NEW APPROACH TO EVALUATE BAROTRAUMA SUSCEPTIBILITY IN FISH

Bernardo Beirão, Luiz G. M. Silva, Ricardo Falcão

bvbeirao@gmail.com

Federal University of São João del-Rei – UFSJ, Brazil

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Fonte: ANEEL, 2012

About 1,000 powerplants already installedwhich corresponds to76% of the electricalenergy generation

It corresponds to only~30% of the inventoriedhydropower capacity

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Fonte: ANEEL, 2012

Amazon River Basin

Higher diversity

Larger fish

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Facilities concentrated inthe South, Southeastand Center-West

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Cour

tesy

: Ric

hBr

own

Cour

tesy

: Ric

hBr

own

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Swim Bladder RuptureExophthalmia

Stomach or Intestine EversionHemorrhage

Emboli

BROWN, R.S.

BROW

N, R.S.ALVES, C.B.M.

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Brown et al. (2014)

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Biomechanical information about swim bladder structure canprovide data to create barotrauma susceptibility prediction models

- Construction of an apparatus to realize tensile strengthtests with swim bladder tissues

- Apparatus commissioning with rubber balloons samples

Assumptions: Isotropic – Incompressible - Spherical

V = V0

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Force SensorTested Sample

Moving CartArduino

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Symbol Description Size (mm)W Initial width of the narrow area 2,1

WO Total width 4,8Wc Central width of the narrow area 1,4

L Length of the narrow area 6,3LO Total length 30,0G Length of the tearing area 5,4D Distance of the narrowing sections 12,7T Thickness 0,35R Internal radius 3,5

RO External radius 6,3

ASTM

Inte

rnat

iona

l

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Trials

Logger Pro v. 3.6.1

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

- Models calculated:

- Kinetic theory model

- Mooney-Rivlin theory model

- Ogden model

Related to elastic materials

Used in biology modeling research

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Model equations for the tension tests

Adapted from Mueller & Strehlow, 2004𝐹𝐹 = 𝑊𝑊0 � 𝑇𝑇0 � 𝑠𝑠+ 𝛽𝛽 − 𝛽𝛽−5

Adapted from Mueller & Strehlow, 2004

𝐹𝐹 = 𝑊𝑊0 � 𝑇𝑇0 𝑠𝑠+ 𝛽𝛽 − 𝛽𝛽−5 + 𝑠𝑠− 𝛽𝛽−3 − 𝛽𝛽3

𝐹𝐹 = 𝑊𝑊0 � 𝑇𝑇0�𝑝𝑝=1

𝑁𝑁

𝜇𝜇𝑝𝑝 𝛽𝛽𝛼𝛼𝑝𝑝−1 − 𝛽𝛽−2𝛼𝛼𝑝𝑝−1Adapted from Ogden, 1984

- Ogden Model

- Mooney-Rivlin Theory Model

- Kinetic Theory Model𝛽𝛽 =

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿0

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

The data calculated by the model is, then, inserted into the correspondent pressure model, allowing to predict the maximum pressure that material can hold;

To verify whether the model responded to what was expected, the balloon was filled up with air whilst the pressure was measured.

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Inflation tests

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

𝑝𝑝 = 2𝑡𝑡0𝑟𝑟0� 𝑠𝑠+ 𝛽𝛽−1 − 𝛽𝛽−7

𝑝𝑝 = 2𝑡𝑡0𝑟𝑟0

𝑠𝑠+ 𝛽𝛽−1 − 𝛽𝛽−7 + 𝑠𝑠− 𝛽𝛽−5 − 𝛽𝛽

𝑝𝑝 = 2𝑡𝑡0𝑟𝑟0�𝑝𝑝=1

𝑁𝑁

𝜇𝜇𝑝𝑝 𝛽𝛽𝛼𝛼𝑝𝑝−1 − 𝛽𝛽−2𝛼𝛼𝑝𝑝−1

𝛽𝛽 =𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟0

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Inflation tests

- Ogden Model

- Mooney-Rivlin Theory Model

- Kinectic Theory Model

Adapted from Mueller & Strehlow, 2004

Adapted from Mueller & Strehlow, 2004

Adapted from Ogden, 1984

Apparatus commissioning- Kinetic Theory

𝐹𝐹 = 6 � 10−7 � 300000 𝛽𝛽 − 𝛽𝛽−5

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1402468

1012

Forc

e (N

)

β (L/L0)

The balloon showed an non-linear behavior, as expectedfor biological materials (Lapeer et al., 2011; Ribeiro et al.,2012).

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1402468

1012

Forc

e (N

)

β (L/L0)

Model Validation- Kinetic Theory

𝑝𝑝 = 2 � 0,025 � 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝛽𝛽−1 − 𝛽𝛽−7

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Didn’t explain well, but gives good notion on thermodynamics ofthe material (Mueller & Strehlow, 2004)

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

𝐹𝐹 = 6 � 10−7 � 300000 𝛽𝛽 − 𝛽𝛽−5 + 30000 𝛽𝛽−3 − 𝛽𝛽3

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Apparatus commissioning- Mooney-Rivlin Theory

𝑝𝑝 = 2 � 0,025 300000 𝛽𝛽−1 − 𝛽𝛽−7 + 30000 𝛽𝛽−5 − 𝛽𝛽

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Model Validation- Mooney-Rivlin Theory

𝐹𝐹 = 6 � 10−7 � 300000 𝛽𝛽2−1 − 𝛽𝛽 −2�2 −1 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏,𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝛽𝛽𝟔𝟔,𝟒𝟒𝟏𝟏−1 − 𝛽𝛽 −2�𝟔𝟔,𝟒𝟒𝟏𝟏 −1

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Apparatus commissioning- Ogden Model

𝑝𝑝 = 2 � 0,029 300000 𝛽𝛽2−3 − 𝛽𝛽 −2�2 −3 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏,𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝛽𝛽𝟔𝟔,𝟒𝟒𝟏𝟏−3 − 𝛽𝛽 −2�𝟔𝟔,𝟒𝟒𝟏𝟏 −3

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Model Validation- Ogden Model

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Variable Fixed values (a)

d0 4,0 x 10-4 mr0 1,4 x 10-2 mμ1 300.000 Paμ2 18,22 Paα1 2α2 6,48

Variable Fitted Model (b)

d0 4,0 x 10-4 m -r0 1,4 x 10-2 m -μ1 300.000 Pa -μ2 38,86 Pa ± 39,00α1 2 -α2 6,25 ± 0,43

Assumptions: Isotropic – Incompressible - Spherical

V = V0

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

Biological materials Vs. Elastic materialsMechanical properties

• Balloon tests provided good results for a initial stage• Improvements are already being done based on these tests

It is possible to come up with new methodologies to test alarge number of fish types and come up with a realisticmetric for determining barotrauma in different countries

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR

- Prof. Dr. Carlos Martinez – CPH/UFMG

- Prof. Dr. Edson Dias, Natália Castelo Branco, Luma,

Sarah, Aline Assunção & Nathalia Stockler – UFSJ

- Emily Anderson, Rich Brown, Alison Colotelo &

Stephanie Liss – Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

- Ricardo Walker – US Army Corps of Engineers

CPH

American Fisheries Society145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR