National Conception Day: A Good Idea ?

http://www.tedxkidsbc.com/2011/05/vision/

Population Policies

What types of population policies exist ?

http://www.monochrom.at/english/2008/04/demographic-winter.htm

Pro-natalist or Expansive

Anti-natalist or Restrictive

http://www.greenprophet.com/countries/afghanistan/

Maintenance or Stability

http://www.yooj.co.uk/test_page_1.html http://www.visualphotos.com/image/2x4628085/russian_babys_feet_sticking_out_from_blanket

2 babies.1

+

Migration Policies

http://www.cbc.ca/history/SECTIONSE1EP16CH3LE.html

International

Domestic

http://usa-green-card.com/blog/index.php/tag/green-card-lottery/

Eugenics

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/7861604/List-of-French-who-collaborated-with-Nazis-to-be-published-online.html

http://statismwatch.ca/1997/06/01/alberta-barren-the-mannings-and-forced-sterilization-in-canada/

2009

• 36 countries have pro-natalist policies

• 67 countries have anti-natalist policies

• 33 countries have maintenance policies

Country Type of Policy Years Incentives

U.S.S.R. Pro-natalist 1944 - 1992 Medals / respect

Russia Pro-natalist 2006 •$10,000 for 2nd & subsequent children•monthly support $

Summary Sheet of Pro-natalist and Anti-natalist Policies

Example:

Pro-natalist incentives

Anti-natalist incentives

Pro-natalist   Anti-natalistCBR CDR RNI   CBR CDR RNI

Russia 13 14 -0.1  China 12 7 0.5Japan 8 9 -0.1  Egypt 25 5 2Germany 8 10 -0.2  India 23 7 1.6Singapore 9 4 0.5  Vietnam 17 7 1Iran 19 6 1.3  Indonesia 19 6 1.3France 13 9 0.4  Ethiopia 37 10 2.7Australia 14 6 0.8  Bolivia 26 7 1.9Newfoundland 9 9 0  Nepal 25 6 1.9Quebec 11 7 0.4  Philippines 25 6 1.9

  Niger 48 12 3.6  Mali 45 15 3

Does where a country fits within the DT influence the type of population policy they implement ?

Birth rates are plotted

pro-natalist

anti-natalist

Does where a country fits within the DT influence the type of population policy they implement ?

(horizontal position is what is important)

pro-natalist

anti-natalist

RNI x 10 is plotted

Pro-natalist or Expansive Policies

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1384422/Special-investigation-Inside-migrant-maternity-ward-NHS-struggling-cope.html

*Why would a country want a pro-natalist policy ?

• replaces those lost in war and civil unrest

• build up the military

• replace retiring folks in the workforce

• support the increasing number of seniors

• occupy parts of a country that are virtually empty

• help develop the resources of a state

• lead to economic growth

• increase majority/minority percentages

• gain more influence internationally

Examples: of Pro-natalist Policies

Past and Present

http://www.imb.org/southern-africa/images/Malagasy_children.jpg

U.S.S.R.

1944 – 1992

awarded medals to women in order to encourage a high fertility rate.

Why ?

• Motherhood Medals

• Order of the Glory of Motherhood or Order of Maternal Glory

• Order of Mother Heroine

3 Categories of Medals were Presented

Motherhood Medals

5 children 8,000,000 awarded

2nd Class

6 children 4,000,000 awarded

1st Class

Order of Maternal Glory

7 children - 2,000,000 awarded

3rd Class

8 children - 1,000,000 awarded

2nd Class

1st Class

9 children - 500,000 awarded

Order Mother Heroine

10 children 200,000 awarded

People’s Republic of Albania

http://www.albaniancorner.com/store/Medals%20&%20Orders%20&%20Militaria/c22/index.html

Order of Mother Heroine 10 children

1944 - 1992

Medals for bearing,raising, & educating children

Albania Communist Order: Motherhood Glory

Class I Class II Class III

9 children 6 children 3 children

Germany Cross of Honor of the German Mother

1938 - 1944http://nobeliefs.com/mementoes.htm

Bronze 3rd Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 4, 5Silver 2nd Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 6, 7Gold 1st Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 8 or more

Diamond – 14 or more ?

http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-medals/nazi2.htm

German Mother’s Cross

14 children ?

