Post on 17-Jul-2020
Naresh Kumar, Vipan Kumar,
Taposik Banerjee, Kasturi Mandal
NISTADS
National Conference on Green Jobs
24-25 June 2010, New Delhi
International situation
� Both in case of Brazil and India, skills development
activities for greening the economy exist but are not
embedded in an overall policy framework.
� National Climate Change strategies in India, Brazil
and China indicate national adaptation needs and
priorities, but fall short of providing concrete
procedures and strategies for meeting adaptation
needs and mitigation goals.
� China possesses the most favourable conditions for green job creation followed by Japan and India. In the cases of China and India, the sheer size of many green industry sectors—such as renewables and potential for carbon reduction, as well as the number of university educated talent—provide market opportunities and human capital that can enable green development.
� Green job policies - China lags slightly behind Japan and Korea. Comparing green job market demand and green job enablers, China and India have room for improvement in terms of green job enablers relative to the demand, whereas Korea has more proactive enablers than it has demand.
Source: Asia Business Council, “Addressing Asia’s New Green Jobs Challenge”Report, 2009
Greening methods of the leather tanning industry may fall into three
broad categories:
� Reduction of the use of water in the tanning process.
The effect of this is twofold. First, water is being used more efficiently. Secondly, as
the amount of some chemical to be used in the tanning process is determined as the
amount per litre of water, the reduction in the requirement of water automatically
reduces the requirement of the chemical.
� Use of low-waste technologies.
These technologies reduce the effluent pollution load by avoiding the use of harmful
chemicals in the tanning process and produce solid wastes which can be used as by-
products. The Central Leather Research Institute is promoting a whole range of
technologies that fall in this group.
� Treatment of waste water.
This involves establishment of effluent treatment plants where separation of sludge
from the waste water is done and then the waste water is treated in a way that the
final water that comes out become reusable.
Green jobs generation:
� All the existing employees after adapting
these environment friendly technologies turns
into green color employees.
� Running of the Common Effluent Treatment
Plant (CETP) creates new green jobs.
� Running of the chrome recovery units
generates new green jobs.
Apart from offering regular academic and
vocational training programmes, CLRI organized
on-site demonstration programmes to help the
tanners adapt the new technologies which is
sufficient for the workers to adapt to the new
technologies.
• RKMLP conceived designed and initiated the first Demand
Driven Sanitation Strategy (DDSS) of the country in
Midnapore district in the year 1990 jointly with UNICEF and
implemented the same in collaboration with Government of
West Bengal and Midnapore Zilla Parishad.
• As a result of this dedicated mission, household toilet
coverage increased to 100% in Midnapore district in 2007
from 4.47% in 1991.
•Midnapore Model
Categories Function Occupations
Manufacturin
g
Construction of wells,
tube-wells, Filter making,
sanitary pans etc
Master masons,
village masons,
artisans,
mechanical fitters
Operation
and
Maintenance
Timely inspection of the
wells, tube wells and
toilets and
maintaining/repairing the
same as and when
necessary
Village masons,
mechanical
fitters,
housewives
specially trained
for the purpose
IEC/Social
Mobilization/
Monitoring
Motivating the local
population and raising
their awareness regarding
the use of filters, toilets
etc.
Trainers,
Motivators
SKILL GAPS
� Women involved in motivational activity, hardware
production and maintenance had no previous
experience of the job, therefore had a major skill gap.
However, acquiring the required skill was not difficult
and it was easy for the workers to learn from the
training they received.
� Skill set required for hardware production - Masonry.
Significant change in their skill set due to green
restructuring in the sense that they were unaware of
the technology to manufacture sanitary pans for which
they received training.
�High emphasis was given on intensive, area specific and time bound IEC/social mobilization activities for demand generation which again involved a different skill set
3559 CNG buses plying in the road in total and by the
middle of 2010, the government plans to introduce
3500 more buses.
Job opportunities:
• Drivers
• Mechanics
• CNG filling stations employees
Skill Gaps:
There is need for trained mechanics in this sector who
can handle and fix the CNG tools and machineries.
There has to be expansion of training institutes on an
immediate basis.
�The lack of institutional training has opened
up the opportunity for mushrooming of
country based non-formal training
arrangements by the garages and the
mechanic shops. The mechanics already know
the hand in experience of servicing and
maintenance of vehicles. So the generic
knowledge remains the same, what they learn
from their peers who do the CNG vehicles are
the specialties of the CNG engines. It is based
on the learning by doing process as most of it
is soft knowledge based on interpersonal
interactions. However they suffer from proper
quality assurances in training.
