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New Frontiers with LSST: New Frontiers with LSST: leveraging world facilitiesleveraging world facilitiesNew Frontiers with LSST: New Frontiers with LSST: leveraging world facilitiesleveraging world facilities

Tony TysonTony Tyson

Director, LSST ProjectDirector, LSST Project

University of California, DavisUniversity of California, Davis

Science with the 8-10 m telescopes in the era of the ELTs and the JWSTScience with the 8-10 m telescopes in the era of the ELTs and the JWST

IAC, La PalmaIAC, La Palma, July 25, 2009, July 25, 2009

Tony TysonTony Tyson

Director, LSST ProjectDirector, LSST Project

University of California, DavisUniversity of California, Davis

Science with the 8-10 m telescopes in the era of the ELTs and the JWSTScience with the 8-10 m telescopes in the era of the ELTs and the JWST

IAC, La PalmaIAC, La Palma, July 25, 2009, July 25, 2009

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Long history of discovery via sky surveys

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Technology drives the New Technology drives the New SkySky

Technology drives the New Technology drives the New SkySky

• MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics

• SoftwareSoftware

• Large Optics FabricationLarge Optics Fabrication

• MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics

• SoftwareSoftware

• Large Optics FabricationLarge Optics Fabrication

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Comprehensive understanding of new astrophysical phenomena requires multi-wavelength and/or temporal investigations using a variety of instruments on multiple facilities.

Because of cost these large facilities or instruments tend to be unique. Astronomy thus must evolve to a coordinated collaboration of world facilities.

GTC is perfect for co-observing with LSST to leverage discovery. The shared sky overlap and the joint science discovery space is more than sufficient.

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LSST All Hands Meeting at NCSA, LSST All Hands Meeting at NCSA, May 19-23, 2008May 19-23, 2008

LSST All Hands Meeting at NCSA, LSST All Hands Meeting at NCSA, May 19-23, 2008May 19-23, 2008

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3200 megapixel camera3200 megapixel camera

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The LSST siteThe LSST site

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DSS: digitized photographic plates

7.5

arc

min

ute

s

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Sloan Digital Sky Survey

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LSST -- almost

GTC field of viewGTC field of view

~100~100alertsalertsperper

nightnight

2800 2800 galaxiesgalaxies

i<25 magi<25 mag

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10-year simulation: limiting magnitude per band

Opsim1.29 Dec 2008

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The LSST surveys will overlap 11,500 deg2 with the GTC AO observable sky. In that overlap area there are:

2.3 billion galaxies brighter than 25th i AB mag with photometric redshifts in the LSST data,

5000 to 50,000 variable or transient alerts per night from LSST.

In other words, the overlap area is not a

constraint on GTC-LSST science.

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LSST Science Charts New Territory

Probing Dark MatterAnd Dark Energy Mapping the Milky Way

Finding Near Earth Asteroids

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Number of visits per field in Deep Wide SurveyNumber of visits per field in Deep Wide Survey

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• 4 billion galaxies with redshifts4 billion galaxies with redshifts• Time domain: Time domain: 1 million supernovae1 million supernovae 1 million galaxy lenses1 million galaxy lenses 5 million asteroids5 million asteroids new phenomenanew phenomena

LSST survey LSST survey

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Data Management is a distributed system that Data Management is a distributed system that leverages world-class facilities and cyber-leverages world-class facilities and cyber-

infrastructureinfrastructure

Long-Haul CommunicationsChile - U.S. & w/in U.S.

2.5 Gbps avg, 10 Gbps peak

Archive Center

NCSA, Champaign, IL

100 to 250 TFLOPS, 75 PB

Data Access CentersU.S. (2) and Chile (1)45 TFLOPS, 87 PB

Mountain Summit/Base FacilityCerro Pachon, La Serena, Chile

25 TFLOPS, 150 TB

1 TFLOPS = 10^12 floating point operations/second

1 PB = 2^50 bytes or ~10^15 bytes

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LSST Survey

Begin operations in 2015, with 3-Gigapixel camera

One 6-Gigabyte image every 17 seconds 30 Terabytes every night for 10 years 200-Petabyte final image data archive

anticipated 20-Petabyte final database catalog anticipated Real-Time Event Mining: 10,000-100,000

events per night, every night, for 10 yrs Repeat images of the entire night sky every 3

nights

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The Data Challenge

~3 Terabytes per hour that must be mined in real time.

20 billion objects will be monitored for important variations in real time.

A new approach must be developed for knowledge extraction in real time.

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DATA PRODUCTS

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Risk taking:What is the role of 8-10m telescopes

>2015?

use of multiple facilities: planning, collaborations

access to experimental observing modes and novel instrumentation experiments

in an ELT/JWST era the 8-10m telescopes can play a critical enabling role for scientific discovery. The sociology may be novel, but so too will the scientific discoveries.

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www.lsst.org

We cannot guess what currently unknown types of objects or phenomena will be discovered.

But we can rest assured that collaborations of world facilities will be required for the full exploration of the resulting science.

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Currently planned LSST surveys

Deep Wide Survey: 20,000 square degrees to a uniform depth of u: 26.7 g: 27.4 r: 27.7 i: 26.9 z: 26.1 y: 24.9

Northern Ecliptic: 3300 square degrees ~2.1 pairs per lunation

Deep-Drilling: 500 square degrees Continuous 15 sec exposures

Galactic Plane: 1700 square degrees to uniform depth of u: 26.1 g: 26.5 r: 26.1 i: 25.6 z: 24.9 y: 23.5

South Pole: 1700 square degrees to a uniform depth of u: 25.5 g: 26.4 r: 26.0 i: 25.3 z: 25.0 y:23.4

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Currently planned LSST surveys

Deep Wide Survey:Deep Wide Survey: 20,000 square degrees to a uniform depth of u: 26.7 g: 27.4 r: 27.7 i: 26.9 z: 26.1 y: 24.9

Northern Ecliptic:Northern Ecliptic: 3300 square degrees ~2.1 pairs per lunation

Deep-Drilling:Deep-Drilling: 500 square degrees Continuous 15 sec exposures

Galactic Plane:Galactic Plane: 1700 square degrees to uniform depth of u: 26.1 g: 26.5 r: 26.1 i: 25.6 z: 24.9 y: 23.5

South Pole: 1700 square degrees to a uniform depth of u: 25.5 g: 26.4 r: 26.0 i: 25.3 z: 25.0 y:23.4

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Example time window function