Post on 15-Apr-2017
A Report on
CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT
At
NCC Urban One , Narsingi In Hyderabad.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND
PROJECT MANAGEMENT” is being carried out by the student mentioned
below and submitted during the academic year 2015-2016.
Mrinal Biyani (12/CE/47)
K. NARESH P Venkata Rao
(Deputy PROJECT MANAGER) (PROJECT GUIDE)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and profound thanks to
Mr. Tapas Kumar Ghosh – AGM HR and Mr. K Naresh (Deputy Project
Manager) at NCC Urban ONE, Narsingi for granting me permission to do my
internship training in this esteemed Organization.
All the Engineers who have helped in understanding the different aspects of the
Construction namely Mr. P Venkata Rao (Sr. Engineer and project guide
Execution), Mr. Durga Rao (Safety Engineer) for providing the opportunity to
gain experience in the practical point of view of the theoretical concepts.
I would also like to thank the faculty members and placement committee of
National Institute of Technology, Durgapur for their constant support and
guidance.
Finally, I also thank the people who have directly or indirectly helped in bringing
out this project report feasibly.
CONTENTS INDEX PAGE NO CHAPTER I
ABSTRACT 6
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION 7 OVERVIEW 8-9
CHAPTER III
SITE PLANNING 10-12
MPCS (MANAGEMENT, PLANNING 13-17
AND CONTROL SCHEDULES)
CHAPTER IV
ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY 17-19(EHS)
SAFETY WORK PROCEDURES 20-21
CHAPTER V
QUALITY CONTROL
Le Chatelier Method 22-23 AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE 23 FLAKINESS INDEX AND ELONGATION INDEX 24-25
TESTS ON SOIL 26-30 GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS 31
CHAPTER VI
SITE EXECUTION
MIVAN TECHNOLOGY 32-33 SPECIFICATIONS 33-35 PICTURE GALLERY 35-42
CHAPTER VII
P&M
CONCRETING 43-44 MACHINERY USED 44-45
CHAPTER VIII
INVENTORY
STORES 46
CHAPTER IX
COST AND QUANTITY ESTIMATION 47-50
CHAPTER X
CONCLUSION 50
CHAPTER –I
ABSTRACT
This report has been made as a part of the training undertaken in the NCC Urban One, Narsingi
in Hyderabad. It describes different technical entities learnt and noted down as observation.
Whatever has been learnt everyday was noted down which helped us a lot in preparation of the
report. The engineers on the site have explained details of the construction process. Site
planning, site execution and quality control laboratory responsibilities were observed and noted
down. This training has helped in gaining hands on experience on different aspects of the
construction process and gave immense knowledge about basic concepts and helped in
understanding the theory concepts better. This has been once in a life time experience as it is one
of the most prestigious organization and getting a chance to learn concepts from the employees
of this organization has widened the knowledge and depth of the subject.
CHAPTER-II
INTRODUCTION
NCC Urban Infrastructure Ltd. is a Subsidiary of NCC Limited and comes Equipped with world class building techniques and state-of-the-art building infrastructure that is expertly commandeered by top-notch professionals.
NCC Urban Infrastructure's quality operations span across Residential and commercial complexes, townships, SEZs and serviced apartment complexes. The company has an impressive pan India presence across Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kochi, Vizag, Guntur, Ranchi and Dubai. Strict adherence to superior standards on time deliveries and transparent documentation has made preferred destination for individuals who are looking for quality living at affordable prices.
NCC Urban has inherited its experience and expertise from NCC Limited. Known for its excellence in the execution of Turn key projects, Industrial Buildings, Multistoried, Commercial structures, Townships, Roads, Bridges, Pipelines etc. and rated as growing Infrastructure Company in India with annual turnover nearly Rs. 6,200 crores.NCC Urban is developing the prestigious National Games Housing Complex Project in Ranchi, Jharkhand. The Company has also acquired lands in and around Bangalore, Chennai, Goa, Gurgaon, Hyderabad, Kakinada, Lucknow, Raipur and Vizag for its Real Estate projects. NCC Urban is all set to deliver 12.8 million sq.ft. of built up area spread over 286 acres in the next three years.
Vision
To be a world - class infrastructure enterprise committed to quality, timely completion, customer satisfaction, continuous learning and enhancement of stakeholder's value.
Mission
To build a strong future ensuring increased returns to shareholders and enhanced support to associates.
To adopt latest technologies in development, operation & maintenance of infrastructure projects.
To encourage innovation, professional integrity, up gradation of knowledge and skills of employees and a safe working environment.
To encourage innovation, professional integrity, up gradation of knowledge and skills of employees and a safe working environment.
To be a responsible corporate citizen committed to the social cause.
OVERVIEW
The Integrated Township spanned across a vast 32 acres of landscape in one of Hyderabad's fastest growing geographies, Narsingi. It's a premium residential community which is coming in 22 Acres of land with 12 mega towers and only 1317 apartments offering you everything that matches your expectations. Next 10 Acres of land is coming up with proposed Commercial spaces & Office spaces.
The club at urban one is one of the most complete of its kind and includes a lavish lounge bar, swimming pool, meditation hall, party hall, indoor games and much more. Other pampering facilities include landscaped walk-ways, gymnasium, yoga room, as well as outdoor and indoor children's play areas.
It is designed to indulge residents with a sanctuary of calm amidst the chaos of urban life. All the facilities will be fashioned to soothe the sense through ample greenery, with extensive landscaping, manicured lawns and walkways.
NCC Urban One is in close proximity to Wipro, Infosys, Microsoft, Polaris, CA, Capgemini, UBS, ICICI Towers, etc.. Close to all major residential, commercial and entertainment destinations. Strategically located, rubbing shoulders with the two most desired hubs – IT and Financial.
With a legacy of excellence spanning more than 25 years, NCC Urban is pooling its expertise to create illustrious landmarks across various regions in the country.
Location of Site
CHAPTER-III
SITE PLANNING:
Monthly, weekly and daily Reports are prepared from the planned work and
communicated to the site engineers. The execution of the work is monitored by a team of
Engineers. The work is done in coordination with all departments like Execution, Mechanical,
Electrical, P&M, Safety, Planning etc. so that there will be no restriction for working and for safe
execution. Manpower is estimated based on standards derived from the past experience. From
these predefined guidelines the daily manpower requirement against the planned quantities of
work is estimated. Stock of materials is maintained according to the requirement conveyed to
store one week before based on the look-ahead plan.
The stage of planning and costing primarily consist of preparation of Accepted Cost
Estimate (ACE) & getting approved from the Regional Manager. For the preparation of ACE,
Planning manager has to analyze all the items of work, with all the cost associated with the site
infrastructure and other relative cost. With the reference of schedule of quantities, the rate of all
the items will be analyzed with the available resources and site conditions and final report will be
prepared committing the total cost and the percentage of profit produced by the project. Job cost
report (JCR) is another cost statement prepared and reviewed periodically. JCR at the beginning
of the project is ACE.
Overview of the Proposed Project
Amenities provided in the proposed project after completion:
Aesthetically designed landscaped gardens all around the Building.
Elegantly designed Swimming Pool with Conjoined Toddler's pool.
Ultra modern Gymnasium with Steam & Sauna and massage room.
Fully fledged Club House with Billiards, Table Tennis & indoor badminton court etc.
Tennis Court, Badminton Court yard & Basket ball court yard
Multipurpose Hall.
Jogging track
Amphi theatre.
Party lawns
Green zones
Exclusive pick up and drop off zones for each tower
Exclusive Children's Play area.
2 No's of spacious high speed Automatic Passenger lifts.
100% Generator back up to all flats.
Intercom facility from flats to security Room to ensure screening of visitors.
Sewerage Treatment Plant.
Water Treatment Plant.
Fire fighting system as per Andhra Pradesh fire & safety norms.
Centralized piped gas connection.
MPCS (Management, Planning and Control Schedules):
These are schedules defined for every site at the beginning of the Site Management with
following objectives:
To establish an overall plan for the Project.
To mobilize different resources like Labor, Materials, Staff, and Construction Equipment
as planned for different activities.
To establish a plan for the amount to be billed per month.
To manage the Working capital better
The above objectives are accomplished through the preparation of schedules S0 to S10
explained here under.
Types of Schedule:
S0 – Construction Schedule
S1 – Invoice Schedule
S2 – Milestone Schedule
S3 – P & M Schedule
S4 – Staff Schedule
S5 – Sub- contractor Schedule
S6 – Material Schedule
S7 – Specialized Agency Schedule
S8 – Direct cost Schedule
S9 – Indirect Schedule
S10 – Cash- flow Schedule
S 0 - Construction Schedule
This is the master construction schedule showing the activities sequence and the period in which
the woks are planned to be performed. This schedule forms the basis and input for all other
scheduling to follow. This serves as the basis for the day-to-day activity planning weekly and
monthly and 3 month look ahead schedule made at site. This schedule contains activity code,
activity name, start date, finish date, duration, bar chart etc.
S 1 – Schedule of Invoicing
The schedule for invoicing is prepared with reference to the construction schedule S-0. The
quantity of work to be done each month and corresponding invoice value for each of the
activities is mentioned in this schedule. The product of quantity of work planned for the month
and the invoicing rate of the respective activities gives the invoicing for the month. Similarly, the
invoice value for the entire project is prepared. The mobilization advance payment of 10% of
contract value received from the Client is also mentioned in this schedule.
S 2 – Schedule of Milestone events
The milestone events in the S0 schedule are represented in this schedule with their estimated
duration of completion. Monitoring these mile stones gives the broad idea of progress of site.
The anticipated problems for the timely completion of milestone and necessary actions to avoid
the same are also listed along with the milestones.
S 3 - Schedule of Plant and Machinery
This schedule gives the comprehensive list of all the equipment required and their duration at
site. The duration is based on the construction schedule S0. This schedule will help the project
team, regional offices and Head resources department to enable timely arrangement of
mobilization & demobilization of P&M.
S4 – Schedule of Staff requirements
This schedule gives the details of staff requirement at site. This schedule assists the Head
resource department, cluster head and project team to arrange the timely mobilization of staff at
site. This schedule is also used to calculate the indirect cost in S9.
S5- Schedule of Labour requirement
This schedule gives the labor requirement for the project based on S0 schedule. A histogram is
prepared for each category of worker month wise. It is seen that there are not sudden peaks or
troughs in the schedule resulting in either idle or shortage of labor during the tenure of the
project. Also, it helps in planning stage wise mobilization of labor, particularly skilled workmen
like carpenters, masons, welders, fitters, bar benders etc. Further, it serves in assessing the
requirements of labor housing and other amenities at site.
S6 - Schedule of material requirement
This schedule gives the monthly requirement of major construction materials viz. cement,
structural steel, reinforcement steel, sand, aggregates, PT strands etc.. The purpose of this
schedule is to convey the requirement well before, so as arrange for procurement of materials
through site stores or regional office, taking into consideration the lead time.
S7- Schedule of Specialized agencies
This schedule lists out the nature of works to be carried out by the special agencies and the
duration of these special agencies / sub-contractors at site. The works that are planned to be
carried out by special agencies in this project are post tensioning works, fusion bonded epoxy
coating of rebars, water proofing etc. This schedule assists in timely mobilization of the agency.
S8 – Schedule of Direct Cost
This list included the direct cost for each activity. The direct cost includes the cost of labour
(S5), Plant and Machinery (S3), materials (S6) and sub-contractor (S7). For the estimation of
direct cost, the planning section generates a unique cost / recon code for each activity. The total
cost incurred for completion of the activities (Labor, material, P&M, Sub-contractor) is arrived
from these recon codes.
S9 - Schedule of Overheads (Indirect costs)
The indirect costs consists of various items such as Staff salaries, allowances, accommodation
and other facilities to the staff, temporary structures, labs and test setup, safety appliances, bank
guarantee and interest charges, insurance, postage, stationery, Xerox, telephone and fax,
subsidized food and other facilities at site, furniture, photos and videos, office equipments, etc.
S10 - Cash Flow
This shows the Cash inflow and Cash outflow in the site. Deficits arise because the invoices are solved only after 60 days. The cash inflow is in the form of payments made by the clients for the invoices raised and outflow is in the form of payments made to vendors, sub-contractors and the purchase of materials.
CHAPTER-IV
ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY (EHS)
NCC Urban is strongly committed to safety and accident prevention on project sites and work places to ensure that accidents do not take place, employees' morale and satisfaction is improved, and in turn, the performance of Company is enhanced.
One of our priorities is to protect the environment and the health and safety of the people who work for us. The effective management of health and safety and protection of the environment are integral to our business success.
Everyone at NCC Urban is accountable for environment, health and safety (EHS) and we work hard to foster a culture where these three factors are taken into account wherever we operate.
NCC Urban integrates HS&E into all areas of its operation, so that its sites are healthy and safe for all who work in them. NCC Urban is committed to carrying out all its activities without detriment to the Environment.
Objectives of EHS:
Establish & define line of command for resolution of all hazard prevention issues.
Define individual responsibilities hazard prevention & safety promotion responsibility at
each level of the construction team.
Identify highly hazardous operations within the scope of work and specify integrated
preventive measures to mitigate the same.
General EHS PPE’S And Safety Devices: These are the various PPE’s and safety
devices which are used for various type of protection at site:
Head Protection: All personals engaged for this job has to wear safety helmet along with
chin strap.
Hand Protection: Appropriated hand gloves will be used for materials handling,
concreting, welding, grinding, gas cutting, for chemical handling & Electrical work.
Eye Protection: Suitable goggles must be ensured for the personnel deployed for
welding (Face Shield), Grinding, Gas Cutting, Concreting, Chipping etc. work at site.
Ear Protection: The personnel engaged in the noise zone such as compressor operator,
Pneumatic Vibrators & Breakers, DG Operator etc. will be equipped with suitable ear
protection.
Protection from Dust & other poisonous gases: Suitable nose mask, face shield are to
be used by the individuals to protect them from dust, fumes & poisonous and toxic gases.
Body protection: Appropriate body protection like Boiler Suit, Aprons must be used by
the concern personnel at site.
Fall protection: All personnel working over 2.0 meter height must have the safety belt
tied in his waste at the ground level. Further he will have to anchor the safety belt with a
fixed structure before starting the work at height. Some special type of safety belt like fall
arrest devices also will be in used according to the nature & area of work
Safety Devices on a construction site.
Kevlar Boots
Fall Protection
Safety Work Procedures: Procedures
Safety procedures provide specific step-by-step information for all the employees and
outline how to conduct a particular task.
Purpose
The purpose of safety at the site is to provide guidance for achieving compliance with the
requirements at the construction site. In addition to that we have to ensure that all the employers
and employees are trained properly and comply with the developed procedures.
The main aspects to be followed in safety are:
i. ELIMINATION
ii .SUBSTITUTING
iii. SUPPORTING
iv. ADMINISTRATIVE
v. PPE (People Protection Equipment’s)
1. Elimination:
This is adopted to reduce the effect of harm caused to the workers at the site or
completely eliminate the obstacle which causes problem to the worker.
2. Supporting:
This is adopted when elimination and substitution is not possible. In this the object is
provided with supports so that risk assessment is reduced.
3. Substitution:
This is adopted when elimination can't be done i.e replacing the object which has the same properties in desired position.
4. Administrative:
Barricades are provided by the administrative in prohibited areas which are generally of two types. The main aim of administrative by provide barricades in prohibited areas which generally by two ways.
1. Soft Barricades:
These are the barricades which are surrounded by soft plastic material.
2. Rough Barricades:
These barricades are surrounded by fencing wire.
5. PPE (PEOPLE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT):
It is general method where all the workers are provided with basic equipment’s to protect
them from danger by which reduction of harm will be less.
Generalise Rules And Regulations
This section shall detail the general HSE rules and regulations to be adopted in the site.
a. Use of Personal Protective Equipment’s and safety devices relevant to the site activities.
b. General housekeeping stacking of materials.
c. Road safety inside project.
d. Access, Egress, and work station safety.
e. Safe use of construction power supply and up keeping maintenance of installations.
f. Maintenance and Inspection of plant and machinery.
g. Scaffolding and formwork.
CHAPTER-V
QUALITY CONTROL
Tests On Cement:
Soundness Test On Cement: Le Chatelier Method:
IS: 4031 (Part 3) – 1988.
It is very essential that cement after setting shall not undergo any change in volume,
because change in volume after setting of cement causes.
Cracks Expansion and Disintegration of concrete
The unsoundness is due to the following reasons:
If there is an excess of lime present in the cement
If cement would have undergone inadequate burning
Non uniform mixing of raw materials.
If there is large amount of magnesium and calcium sulphate content in the cement.
To achieve better properties of cement:
The magnesia content allowed in the cement shall not be more that 6%
Calcium sulphate (CaSO4) i.e.. gypsum is added to the clinker while grinding to
prevent flash set of cement
The quantity of gypsum in cement manufacturing varies from 3 to 5 per cent depending
upon Tricalcium Silicate (C3A) content.
Aggregate Impact Value (AIV): (IS: 2386 – PART – 4)
This test is conducted to determine the toughness of aggregates by impact test.
Type of Material: 20mm and 10mm aggregate
Sieve: IS sieve of sizes 12.5mm, 10mm, and 2.36mm for sieving the aggregates.
Manually: Aggregate of specified size is taken in layers and tampered it with 25blows each and
repeating it 3times.
Machine: sample should be kept in AIV machine under 15blows and collect the sample.
Limits:
< 10% Exceptionally strong
10–20% Strong
20–30% Satisfactory for road surfacing
> 35%Weak for road surfacing.
AIV should by less than 45%.
AIV Testing Machine
Flakiness Index and Elongation Index:
IS 2386 (Part-I)
Flakiness Index:
To determine the flakiness of the aggregates by standard flakiness gauge.
Type of Material: 20mm and 10mm aggregate.
Sieve: IS Sieve of sizes 63, 50, 40, 31.5, 25, 20, 16, 12.5, 10, 6.3mm.
Specifications:
It consists of a frame with a sliding panel. The panel has lots of different standard
lengths and widths accurately cut.
Min 200pieces of each fraction is tested.
The amount of flakey material passing the gauge is weighed to an accuracy of at least
0.1% of test sample.
Apparatus used to determine flakiness of the aggregates
Limits:
Test is not applicable for size less than 6.3mm.
Flakiness index for concrete is < 35%.
Flakiness index for bituminous and non-bituminous is max 15%.
Elongation Index: To determine the elongation of aggregates by standard elongation gauge.
Type of Material: 20mm and 10mm aggregate.
Sieve: IS Sieve of sizes 63, 50, 40, 31.5, 25, 20, 16, 12.5, 10, 6.3mm.
Specifications:
Consist of a hard wood base with vertically mounted metal studs.
Min 200pieces of each fraction is tested.
The total amount of elongated material retained by the length gauge is weighed to an
accuracy of at least 0.1% of test sample.
Apparatus used to determine the elongation of aggregates
Limits:
Test is not applicable for size less than 6.3mm.
Elongation index for concrete varies.
TESTS ON SOIL
Free Swell Index (FSC) :
IS: 2720 (Part 40)
To determine the free swell index of soil i.e. the increase in volume of soil without any
external constraint when subjected to submergence in water.
Sieve: 425 microns
Specifications:
Distilled water
Kerosene
Oven dry up to 1050 to 1150
Balance, with an accuracy of 0.01g
Graduated glass cylinder- 2 nos., each of 100ml capacity
Limits: Free swell index of soil is < 50%
Atterberg’s limits:IS 2720 (Part 5)
The objective of the Atterberg limits test is to obtain basic index information about the
soil used to estimate strength and settlement characteristics. The liquid (LL) and plastic (PL)
limits define the water content boundaries between non-plastic, plastic and viscous fluid states.
The plasticity index (PI) defines the complete range of plastic state.
Liquid Limit (LL)
IS 2720 (Part 5)
This test is done to determine the liquid limit of soil i.e. the liquid limit defines the
boundary between plastic and viscous fluid states. It is determined using a standard "Cone
Penetro Meter”.
Sieve: 425microns
Specifications:
Distilled water
Oven
Min 270gms of soil
Readings should be taken between 14 to 28mm
Min 4 readings should be taken
vessels
Errors considerations:
soil not uniformly mixed
handle turned too fast or too slow
height of fall adjusted improperly
Length of closure not 1/2 in.
Air drying of soil between trials.
Limits: Liquid limit of soil sample should be ¿ 40
Plastic limit
IS 2720 (Part 5)
This test is done to determine the plastic limit of soil i.e. the plastic limit defines the boundary
between plastic and non plastic states.
Sieve: 425microns
Specifications:
Distilled water
Oven
The rolled sample should be of 3cm
rolled threads of 3mm diameter
if water content is more threads can be <3mm
vessels
Large glass plate
Errors considerations:
improper technique in rolling thread
thread not 1/8 in. diameter
moisture content of sample too small
air drying of soil before moisture content taken
Limits: plastic limit of soil ¿ 20
Plasticity Index
The plasticity index (PI) defines the percentage of moisture content in liquid limit and
plastic limit. The plasticity index of a soil is the numerical difference between its liquid limit and
its plastic limit. The liquid limit and plastic limit are both expressed as percent moisture content.
PI
Non plastic plastic viscous fluid
PL LL
Water content (w %)
Proctor density/Maximum Dry Density/Optimum Moisture Content of Soil.
IS 2720(part 8)
This test is done to determine the maximum dry density or proctor density or optimum
moisture content of soil using heavy compaction.
Sieve: 4.75mm, 19mm and 37.5mm
Specifications:
Cylindrical metal mould Oven Balances 5layers-each layer 55blows Min 5 readings Tampering rod
Limits:
Density of soil should be > 1.75 gm/cc
Grain Size Analysis:IS 2720 (part 4)
The grain sieve analysis determines the relative proportions of different grain sizes as
they are distributed among the size ranges.
Sieve: 100, 19, 10, 4.75, 2.75, 600, 425, 300, 150, 75 microns
Specifications:
Stack of Sieves with pan and cover
4hours of soaking
oven
Mechanical sieve shaker
Limits: Percentage content of Sand Gravel Silt Cobalt etc…. will be known.
CHAPTER-VI
SITE EXECUTION
USE OF MIVAN TECHNOLOGY
In this particular project, NCC Urban One has taken a forward leap by making use of the mivan technology.
Mivan technology is suitable for constructing large number of houses in a short span of time using room size forms to construct walls and slabs in one continuous pour on concrete. In this system of formwork construction, cast–in–situ concrete wall and floor slabs cast monolithic provides the structural system in one continuous pour. To facilitate fast construction, early removal of forms can be achieved by hot air curing / curing compounds. Large room sized forms for walls and floor slabs are erected at site. These strong and sturdy forms are fabricated with accuracy and are easy to handle. The concrete is produced in RMC batching plants under strict quality control and convey it to site with transit mixers.
The frames for windows, doors and ducts for services are placed in the form before concreting. Staircase flights, façade panels, chajjas and jails etc. and other pre-fabricated items are also integrated into the structure. This proves to be a major advantage as compared to other modern construction techniques. High quality Mivan Formwork panels ensure consistency of dimensions. On the removal of the formwork mould a high quality concrete finish is produced to accurate tolerances and verticality. The high tolerance of the finish means that, no further plastering is required.
Uses of Mivan Formwork:
3S – System of Construction – Speed, Strength, Safety Column and beam construction are eliminated Walls and slabs are cast in one operation Specially designed, easy to handle light weight pre-engineered aluminium forms Fitting and erecting the portion of shuttering Carrying out concreting of the walls and slabs together.
Advantages:
Mivan formwork requires relatively less labour More seismic resistance Increased durability Lesser number of joints and reduced leakages Higher carpet area Smooth finishing of wall and slab Uniform quality of construction
Negligible maintenance Faster completion
Limitations:
Even though there are so many advantages of Mivan formwork the limitations cannot be ignored. However the limitations do not pose any serious problems. They are as follows:-
Because of few small sizes finishing lines are seen on the concrete surfaces Services after completing become slightly difficult due to the small width of components It requires uniform planning as well as uniform elevations to be cost effective The formwork requires number of spacer, wall ties etc. which are placed @ 2ft c/c; these
produce problems such as seepage, leakages during monsoon Due to box-type construction, contraction cracks are likely to appear Heat of hydration is high due to shear walls It is rigid in design once placed, as any alteration becomes tough later
Remedial Measures:
It is possible to minimize contraction cracks by providing control strips in the structure which could be concreted with a delay of about 3-7 days after major concreting. The problem of cracking can be avoided by minimizing the heat of hydration by using flash.
Specifications:
Structure
Seismic proof RCC framed Structure (Cellar + Stilt + 18 floors).
R.C.C/Block masonry walls for external and internal walls.
Flooring & Dado
Granite/Marble/Vitrified tile flooring in an Entrance Lounge and Passages.
Vitrified tile (600 mm X 600 mm) flooring in Living, Drawing, Dining, and Bedrooms & Kitchen Shall be of reputed Equivalent make.
Premium quality Anti Skid Ceramic tile flooring in Toilets, Balconies & Utility.
Premium quality designer Ceramic tile dado up to 7' height in Toilets Shall be of reputed make.
Premium quality Glazed Ceramic tile dado up to 3' height in Utility Area.
Kitchen
Premium quality Polished Granite with Stainless Steel Sink Shall be of reputed make.
Provision for Water inlet near Kitchen Sink for Water Purifier.
Premium quality Ceramic tile dado up to 2' height above Kitchen Granite Platform.
Doors & Windows
Engineered wood frame with Solid Core Flush shutter with polished Veneer finish for Main Door.
Engineered wood frames with Solid Core Flush shutter with polished Veneer finish Bedroom Door.
Engineered wood frames with Solid Core Flush shutter without side polished Veneer finish & inside enamel paint finish for Toilet, Balcony & Utility Doors.
Sliding/ casement UPVC doors/Windows
Powder Coated top hung shutter with a Provision for Exhaust fan for toilet ventilators.
Hardware
Premium quality Locks of reputed make for Main door.
Premium quality Cylindrical locks with key & SS hardware accessories for Bedroom doors.
Premium quality Powder Coated Aluminum door accessories for Balcony & Utility doors.
Plumbing & Sanitary Fixtures
White color single unit EWC's and below Counter type Wash Basins in all toilets shall be of reputed make.
Bath fixtures in all toilets of reputed make.
Electrical & Communications
PVC insulated wires of reputed make.
Premium quality distribution boards & MCB's shall be of reputed make.
Modular Electrical switches of reputed make.
Provision for Television cable in Living & Master Bedroom.
Provision for telephone point in Living & Bedrooms.
Provision for Chimney, Refrigerator, Microwave & exhaust fan in Kitchen.
Provision for Split AC points in all the Bedrooms.
Paints
Plastic Emulsion for interior Walls & Ceiling and Exteriors with external Emulsion/Textured finish.
Melamine polish finishes for Main door, Bedroom, Balcony & Utility doors.
Enamel paint for Toilet Doors inside.
Work in Progress- Picture Gallery:
Tower 5 – Initial Stage
Floor plan for Tower 1
Tower 1- Progress with time
Floor plan for Towers 2 & 3
Tower 3 – Progress with time.
Floor plan for Tower 4
Tower 4 – Progress with time
CHAPTER-VII P&M:It is the plant and machinery division which is mainly responsible of all the electrical and heavy
machinery and maintenance of them. The diesel generators which are used for providing power
during power cuts or power failure maintenance of it is also maintained by the P&M people.
Any repair and problem of the instrument or vehicle owned by the clients is taken care by these
people.
PLANT AND MACHINERYCONCRETING
Concreting which consists of concrete batching, transporting and placing, is a major construction
operation. Work Study of concreting processes can lead to significant productivity
improvements. It is also useful to compare a few alternatives before deciding on an optimal
concreting method.
Sophistication
Cement Pumped & Stored in Silos
Batching Computerized Weigh Batching
TransportationDelivery in Transit Mixers 6 cum Capacity up to 30 Km distance
PumpingAchieved in Cement Plants up to 80M Height & Other projects up to 28m Height
Standardization
Materials From Standard predetermined source
Mix DesignPush button Controls to recall any design mix proportions stored
Quality Regular Quality checks on Materials and Plant
Batching Plant
Machinery Used:
GRADING:
Grader
Transportation:
Transit Mixer
Pumping:
CHAPTER-VIIIINVENTORY
STORES:
Stores management is part of the overall function of materials management.
THE MAJOR RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE STORES ARE
Identification of all materials stored
1. Receipt of incoming goods2. Inspection of all receipts3. Storage and preservation4. Materials handling5. Packing6. Issue and dispatch7. Maintenance of stock records8. Stores accounting9. Inventory control10. Stock taking
General store at a construction site.
CHAPTER-IX COST AND QUANTITY ESTIMATION
Cost estimation is a well formulated prediction of the probable cost of a specific construction project.
The conceptual cost estimate is becoming more important to owners, architects and builders. It is a tool for determining required funding and to gauge the needs of a project. This tool continues to be refined during the design stages of the project.
The cost estimate accounts for all times that will generally be included in the general contractors bid. The cost estimate is prepared by breaking down the items of work using a standard format and determining the cost of each item from experience and a data base of current construction cost information.
A problem with cost overrun can be avoided with credible, reliable and accurate cost estimate.
An estimator or quantity surveyor is professional who prepares cost estimates.
The bill of quantities (BOQ) for project is prepared based on the bill of materials (BOM) calculated for the same. To calculated the BOM’s standard calculation procedures are followed with the help of architectural drawings and specifications provided. Once BOM’s are calculate the BOQ’s are prepared by following the appropriate course.
Apart from being a tool in estimating cost, estimation of quantities also helps check the requirements of quantities of various works in order to avoid wastages and shortage of materials
TYPES OF COST ESTIMATE::
Cost estimate fall into two groups: conceptual estimates and detailed estimates. Each can be broadly defined as follows
CONCEPTUAL ESTIMATE: Conceptual estimating or parametric estimating is the process of establishing a project’s cost, often before any graphical representation of a facility has been developed. These are used mainly for budgeting purposes.
DETAILED ESTIMATE: The detailed cost estimate is the product of a process whereby the cost of a proposed construction project is predicted. The estimate is prepared by breaking down the items of work in a orderly manner and logical basis, determining the cost of each item from experience and summarizing the total.
APPROXIMATE METHODS OF COST ESTIMATION:
Approximate Quantities Method: In approximate quantities method all-in-price of each different element or component of building is worked out as a accurately as the first step. The number of
units for each element or component are worked out approximately and multiplied by the all-in-price per unit. All the different elements of the building when added up will give the approximate cost of the building, after making an allowance for sundry items overlooked.
The method requires more time thsn other methods, but will yield s result more nearer to the final actual cost, depending on the efforts and experience of the estimator.
EMPERIACAL FORMULAE METHOD
The quantities of materials and labour days multiplied by the current market rates for the same ,yield approximate construction cost of the building when added up.
BUILDING COST INDEX METHOD
The building cost index method of approximately estimating the cost of a building is suitable for govt. dept. like CPWD/MES/Railways etc. whose construction activity continues year after, and is spread all over the country .average cost of the construction of a particular type of building, in the usually head quarter region of the department, in a particular year is worked out for the particular type of a building is allotted the index 1, and the particular year is treated ass base year. With this, the variation in the price due to passage of time as well as regional difference in construction costs can be monitored, and efficiently used for preparing approximate estimates.
NUMBER AND TIMING: The number of cost estimates required will be project owner specific, and will generally be linked to the various design phases of the project. A cost estimating approach to a typical project, which dedicates the number and timing of cost estimates, can be summarized as follows:
PRE-DESIGN PHASE:
Prior to the commencement of construction and/or design the cost estimator prepares a cost model and budget cost plan for the project. The cost model establishes a construction budget and defines how the project budget is to allocated among various building systems. The cost model also confirms the project scope and identifies any costs or work to be funded separately.
Schematic/Design Development Phase:
The cost estimator works as an integral member of the design team to evaluate design decision made throughout the design phases against the pre-established cost model. This approach allows the cost management team to provide an integrated value engineering process throughout the design phase. At the end of the schematic design and design development stages, the cost
estimator produces a comprehensive cost estimate. The estimate is compared against the cost model developed during the pre-design phase of the project.
Contract document phase:
Further cost estimate are prepared upon completion of thge 50% and 100% construction document stages.
ACCURACY:
The cost estimate is based on the measurement and pricing of quantities wherever information is provided and/or reasonable assumptions for other work not specifically covered in the drawings or specifications. Unit rates are based on historical data on historical data and discussions with contractors and sub-contractors.
The unit rates reflect current bid in the area. All units to subcontractor work include the subcontractors overhead and profit unless otherwise stated.the mark-ups cover the costs of field overhead, home office overhead and profit and range form 15% to 25% of the cost for a particular item of work.
Pricing reflects probable construction costs obtainable in the project locality on the data of cost estimate of probable costs. This estimate is a determination of fair market value for the construction of the project.
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT FOR PRICING
The unit of measurement is dedicated by the specific item and also by the level of estimating detail
Concrete cubic meter (m3)
Reinforcement steel metric ton (MT)
Formwork square meter (m2)
Excavation and backfilling of soil cubic meter (m3)
Sheeting square meter (m2)
COMPONENTS:
Costs estimates are broken down into different sections, which can be referred to as components,
elements or divisions. Cost estimators will generally use o component format for their cost
estimates. Components are basic parts of construction or groups of building systems performing
a specific function(s). Construction costs are segregated by component for comparison and
analysis. Following is a brief description of each component in a typical component format
estimate that represents a good checklist to ensure that all relevant items have been included in
the cost estimate.
1. Excavation
2. Backfilling
3. PCC base
4. Foundation
5. Beam
6. Columns
7. Walls
8. Roof top
CHAPTER-XCONCLUSION
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