New Passive House Standards

HowPHIUS+2015MakesPassiveHouseViableinVeryColdClimates

EnergyDesignConferenceDuluth,MNFebruary24,2016

MichaelLeBeauCPHCDirectorofBuilldingScienceandTechnologyCR-BuildingPerformanceSpecialistsInc.

KatrinKlingenbergExecuTveDirectorPassiveHouseInsTtuteUS

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InaccordancewiththeDepartmentofLaborandIndustry’sstatute326.0981,Subd.11,

“ThiseducaTonalofferingisrecognizedbytheMinnesotaDepartmentofLaborandIndustryassaTsfying1hourofcredittowardBuildingOfficialandResiden4alContractors

conTnuingeducaTonrequirements.”

ForaddiTonalconTnuingeducaTonapprovals,pleaseseeyourcredittrackingcard.

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Background

• PassiveHouseconceptdevelopedinGermany•  FirstGermanPHbuiltin1990• PHmainfocusisonenergyperformanceofbuildingshellandsystems• ModeledverificaTonofheaTng,coolingandoverallenergyuse.• MeasuredairTghtnessverificaTon

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German PH Standards

•  15kwh/m2/year(4.75btu/c2)heaTngandcoolingenergy

•  120kwh/m2/year(38.04btu/c2)totalprimaryenergy

•  .6ACH50minimumairTghtness

•  Samestandardeverywhereregardlessofclimate

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Applying German PH Standards to US

• NorthAmericahasawiderangeofclimatezones

• HothumidclimatesandverycoldclimatesarenothandledwellinoriginalPHmodelsandtechniques

• GermanPHstandardsprovedverydifficulttomeetcosteffecTvelyinextremelycoldclimates

• GermanstandardusesTreatedFloorAreaforcalcs–verydifferentthanUSstandardsformeasuringlivingspaces

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Evolution of PH in North America • PHIUS+cerTficaTonaddedthirdpartyverificaTonusingspeciallytrainedRESNETHERSraters.

•  SiteinspecTons

•  Sub-slabinsulaToncheck

•  PreliminaryblowerdoortesTng

•  InsulaTonqualitycheck

•  FinalblowerdoortesTng

•  VenTlaTonsystembalancing

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Evolution of PH in North America (cont)

• PHIUS+addsverificaTonandcerTficaTonfor:

•  DOEZeroEnergyReadyHome•  DOEChallengeHome

•  EnergyStar(Thermalenclosure,watermanagement,HVAC)

•  EPAIndoorAirPlus

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PHIUS + 2015

•  IneffectasofSept.15,2015

• DevelopedoverathreeyearprocessbyPHIUStechnicalcommikee

• DevelopedwiththeassistanceofBuildingScienceCorporaTonwithfundingbyaUSDOEBuildingAmericagrant.

•  ThemainobjecTvewastoadaptPHgoalstoopTmizecosteffecTvenessbyfinetuningenergytargetstospecificclimatezones.

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Climate Specific Energy Allowances

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Climate Specific Energy Targets - Duluth GermanStandard

PHIUS+2015

(Duluth)

ClimateZone All 7

AnnualHea4ngDemandkBTU/K2

4.75

(TFA)

8.4

(iCFA)

AnnualCoolingDemandkBTU/K2

4.75

(TFA)

1

(iCFA)

PeakHea4ngLoad

BTU/hr/K2

NA

5.7

iCFA)

PeakCoolingLoad

BTU/hr/K2

NA

3.6

(iCFA)

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Climate Specific Energy Targets – St. Paul GermanStandard

PHIUS+2015

(St.Paul)

ClimateZone All 6

AnnualHea4ngDemandkBTU/K2

4.75

(TFA)

7.2

(iCFA)

AnnualCoolingDemandkBTU/K2

4.75

(TFA)

2.9

(iCFA)

PeakHea4ngLoad

BTU/hr/K2

NA

5.6

iCFA)

PeakCoolingLoad

BTU/hr/K2

NA

4.2

(iCFA)

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Climate Specific Energy Targets GermanStandard

PHIUS+2015

(DesMoines)

PHIUS+2015

(St.Paul)

PHIUS+2015

(Duluth)

PHIUS+2015

(Int.Falls)

ClimateZone All 5 6 7 7

AnnualHea4ngDemandkBTU/K2

4.75

5.7

7.2

8.4

9.1

AnnualCoolingDemandkBTU/K2

4.75

4.5

2.9

1

1

PeakHea4ngLoad

BTU/hr/K2

NA

5.3

5.6

5.7

6.2

PeakCoolingLoad

BTU/hr/K2

NA

4.6

4.2

3.6

3.7

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PHIUS + 2015 – Other Changes • ReplacedTreatedFloorArea(TFA)withInteriorCondiTonedFloorArea(iCFA).

•  SimplifiedcalculaTonsandreconciledwithUSnorms.

