.Net & c#

.NET VIA C# introduction to .Net concepts using c#

Alexandre Marreiros, 2011

Agenda Introduction .NET core framework CLR JIT Compiler Managed Code Memmory Management .NET & C# CTS C# language

Introduction .NET is a framework that provides a big set of

cross plataform technologies

A program written in .NET can run in any system that has a implementation of .NET runtime;

Includes a virtual machine runtime;

Provides a programing API, and a unified language independent development framework;

.NET Core FrameworkAlexandre Marreiros, 2011

Common Language Runtime

Framework Class Library

Operating System

.NET Framework

Operating System

.NET Framework Class Lybrary

C++ C# VB.NET Perl J# F# …

Common Language Specification

Operating System

.NET Framework (Base Class Library)

ADO .NET and XML

ASP .NETWeb Forms Web Services

WindowsForms Silverlight

ASP.NET MVC3

WCF WWF EF

Code in C#, Vb.NET …

Compiles

DLL or Exe

Managed Assembly

*more about this at .NET IL assembler, Lindin

CLR SO

Runing Program

IL Code Assembly

Compile

Compilation

ExecutionJIT Compiler

NativeCode

Metadata

Source Code

Language Compiler

Class Loader

VBSource code

Compiler

Assembly AssemblyAssemblyMSIL

Common Language Runtime JIT Compiler

Compiler Compiler

Nativecode

ManagedCode

UnmanagedCode

Operating System Services

Type Descriptions

NameVersionCulture

Assembly Description

Other assembliesSecurity PermissionsExported Types

ClassesBase classesImplemented interfacesData membersMethods

Assembly

Bin folder So GAC

.NET Core Framework

IL (MSIL or CIL) – Intermediate Language It is low-level (machine) language, like Assembler, but

is Object-oriented

CTS is a rich type system built into the CLR Implements various types

And operations on those types

CLS is a set of specifications that all languages and libraries need to follow This will ensure interoperability between languages

CLR Operational Layer betwen the .NET app and

the operating system; Manages runing code like a Virtual machine

ThreadingMemory managementJit Compiling

Code access securityCode can be verified to be granted as type safeRole base security

JIT Compiler

Based on the CLR Class loader job, this entity is responsible for transforming IL code in to native code;

Compilation ondemand when a method is called

Managed Code Code that targets CLR is named as Managed

Code Object oriented Type-Safe Cross Language integration Exception Handling Verioning Represented in MSIL

Memmory Management

The CLR manages memory for managed code

All allocations of objects and buffers made from a Managed Heap (keyword new)

Unused objects and buffers are cleaned up automatically through Garbage Collection

*more about this at CLR via C#, Jeffrey Ritcher

.NET & C#Alexandre Marreiros, 2011

Any .NET language have the same datatypes, that are based in CTS rules

At Binary Level all modules and elements writen in a .NET language are compatible

CTSAlexandre Marreiros, 2011

.Net Types

Value Type ReferenceType

CTS – Value TypesAlexandre Marreiros, 2011

Most programming languages provide built-in data types, such as integers and floating-point numbers that are copied when they are passed as arguments (that is, they are passed by value). In the .NET Framework, these are called value type.

ValueTypes are always passed by copy between methods and in terms of memory management they work based on a stack philosophy.

CTS – Reference TypesAlexandre Marreiros, 2011

Only acesseble by Reference, Are used as na overload to Object Types, Their base class are always the Object Type.

Reference types store a reference to the value’s memory address and are allocated on the heap. Reference types can be self-describing types, pointer types, or interface types. The data type can be determined from values of self-describing types. Self-describing types are further split into arrays and class types. The class types are user-defined classes, boxed value types, and delegates.

Value Types

Demo Value Type vs reference type

CTS-Value Types & Ref. Types

*Explanation for study proposes http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc301569.aspx

ReferenceTypes

Demo Boxing and unboxing

CTS-Boxing and Unboxing

*Explanation for study proposeshttp://www.codeproject.com/Articles/76153/6-important-NET-concepts-Stack-heap-Value-types-re

CTS – Types of strutures .NET defines diferent kinds of Object strutures:

Struct

Interface

Abstract Class

Static Class

CTS – objects inner concepts Field

Method

Attribute

Propertie

CTS - VisibilityAlexandre Marreiros, 2011

Assembly

Private

Protected

Public

CTS - InheritanceAlexandre Marreiros, 2011

ClassInterfaces

Just 1 class inheritance

Many Class Inheritance

Demo first Console app

CTS - DelegatesDelegates in .NET languages such as C# and are akin to function pointers in C++. I have found that simply being aware of this pseudonym is extremely helpful in understanding delegates. The term helps us to understand that delegates allow a developer to provide a pointer to a method/function/sub etc.

But when would a developer find this to be useful?

CTS - Delegates

Declaration:public delegate int Comparer(object obj1, object obj2);

Delegate event handler:

public static int CompareFirstNames(object name1, object name2)

Demo Delegates

CTS - EventsAlexandre Marreiros, 2011

A C# event is a class member that is activated whenever the event it was designed for occurs. I like to use the term "fires" when the event is activated. Anyone interested in the event can register and be notified as soon as the event fires. At the time an event fires, registered methods will be invoked.

Events and delegates work hand-in-hand to provide a program's functionality. It starts with a class that declares an event. Any class, including the same class that the event is declared in, may register one of its methods for the event. This occurs through a delegate, which specifies the signature of the method that is registered for the event. The delegate may be one of the pre-defined .NET delegates or one you declare yourself. Whichever is appropriate, you assign the delegate to the event, which effectively registers the method that will be called when theevent fires

Declare delegatepublic delegate void Startdelegate()

Declare Event

public event Startdelegate StartEvent;

Register as a EventListner

StartEvent += new Startdelegate(OnStartEvent);

Demo Event

C#Alexandre Marreiros, 2011

Now that you already now the basics of .Net Let’s explore a litle bit c# language

Simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language.

Strong type checking, array bounds checking, detection of attempts to use un-initialized variables.

Automatic garbage collection.

Support for internationalization.

Suitable for writing applications for both hosted and embedded systems.

Low memory and processing power requirements.

There are no global variables.

Code is compiled as managed

Compare operators

== Equal

!= Not equal

> Greater than

>= Greater than or equal to

< Less than

<= Less than or equal to

C# - Decision MethodsAlexandre Marreiros, 2011

if( cond ){}else{}

switch(s){ case "1": Console.WriteLine("You entered 1"); break; case "2": Console.WriteLine("You entered 2"); break; case "3": Console.WriteLine("You entered 3"); break; default: Console.WriteLine("You entered some other number"); break;}

C#-LoopsAlexandre Marreiros, 2011

for (x = 1; x <= 5; x++){}

while (y <= 5){}

Do{} while (y<=5);

Foreach(object o in array);

Other concepts hands on and final considerations

Questions?

References Books:

CLR via c#, Richter .Net fundamentals, Don Box .Net IL assembler, Lindin

Visit following web sites: .NET Framework Home Site –

http://msdn.microsoft.com/netframework/ The Microsoft .NET Framework Community –

http://www.gotdotnet.com/ Code Project – http://www.codeproject.net/ Mono – Open Source .NET Framework – http://www.go-mono.org/ Rotor – Shared Source .NET CLI – http://

msdn.microsoft.com/net/sscli/

Read the news groups: news://msnews.microsoft.com/microsoft.public.dotnet.framework

Contacts

Email: Amarreiros@gmail.comTwitter: @alexmarreiros

Feel free to ask

.Net & c#

Technology

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