17 diamonds

http://snyderstreasures.com/pages/motherscross.htm

Hello, I just ran across your site with the rare diamond mothers cross. My grandmother was awarded this, she had 13 kids, 11 were boys. It was told to me by my father that it was given to her in his home town of Danzig. I had searched many times trying to find and information regarding this and all I found was the gold silver and bronze crosses. I thought maybe my dad was mistaken when he reported that hers had diamonds in it.   I spoke with my dad and got a lot more information on how my grandmother received that cross.  She was the only one in Danzig and was in the newspaper for it.  My grandmothers name was Anna Noetzel Sirotzki, born Feb. 23 1894. It was given in Danzig. Now known as Gdansk. If you are a war buff you know about Danzig. The 5 black cars came with the Nazi flags to my dads home, the address was Nr 5 Rammbau Strasse, Danzig. The 2 men presented it were of the Nazi party named, Gauleiter Forsterar and Senatsprasiden Arthur Greiser. They were the highest in charge in the City next to Hitler in Danzig and Poland. My dad said it was a huge presentation and party. The newspapers were there as well. This is why that cross is so important to my family. And why if I had the money I would buy it. To me it means the world. My father is so excited to finally have confirmation of the cross. He is now 81 yrs old and in poor health but his memory is sharp as a tack.  I wish he had it but it is long gone and your is to much for me to ever afford. It is nice to see that it does desist. I guess I am wondering how you located this rare item? With this being part of my family hermitage I wish I had 5 grand.   Sincerely, Monica W.

http://www.snyderstreasures.com/pages/motherscross.htm

Bulgaria 1950 - 1991

Medal for Maternity, 1st class 4 children

Medal for Maternity, 2nd class 3 children

http://www.shopbulgaria.com/communist-period-1948-1989-5007.html

Bulgarian Order of Mother Glory (original version)

http://www.shopbulgaria.com/communist-period-1948-1989-5007.html

Class I Class 2 Class 3

4, 5 children ? 6,7 children ? 8/9 children ?

Bulgarian Order of Mother Glory (newer version)

http://www.shopbulgaria.com/communist-period-1948-1989-5007.html

Class I Class 2 Class 3

MongoliaOrder of Maternal Glory : 1957

First Class Second Class

9 children 5 – 8 children

http://crazymongol.tripod.com/order_of_maternal_glory.htm

Mongolia

Russia

2005 - 06 Putin identified the demographic crisis

2011 boost the BR by 30% over the next 4 years & increase life expectancy ($54 billion )

2012 Russia's long-standing demographic crisis, ….. could eventually turn the huge country into “a geopolitical 'void' whose fate would be decided by other powers” unless current trends are turned around.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/21/vladimir-putin-increasing-russian-life-expectancy

Russia Recent incentives 2006 - 2012

• 2nd & subsequent babies - ~ $10,000 (pd. at age 3)

- ~ $60.00 / month

• if more than 3 children - ~ $250 / month

http://somatosphere.net/2011/12/%E2%80%98population-prescriptions%E2%80%99-pronatalism-and-the-fear-of-underpopulation-in-post-soviet-russia.html

•child’s ed.

•improve living conditions / mortgage

•mother’s retirement

• more available daycare

• adjustable work schedules for women

• smart immigration policy – encourage expats to return home (cash, social benefits, jobs)

--encourage talented young foreigners to immigrate

• established a special system of pension for housewives as a separate class

• financial support for single mothers

Russia Recent incentives continued

Russia Recent incentives continued

2008 Year of the Family

http://www.farfrommoscow.com/articles/songs-for-russias-day-of-family-fidelity-and-love.html

Russia Recent incentives continued

July 8 new national holiday – Day of Family, Love, and Fidelity

http://somatosphere.net/2011/12/%E2%80%98population-prescriptions%E2%80%99-pronatalism-and-the-fear-of-underpopulation-in-post-soviet-russia.html

A 3rd child means wealth will be tripled in the third millennium.

• earlier births

• stable families – reduce divorce rate, revive family values

• promote patriotism – babies for Russia

• “Give me Life Campaign”

• medals for long married couples with children (~ 25 years)

Princesses Masako & Aiko

Japan

Japan

Government Incentives• improved parental leave (1 yr. @ 66.7%)

• local govn’ts (rural) cash bonuses• monthly allowance (~ 300/child)

• New Angel Plan (more available daycare & less working hours)

• free pre-natal care and deliveries

Companies are urged to have family-friendly packages• monthly payments (Matsushita)

• shorter hours (Nippon Telegraph & Telephone)

• fertility treatments paid for (Canon)

• $400 (1st) - $40,000 (5th) (Softbank)• $1000 – 1st, $2000 – 2nd, $20,300 for 3rd + (Koei Tecmo )

http://factsanddetails.com/japan.php?itemid=600&catid=18

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/lifestyle/2006-05/11/content_586920.htm

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/lifestyle/2006-05/11/content_586920_2.htm

Stop the birth rate decline bra, babies support old people

Japan

Labour force

Women (cumulative causation)

Immigration policy (Nation-state)

Robotics

http://www.thedetroitbureau.com/2009/03/japanese-big-three-production-plunging/

http://www.superstock.com/stock-photos-images/4102-24539

Their earlier anti-natalist policies worked so well, Singapore is now promoting births again