The ITIs around NCR has started the training
process of the mechanics for CNG run vehicles.
But the admissions to those institutes require
completion of minimum number of formal
schooling years. Since most of the mechanics do
not possess that, it would be helpful if this could
be modified to aptitude based training courses.
Goals Under NAPCC
� ensuring energy conservation and improved energy efficiency in various sectors as well as setting up of Bureau of Energy Efficiency
� promoting use of renewable energy
� power sector reforms and active renewable energy programme
� use of cleaner and lesser carbon intensive fuel for transport
� fuel switching to cleaner energy
� afforestation and conservation of forests
� promotion of clean coal technologies
� reduction of gas flaring
� encouraging Mass Rapid Transport systems
� environmental quality management for all sectors
� Eight national missions under NAPCC towards the green economy
� National Solar Mission - a hundred-thousand (One lakh) specially trained personnels across the skill spectrum; which will include management, Engineering and R&D personnel.
� National Water Mission
� National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency,
� National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
� National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Eco-system
� National Mission for a Green India
� National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
� National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change.
� JNNURM - Drainage/StormWater Drainage, water
supply, sewerage, transport, solid waste
management, preservation of water bodies
� National Rural Health Mission - Strengthening
sub-centre through better human resource
development, clear quality standards, better
community support and an untied fund to enable
local planning and action and more Multi Purpose
Workers (MPWs)
� MGNREGA -Guaranteeing hundred days of wage-
employment in a financial year to a rural
household who volunteer to do unskilled manual
work - Flood Control and Protection Water
Conservation and Water Harvesting Drought
Proofing Renovation of Traditional Water bodies
Based on National Knowledge Commission
recommendations for Vocational Education and
Training (VET)
For expansion, redesign and quality enhancement of
VET in the country a three tier structure has been
constituted under the National Skill Development
Mission (NSDM) :
a) National Council on Skill Development
b) National Skill Development Coordination Board
c) National Skill Development Corporation
11th five year plan report proposed skill development
based on Modular employable skills (MES)
Thirteen Point Action Plan for Employment in Unorganized Sector
� 12. Universalize and Strengthen National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA): Extension of NREGA Programmes to all districts.
� 13. Increase Employability through Skill Development: On-job-training cum employment-assurance programme to provide incentive of Rs 5000 per person to any employer willing to provide one-year training on job skill enhancement.
� 16% of Indian manufacturers offer in-service training to their employees, compared to over 90% of Chinese firms
� Central Leather Research institute in India offers training programs at academic and vocational level plus specialized short-term programs targeting executive staff from the industry.
� The Energy and Resources institute (TERI) provides training programs on biomass gasification for manufacturers, technicians, local service providers and state nodal agencies.
� 4650 vocational training institutes (among them nearly 500 ITIs)
Recommendations
� Embedding green employment generation as
a major component in all Missions and
Programmes related to greening or
otherwise.
� Skill development through on job training
�Certification system (across several levels)
for green employees in informal sector
� Financing
Design mechanism
Government – Fund devolution mechanism
Private Bodies – Fiscal Incentives, tax relief
� Restructuring of syllabi and curriculum of ITIs and
polytechnics to suit the green economy, as
presently there is hardly any course or programme
on the subject .
� Several institutions have already began offering
short term courses on green architecture, it is
important to include these courses in the syllabi of
formal architecture courses.
� Identification of emerging requirements of training
pertaining to green occupations
� Improving effectiveness, efficiency and relevance
of training
�Emphasising green skill development in
unorganised sector as more than 23% of
the male and 40% of female population in
unorganised sector is below primary level.
The combined figure for below secondary
is still more alarming as more than 83.5%
of the workers fall in this category. This
situation is extremely disturbing as the
vocational skill development programmes
start after secondary level
� To establish new units/department/faculties at
higher technical institution preferably
compulsory
� In several sectors in the economy in the absence
of formal training programmes people have
developed informal on-site training initiatives.
These people now have on hand experience of
newly adapted green technologies. Their
knowledge and experience can be very useful for
the nation. Establishment of formal training
programmes is necessary with a mechanism to
accommodate these personnel.
Thank you