Nobel Gas Envy

Neon is a Happy Atom

•Neon is happy because it has eight valence electrons. •All atoms want to be like Neon!

Is Sodium (Na) a Happy Atom?

How many valance electrons does Na have?

Proton

Neutron

No, Sodium is not Happy!

Na has only one valance electron.To be happy it needs eight.How can Na become happy?

Na could add 7 valance electrons

Wow, that takes too much work and energy to gain 7 more electrons!

Maybe Na could lose one electron.

If Na loses an electron it then has 8 valence electrons….and is Happy like Neon!

But is it still Sodium?

How many Protons does this atom have?

Proton

Neutron

Sodium’s name is changed from Na to Na+

•Since Na lost an electron it now has a positive charge?•And it is a Happy atom!!

11 Proton

10 Electrons

Let’s look at Fluorine.

Is F an happy atom?

Proton

Neutron

No, Fluorine is not Happy!

F has seven valance electrons.To be happy it needs eight.How can F become happy?

Fluorine could loose 7 valance electrons

Wow, that takes too much work and energy to lose all 7 electrons!

Maybe Fluorine could gain 1 electron!

If F gains one valence electron, then it would have eight valence electrons and be a happy, atom like Neon!

But is it still Fluorine?

The number of protons tells us what element it is. If it still has 9 protons, then it is still Fluorine!

Proton

Neutron

But Fluorine has changed its name

from F to F-

The number of protons has not changed, but there is now an extra, negatively charged electron.

9 Proton

10 electron

Extra electron!

Identify the following two atoms and decide if they are ‘Happy AtomsHappy Atoms’’ or not.

Do they have a full

valence shell like Neon?

What needs to be done for these atoms to become ‘Happy Atoms’?

OxygenBeryllium

The Transformation!

Now Oxygen has 8 valence electrons. Is it a Happy Atom?How about Beryllium???

O-2Be+2

Is Beryllium a Happy Atom???

Beryllium

Beryllium has only two electrons.Is its outermost energy level full?

Yes, Beryllium is a Happy Atom!!!

Beryllium+2

Beryllium could never be like Neon with 8 valence electrons, but it can be like Helium, another Nobel Gas that is inert just like Neon.

Decide how to make each of the following atoms Happy Atoms.

Fluorine

Magnesium

Nitrogen

Sulfur

Boron

Potassium

Argon

Carbon

Which elements will combine (bond) to form compounds?

• Mg and S (Mg loses 2 e- and S gains 2 e-)

SulfurMagnesium

Which elements will bond?

• B and N will bond.

• K and F will bond.

• Draw the bonds between:– Boron and Nitrogen (worth 5 points)– Potassium and Flourine (worth 5 points)

• C will bond but in a different way

• Ar will not bond

Exit Ticket: Which elements will bond?

Lithium

Calcium

Boron

Xenon

Oxygen

Chlorine

Neon

Phosphorus