Post on 30-May-2015
description
Soybean Production Research Update
Greg Endres, Extension area agronomistNDSU Carrington Research Extension Center
gregory.endres@ndsu.edu 701-652-2951
NDSU Soybean Intensive Management Studies: HISTORY
• 1999-2001 Tillage system, planting dates and rates,
row spacing, and maturity groups Carrington*, Minot and Hettinger
• 2002-04 Planting dates and rates, row spacing, and
maturity groups Carrington* and Minot
Soybean Intensive Management Studies: HISTORY (continued)
• 2008-11 Planting dates and rates, row spacing,
special foliar inputs, maturity groups, and tiling
Carrington*, Prosper and Fargo
NDSU Research Summary of Soybean Plant Establishment Factors (May 2014)
Factor Option AA Yield
> B (%)
Option BNDSU trials
(conducted during 1999-2013)
Tillage system reduced till 7 conventional till
19
Previous crop wheat 5 soybean 6
Planting date < early May
13 mid May 4
Planting rate (pls/A) 150-
175,0005 100-130,000 31
Row spacing (inches) 14-21 3 28-30 22
Seed fungicide yes 5 no 28
Seed inoculation with soybean history
yes 0 no 7
P app at planting time broadcast 0
band (away from
seed)5
Timing of initial weed control
at planting 4early POST (2-
to 4-inch weeds)
5
Compiled by Greg Endres, Extension Area Agronomist
Soybean Intensive Management Studies: HISTORY (continued)
•2011-14Carrington
• 2 tillage systems– conventional and direct seed (‘no-till’)
• 3 planting time fertilizer treatments– untreated check, broadcast, 2-inch band– 6-24-6 applied on low-med P (7-9 ppm)
and high-VH K (141-216 ppm) soil • 2 planting dates X 2 maturity
groups– multiple locations
• POST fungicide – ‘plant health’
Soybean Establishment Study, CREC, 2011-13: SEED YIELD WITH PLANTING-TIME FERTILIZER
44.2 44.9 44.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2011-13
check
broadcast
2" band
P = low-med and K = high-VH. 6-24-6 applied as band at planting or broadcast PRE (not mechanically incorporated). Averaged across planting dates and tillage systems.
Bu
/acr
e
Soybean Establishment Studies, CREC, 2011-12: SEED YIELD WITH PLANTING DATES
43.5
53.7
37.6
27.9
40.7
50.6
30.3
19.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Carrington2011
Carrington2012
New Rockford2012
Wishek 2012
early
normal
*
*
*
Apr 30/May 15 May 2/17 Apr 24/May 16May 5/19
Soybean IM (Establishment) Study, CREC, 2014: Planting dates
May 30Sept 12
0.2 0.8May 5 May 23
*bare soil temp (average):May 5-6 = 46-48F; May 23-24 = 69-73F*10 days min air temp <40F (May 5-17; low 27F)
NDAWN
Soybean Establishment Study, CREC, 2014:
Planting dates – impact on plant development and agronomic factors
Planting datesDates for plant development (from
planting)*
Emergence (days)
Flower Maturity (R8)
May 5 May 28 (23) July 10 Sep 16
May 23 June 3 (11) July 14 Sep 19
Planting dates
Plants/A Canopy closure
Yield
>75% Bu/A
May 5 146,000 July 29
May 23 142,600 Aug 2
*averaged across 2 varieties
NDSU Soybean planting date trials, 2014: Normal (last half May) vs. late (late May-July)• 2 planting dates X 2 maturity groups (G.
Endres)
– Dazey, Wishek and Prosper• 6 planting dates X 2 maturity groups (B.
Johnson)
– Lisbon, Prosper and Carrington• 3 planting dates X 5 planting rates (M.
Ostlie)
– Carrington and Manitoba• 2 planting dates X 5 varieties X 2 tiling (H.
Kandel)
– Fargo• 15 seed treatments X 2 planting dates (P.
Gautam)
– Langdon, Carrington and Minot
2014 REC production management trials
• Row spacing X planting rates – Williston (D. Tanaka)
• Planting rates– Park River and Pekin (B. Hanson)
• Impact of previous crop (canola) on soybean – Minot (B. Jenks) and Langdon
• Numerous crop rotation; disease and weed mgmt; and plant nutrition – Carrington
Timing of initial weed control Soybean yieldWeed height Soybean stage bu/A
48.0
2 to 4 inches
VC-V2 (unifoliate to 1st
trifoliate) 46.9
6 to 8 inches
V2-V4 (2nd to 4th trifoliate) 45.2
> 10 inches
V4-R2 (4th trifoliate to
full flower) 37.719.3
NDSU: 4 site-years (2011-12).
Soybean yield loss from weeds
At planting (soil application)
Untreated check
Timing of initial weed control in soybean, Carrington, Langdon and Minot, 2014
CREC - July 2
Fall and spring herbicides for kochia control prior to soybean planting, CREC, 2014 (M. Ostlie)
• Fall application Oct 3, 2013– Anthem, Broadaxe, Fierce, metribuzin, Spartan
and Valor• Spring application May 7
– Same herbicides as above plus metribuzin+Sharpen, Verdict and Verdict+Zidua
• Soybean planted June 3• Evaluation of kochia control June 19
– 83-84% control• fall Spartan (8 oz) • spring Broadaxe (25 oz), metribuzin (0.5 lb) and Verdict
(7.5 oz)
White mold
Variety tolerance is associated with plant structure, not genetics Accumulation of about 4 wk of wet topsoil for apothecia germ/emerge 40 hr of wet foliage for infection Apply fungicide (Endura) at 3-5 days before full canopy closure
1. www.ag.ndsu.edu/CarringtonREC/plant-pathology2. CREC YouTube channel
NDSU Soybean research database
• Funding from ND Soybean Council Central website for NDSU soybean
production research Will request research reports for posting
organized by categories (e.g. plant nutrition, plant protection, general agronomy, etc.)
Will be coordinated with NDSU Crops Website (formerly ‘ProCrop’): www.ag.ndsu.edu/crops/
Questions?