Singapore

http://ethanwan.blogspot.com/2009/12/dr-koh-poh-kian-sbcc.html

Child Development Credit & Baby Bonus

Singapore

CDC - Jan. 1, 2005 Dec. 31, 2011 - $300 - $400 per child per year in CDA

Baby Bonus• Started in 2001 and modified since

• $4000 for 1st & 2nd child• $6000 for 3rd & 4th child

Born after Aug 17, 2008 matching contributions - parents/government

Dec. 31 year child turns 6 $6000 1st & 2nd

(total or /yr. ?) $12,000 3rd & 4th

$18,000 5th & subsequent

Born before Aug 17, 20 matching contributions for 2nd – 4th babies only

Singapore

Social Development Unit 1984(started) 2006(changed)

• to improve the social networking between busy working individuals

• organize activities for its members

http://www.myspaceanimations.com/myspace-animations-heart-graphics.html

Social Development Unit

“The Chemistry Guide: When Boy Meets Girl”, '' focusing on the overworked, the shy, and the "cosmetically challenged."

The guide reminds hopeful singles that "Skin-care products are must-have investments" and "There's no bigger turnoff than a foul mouth, reeking with leftovers from lunch!"

“Dare to Date"

2 free publications

http://healthscreeningpackagessingapore.com/

Family Matters/Singapore government department

Singapore

http://www.openmentis.com/Romancing_Singapore.htm

http://www.sp.edu.sg/wps/portal/vp-spws/schcls.abt.ourproducts.romancingsg

http://www.sp.edu.sg/wps/portal/vp-spws/schcls.abt.ourproducts.romancingsg

Singapore

His a

nd H

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Com

miss

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by F

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Mat

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Singapore

http://thepreppyprincess.wordpress.com/2008/05/30/an-actual-preppy-link-to-sex-and-the-city-omg/

govn’t allowing more suggestive programming (TV and movies)

SDU = Social Development Unit

or

Singapore

Criticisms

Single, Desperate, and Ugly

Social Engineering (eugenics ?)

http://funnymalaysia.blogspot.com/2007_10_01_archive.html

Singapore

Dr. Wei Siang Yu

Dr. Love’s midnight talk show (bathtub tutorials) (rekindle the passion)

Dr. Love’s Super Baby-Making Show (9 /10 couples - $100,000)

August 9th is Singapore’s National Day, Mentos wants to turn it into National Night

When people can do their civic duty

2012 TFR = 0.78lowest in the world

Singapore August 9, 2012

WatNational Night Video l

Australia

http://www.familyassist.gov.au/payments/family-assistance-payments/baby-bonus/

Baby bonus - ~2004

“have one for your husband, one for your wife, and one for the country”

$5000/child

Family tax benefits

1967 – first anti-natalist policy

1979 – pro-natalist

1988 – anti-natalist

2006 – pro-natalist

Anti-natalist or pro-natalist ?

Iran

Why ?

• start of Islamic Revolution

• family planning program – western influence

• promotion of contraception by health officials banned

• procreation to bolster the ranks of “soldiers for Islam”

(8 year war with Iraq)Ayatollah Khomeini

http://www.fnb.to/FNB/Article/Khomeyni/Khomeiny3.jpg

1979

Khomeini’s pro-natalist policy resulted in GR of 3.2%

Total fertility rate rose to 7

1988

2006

“I am against saying that two children are enough. Our country has a lot of capacity. It has the capacity for many children to grow in it. It even has the capacity for 120 million people. Westerners have got problems. Because their population growth is negative, they are worried and fear that if our population increases, we will triumph over them.” Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/38434672/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/t/iran-will-pay-new-babies-boost-population/

2006

• encouraged more babies

• reduced working hours for women

• 70,000,000 increase to 120,000,000

• July ~ $980 at birth and ~ $98/yr. until 18 can be used at age 20 – marriage, educ., health, or house

(Politics ? more sign. To poor, his supporters

• Nov. encourage citizens to marry and reproduce earlier20 males 16/17 girls

increase to 150,000,000

2010

Sub-state Level Pro-natalist Policies

• Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia - Family Contact Day (Conception Day)

http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/ulyanovsk/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Newfoundland_and_Labrador,_Canada.svg

• Quebec, Canada

• Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20268426/ns/world_news-europe/t/russians-offered-day-prizes-procreate/

Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia - Family Contact Day (Conception Day)

Grand Prize winners of “Give Birth to a Patriot on Russia’s Independence Day” Contest

http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/ulyanovsk/

Conception Day started Sept. 12, 2005

• possible day off work to allow for conception / contests / displays

• if birth June 12 - win a prize

• TVs, washing machines, SUV

• Grand Prize to the parents judged to be the fittest

Quebec, Canada

1950s – very high total fertility rate *Why ?

1980s – one of the lowest in Canada Why ?

Quebec government wanted to increase the TFR *Why ?

Quebec

1987 – 1992

• $ 500 for each of 1st 2 children• $3000 for each subsequent child• child care facilities improved & expanded • tax free family allowance if 2 or more children• interest free housing loans (up to $7000)

1992 – 1997

• $ 500 for 1st child• $1000 for 2nd• $6000 for each subsequent child• other benefits remain the same

1997 program cancelled

• couples who have a baby within 5 years of finishing university will get 1/2 their student loan paid off

2003 election

Parti Quebecois’ platform

involved population

expansion

Bernard Landry

Quebec

Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

out-migration *Why ?

declining fertility

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Newfoundland_and_Labrador,_Canada.svg

http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photography-newfoundland-fishing-boats-image10517522

http://jewishwings.com/trips/newfoundland/

http://www.oilsandsdevelopers.ca/index.php/oil-sands-technologies/mining/

http://www.reocities.com/ftmcmurray2003/

• $1000 per birth or adopted baby

• improved maternity/paternity program

• improved daycare

Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

http://www.whiterockdaycare.ca/photogallery_chrismas.htm

Anti-natalist Policies

http://monkeygeography.wordpress.com/ib/

http://www.zazzle.com/antinatalism

Why would a country want an anti-natalist policy ?

• cannot afford to provide for them

• overpopulation concerns - limited available resources local, national, international SCALE

• allow more women in the workforce and boost economy

• repress a group of people separate policy for certain groups or different applications of the policy (see 2nd last slide)

China

2 different programs in recent years

• Later, Longer, Fewer Policy 1971

• One Child Policy 1979

What difference would it make when you got married ?

http://www.photoshopessentials.com/photo-effects/photo-templates/ http://www.world-of-weddings.com/wedding-dresses/older-bride-wedding-dress.html

One Child Policy 1979

- rewards start once 1 child contract is signed

Rewards

• free medical care

• free daycare and schooling

• guaranteed job for child

• bonuses for parents

• extra maternity leave

• better housing

• bigger old age pension

Penalties

• must repay financial benefits

• educational, medical benefits, & guaranteed jobs are withdrawn

• parents’ wages reduced

*How did the government persuade its citizens to cooperate ?

80,000 Family Planning Workers

http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html

http://www.nisjapan.minidns.net/nis/galleries/5thgradestudentwork/5thGradeChinaProject/07CN.html

Education Program

Peer pressure

Advertizing

http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html

Carry out family planning Implement the basic national policy

http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html

Clever and pretty healthy and lovely

source: http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html

http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.htmlhttp://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html

How many missing girls are there in the under 20 categories ?

Little emperors Any social problems ?

China

Birth Control

Abortions

Sterilization

http://www.chinatouristmaps.com/china-maps/ethnic-minorities-in-china.html

http://blog.hilncore.com/2011/07/brazilian-meatball-served-with-a-condom/

Eugenics

In recent years China has relaxed the rules, and in some cases have even started encouraging two children. (in some districts in certain situations)

Why ?

In many cases, parents are not takingadvantage of this opportunity.

*Why ?

http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/innovations/post/un-population-fund-execdirector-i-wish-them-interesting-lives/2011/10/12/gIQAjWn7bM_blog.html

Philippines

http://www.atheistnexus.org/group/atheistnews/forum/topics/vatican-city-continuing-the?commentId=2182797%3AComment%3A1276319&xg_source=activity&groupId=2182797%3AGroup%3A3247

http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/8055471-lagman-confused-on-rh-bill

Politics vs ReligionPhilippines

http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/reproductive-health-bill-a-population-measure-filipino-rep-admits-then-bac/

Politics vs ReligionPhilippines

Nepal

Bolivia

http://info.k4health.org/pr/j50/p5.jpg

Ethiopia

Indonesia

Vietnam

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3206/3150039863_cb3ba3359d.jpg?v=0

India

Wait until the 1st child is 3 before having your 2nd

www.ecoworld.com/waters/indias-

population.html

India vs. China

India s extremists want anti-Muslim family planning measureUmmah News ^ | June 14 2002

India's Hindu extremist party, the VHP, has asked the government to enforce family planning measures on the Muslim population, saying its rapid increase is "detrimental" to Hindus in the country.

Egypt

YANGON, Myanmar — The local authorities in the western state of Rakhine in Myanmar have imposed a two-child limit for Muslim Rohingya families, a policy that does not apply to Buddhists in the area and comes amid accusations of ethnic cleansing during earlier sectarian violence.

Officials said Saturday that the new measure would be applied to two Rakhine townships that border Bangladesh and that have the highest Muslim populations in the state.

(early May 2013) (Central government officials have yet to review the law)

One Region in Myanmar Limits Births of Muslims

Annapolis Royal, N.S. Fort McMurray, Alb.

Are there demographic problems here ?

What type of population policies might be appropriate ?