed- Braddock Killed

1755 1755 Br. Decide to Br. Decide to Eliminate Fr. Presence in Eliminate Fr. Presence in

No. Amer.No. Amer.

1756 1756 War Is Formally War Is Formally Declared! Declared!

• Indians raid frontier• War spreads to Europe and India

BritishBritish

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted toBr. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American Colonial British-American Colonial TensionsTensions

ColonialsColonials

- He understood colonial concerns.- He understood colonial concerns.

- - He offered them a compromise:He offered them a compromise:

-- Col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-- Col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br. >Br. would reimburse Col. assemblies would reimburse Col. assemblies forfor their costs. their costs.

RESULTS?RESULTS? Colonial morale Colonial morale increased by 1758. increased by 1758.

1757 1757 William Pitt Becomes William Pitt Becomes Foreign MinisterForeign Minister

** By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide Turns The Tide Turns for Englandfor England

France --> France --> lost her Canadian lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi to lands east of the Mississippi River.River.Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands west got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England.England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.

1763 1763 Treaty of Paris Treaty of Paris

North America in 1763North America in 1763

1.1. It increased her colonial empire It increased her colonial empire in in the Americas. the Americas.

2.2. It greatly enlarged England’s It greatly enlarged England’s debt.debt.

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time. time.2.2. It opened up the west to It opened up the west to

settlement.settlement.

3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings

towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify. would only intensify.

Effects of the War on the Effects of the War on the American ColonialsAmerican Colonials