• ChangedairTghtnessmeasurementfromvolumebased.6ACH50toshellareabased.05CFM50perc2ofexteriorskinarea.

•  Referencescomponentswhereleakageoccurs,removessmallhousepenalty.

• ChangedPrimaryEnergyallowancefromfloorareabasistooccupancybasis(numberofbedroomsplusoneX6,200kWh/y)

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Example Project – Afton, MN 4027 ft2 iCFA

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Example Project – Different locations ExampleModeled

DesMoines

PHIUS+2015

DesMoines

ExampleModeledSt.Paul

PHIUS+2015

St.Paul

ExampleModeledDuluth

PHIUS+2015Duluth

ExampleModeledInt.Falls

PHIUS+2015

Int.Falls

AnnualHea4ngDemand

kBTU/K2/y

3.24

5.7

4.96

7.2

6.53

8.4

8.15

9.1

AnnualCoolingDemand

kBTU/K2/y

2.82

4.5

.17

2.9

0

1

0

1

PeakHea4ngLoad

BTU/hr/K2

3.0

5.3

4.42

5.6

3.78

5.7

4.77

6.2

PeakCoolingLoad

BTU/hr/K2

1.05

4.6

1.36

4.2

0

3.6

0

3.7

PrimaryEnergykWh/y

20,430

31,000

19,440

31,000

20,620

31,000

21,920

31,000

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

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DesMoines St.Paul Duluth Int.Falls

kBTU

/FT2/YearAnnualHea4ngDemand

ExampleasModeledvs.PHIUS+2015Allowance

Modeled PHIUS+2015Allowance

GermanPHStandard4.75

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0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

DesMoines St.Paul Duluth Int.Falls

kBTU

/FT2/YearAnnualCoolingDemand

ExampleasModeledvs.PHIUS+2015Allowance

Modeled PHIUS+2015Allowance26

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

DesMoines St.Paul Duluth Int.Falls

BTU/HOUR/FT2

PeakHea4ngLoadExampleasModeledvs.PHIUS+2015Allowance

Modeled PHIUS+2015Allowance27

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

DesMoines St.Paul Duluth Int.Falls

BTU/HOUR/FT2

PeakCoolingLoadExampleasModeledvs.PHIUS+2015Allowance

Modeled PHIUS+2015Allowance28

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

DesMoines St.Paul Duluth Int.Falls

kWh/year

PrimaryEnergyExampleasModeledvs.PHIUS+2015Allowance

Modeled PHIUS+2015Allowance 29

Electrical Monitoring to ID Problem Loads

• Growingplugandotherelectricalloadsarebigopportunity.

•  Smallloadsthatrunalotcanaddup.

•  Largerloadsthatrarelyrunmayusesurprisinglylikleenergy.

•  Theonlywaytoknowistomeasureit.

• Guessesarecheapandwortheverypenny.30

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Monitoring demand and production to help users track energy balance and control loads

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Site Energy versus Source Energy

• Whatwemeasureatthemeter,orsub-meter,isSiteEnergy.

•  SiteEnergyrepresentstheperformanceofthebuildingandloads.

•  SourceEnergyistheamountofenergythatgoesintoproducTon,transmissionanddistribuTon.

• Manyprograms,suchasPH,requiresthecalculaTonofSourceEnergy.

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Source-Site Ratios of Various Fuels (EPA 2013)

EnergyType U.S.Ratio* CanadianRatio

Electricity(GridPurchase)* 3.16* 2.05

Electricity(on-SiteSolarorWindInstallation) 1 1

NaturalGas 1.05 1.02

FuelOil(1,2,4,5,6,Diesel,Kerosene) 1.01 1.01

Propane&LiquidPropane 1.01 1.03

Steam 1.2 1.2

HotWater 1.2 1.2

ChilledWater 1 0.71

Wood 1 1

Coal/Coke 1 1

Other 1 1

*(Electricalvaluesvaryregionally,andoverTme,asthegeneraTonfuelmixshics)

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Net Zero in Challenging Climates (Far Northern MN - 4,000 ft2 example)

• PHIUS+2015HeaTngAllowance=9.1kbtu/c2/yr•  (92%increaseoverpreviousstandardof4.75)

•  9000x4000=36,000btu(10,550kwh)(site)(4,000c2houseexample)

•  10,550/1,200=8.8kWPVtomeetallowedannualhea4ngload.

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Net Zero in Challenging Climates (cont.) (Far Northern MN – 4,000 ft2 Example)

•  OldPrimaryEnergyStandard

•  38kbtu=11kWh/c2/yrX4,000=44,000kWh•  44,000/1,200=36.66kWPV(ignoringSite/Sourcefactor)

•  PHIUS+2015SourceEnergyStandard

•  6200X4=24,800kWh/year•  24,800/1,200=21kWPV(ignoringSite/Sourcefactor)

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Thank You!

• QuesTons?

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