Native Americans

Why do you think many of the first Americans continued to travel

southward after

crossing the land bridge?

Farmers Gatherers

Hunters Fishermen

Native Americans in Native Americans in TexasTexas

Use this to put each Native

American tribe into the

correct category.

Native Americans in Native Americans in TexasTexas

The Fishermen:

Karankawas and Atakapans

The Plant Gatherers:

Tonkawas and Coahuiltecans

The Hunters:

Kiowas, Lipan Apaches and Comanches

The Farmers:

Caddoes and Whichitas

How did the environment How did the environment affect Native Texans?affect Native Texans?

what they ate, what they lived in, what they ate, what they lived in, how they survived, their customshow they survived, their customs

What are some uses of the buffalo?

The Fishermen:The Fishermen:Karankawas & AtakapansKarankawas & Atakapans

lived along the Gulf coast from the lower Trinity River to Corpus Christi

What do these two pictures say about the Fishermen?

The Fishermen:The Fishermen:Karankawas & AtakapansKarankawas & Atakapans

The Fishermen:The Fishermen:Karankawas & AtakapansKarankawas & Atakapans

• The Karankawa men were tall, powerfully built people.

• The Atakapan people were short and stout.

• Both tribes smeared themselves with alligator grease and dirt to ward off mosquitoes.

The Fishermen:The Fishermen:Karankawas & AtakapansKarankawas & Atakapans

• lived in huts that had to be easy to take apart and carry.

• Main diet – from the Gulf waters.

–oysters, clams, scallops, turtles

–Gathered nuts, berries, seeds

The Fishermen:The Fishermen:Karankawas & AtakapansKarankawas & Atakapans

• They held ceremonial dances and festivals.–Only the men danced

• Few remained in Texas after 1858.

The Plant Gatherers:The Plant Gatherers:Tonkawas & CoahuiltecansTonkawas & Coahuiltecans

lived along the rivers and creeks of Central Texas and inland from Galveston Bay westward

What do these two pictures say about the Plant Gatherers?

The Plant Gatherers:The Plant Gatherers: Tonkawas & CoahuiltecansTonkawas & Coahuiltecans

The Plant Gatherers:The Plant Gatherers:Tonkawas & CoahuiltecansTonkawas & Coahuiltecans

• Both were small, well-built people.

• Their headdresses were elaborately decorated with animal horns and bright feathers.

The Plant Gatherers:The Plant Gatherers:Tonkawas & CoahuiltecansTonkawas & Coahuiltecans

• lived in low circular huts that were dome shaped.

• Gathered – herbs, roots, seeds, fruits

• Hunted – rabbits, turtles, skunks, snakes, deer, wild pigs

The Plant Gatherers:The Plant Gatherers:Tonkawas & CoahuiltecansTonkawas & Coahuiltecans

• When a loved one died, mourning was for 3 months… they did not leave the camp during this time.

• Many moved to Mexico and joined tribes there.

The Hunters:The Hunters:Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, & Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, &

ComanchesComanches

roamed constantly from the northern part of West Texas down to the border and over into Mexico and New Mexico

What do these two pictures say about the Hunters?

The Hunters:The Hunters:Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, Kiowas, Lipan Apaches,

& Comanches& Comanches

The Hunters:The Hunters:Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, & Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, &

ComanchesComanches

• Both wore clothing made of tanned buffalo hide or deerskin decorated with beads, shells, and animal teeth.

The Hunters:The Hunters:Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, & Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, &

ComanchesComanches

• lived in tepees of buffalo hide.• Main source of food: Buffalo• They considered it healthful to drink

the warm blood of a freshly killed animal.

The Hunters:The Hunters:Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, & Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, &

ComanchesComanches

• When a young man was ready to become a warrior, he was sent alone for four days and nights to await visions. These visions would guide him for the remainder of his life.

• Because of wars and diseases of the white man, there were virtually none left in Texas by the early 1900s.

The Farmers:The Farmers:Caddoes & WichitasCaddoes & Wichitas

lived in the Piney Woods area of East Texas and near Dallas and Ft. Worth.

What do these two pictures say about the Farmers?

The Farmers:The Farmers:Caddoes & WichitasCaddoes & Wichitas

The Farmers:The Farmers:Caddoes & WichitasCaddoes & Wichitas

• Both painted themselves with bright colors and wore shells, bones, animal teeth, seeds and feathers.

• All Native Americans practiced tattooing.

The Farmers:The Farmers:Caddoes & WichitasCaddoes & Wichitas

• built grass huts that looked like beehives.

• grew corn, beans, melons, pumpkins, tobacco, and squash.

• gathered wild berries, nuts, figs, peaches, and honey.

• trapped small animals such as rabbit.

The Farmers:The Farmers:Caddoes & WichitasCaddoes & Wichitas

• Not all men of the tribe were warriors.

• Because of wars and diseases of the white man, there were virtually none left in Texas by the early 1900s.

Sources:http://www.usgs.gov/features/native_americans.html

Celebrating Texas. 1. Austin, Tx.: Lone Star Publishing, 2003.

Lone Star . 1. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003.

Texas!. 1. Austin, Texas: Holt, Rinehart, and

Winston, 2003.

Farmers Gatherers

Hunters Fishermen

Native Americans in TexasNative Americans in Texas