Post on 16-Nov-2014
description
NarcoticsBy Emily Fender
Narcotics are drugs that are naturally derived from opium or produce effects like opium that are highly addictive.
Examples include morphine, codeine, heroin, oxycodone, methadone, and cocaine.
What are Narcotics
Narcotics in the form of opium were first used and abused in China. Smoking and abusing it was a common practice that was seen as completely normal. This went on for hundreds of years until addiction was seen negatively. This did not slow down even after this was discovered.
Egyptian hieroglyphs show that opium poppy was used by Romans and Egyptians for pain relief.
The upper class in the age of Hippocrates smoked opium as mood altering substances.
The leaf of the poppy was chewed beginning in the 1700’s for relaxation.
Beginning in 1806, morphine began to be extracted from the poppy flower. It was used for surgeries and giving birth as analgesia.
History
In 1853, opiates were more widely abused due to the invention of the hypodermic needle.
In the 20th century, morphine was used extensively for medical pain relief. It was used more for medical purposes as time went on.
Synthetic forms of morphine began to be made for medicinal purposes by the middle 1900’s. Drugs with more tolerable side effects and better pain management continued to be developed.
Now, narcotics are especially associated with crime and severe addiction.
History continued
Narcotics can be taken orally as pills, inhaled by smoking, injected by a hypodermic needle, the leaves of the poppy plant can be chewed, and cocaine is snorted.
The effects are immediate attaching to the painkilling sites controlling the release of endorphins. The opiate receptors are in the brain, spinal chord, and intestines.
Administering of Narcotics
Narcotics are also called ◦ Brown sugar◦ Chasing the dragon◦ China White◦ Crank◦ Dope◦ Horse◦ Junk
Street Names
There are a variety of classifications for different types of narcotics.
Schedule I- Heroin Schedule II- Cocaine, hydrocodone, methadone,
hydromorphone, meperidine, oxycodone, Schedule III- <15 mg of Hydrocodone/ dosage, 90 mg
codeine/ dosage Schedule V- <200 mg codeine
Narcotic Classification
Alcohol hydroxyl and methyl groups and morphine sulfate are common in narcotics.
Chemical Breakdown
Prolonged use produces◦ Physical effects
Tolerance Dependence Increased risk of blood borne diseases Renal failure Risk of overdose Organ damage
◦ Mental effects Anxiety Psychological dependence
◦ Social effects Broken relationships Antisocial behavior
◦ Legal Consequences Jail time for possession Arrest on permanent record with future consequences
Harmful Effects of Narcotics
Nervous System◦ Short-term- Lethargy, drowsiness, hallucinations, suppression of pain◦ Long-term- Loss of endorphin production, loss of coordination, slow
movement, brain disorders, seizures Cardiovascular System
◦ Short-term- reduced heart rate◦ Long-term- collapsed veins, slower heart rate, infection of heart valves
Digestive System◦ Short-term- constipation, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite◦ Long-term- intestinal slowing, liver malfunction
Respiratory System◦ Short-term- difficulty breathing◦ Long-term- pneumonia
Effects
Some narcotics are used to relieve extreme pain that is not controlled by milder substances. They can not be used for longer than four months due to their highly addictive nature.
They are often taken when needed. Morphine is given near death to ease pain and discomfort. Narcotics such as heroin are not used for any medicinal
purpose at the present.
Medical Uses
Mixing alcohol with pain pills or heroin can stop breathing, increase risk of overdose, and cause coma and death.
Mixing alcohol with cocaine raises the heart rate extremely high and can cause a heart attack.
Mixing with Alcohol
Narcotics are extremely addictive, so they can tear apart families and society.
Crime is especially associated with narcotics and results in many people incarcerated per year. Loss of productivity affects society.
Narcotics are very dangerous to society and the health of society and individuals.
Effect on Society
Click on the correct answers based on the information.
Quiz
Which substance is a narcotic?
Question 1
Meth Opium
Go on to the next question.
Sorry, it was opium.
Go on to the next question
Good Job! Correct Answer
Where was opium first used?
Question 2
China Rome
Egypt
Go on to the next question.
Awesome! Right answer.
Go on to the next question.
Sorry, the right answer is China.
True or false: Narcotics are extremely addictive.
Question 3
True False
Thanks for viewing
Correct
Thanks for viewing!
Sorry, the answer was True.
Eddy, Nathan B. "The History of the Development of Narcotics." Duke University, n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2701&context=lcp>.
"Pain Medications- Narcotics." Medline Plus. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007489.htm>.
"Drug Factuals." Youth on Drugs. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://youthondrugs.com/drugs/narcotics>.
"History of Narcotics." Narcotics.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://www.narcotics.com/history/>.
"Narcotics Effects." Narcotics.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://www.narcotics.com/effects/>.
"Narcotic Abuse." N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://www.healthcommunities.com/narcotic-abuse/overview-of-narcotic-abuse.shtml>.
"Drug Scheduling." Drug Enforcement Administration. DEA, n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://www.justice.gov/dea/druginfo/ds.shtml>.
"Opiate History and Chemical Structures." Drug Testing Matters. National Laboratory Certification Program, n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://datia.org/eNews/2011/NLCP_DTM_Bourland_Opiates_Part1_12Dec2011.pdf>.
"Opiate." ISATE. TOADS, n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://www.isate.memphis.edu/opiate.html>. "Morphine." PubChem Compound. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014.
<http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5288826>. "You Are Caught With Drugs." Just Think Twice. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014.
<http://www.justthinktwice.com/consequences/you_are_caught_with_drugs.html>.
Works Cited
"What are the effects of narcotics abuse?." Livestrong.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/119889-effects-narcotics-abuse/>.
"End of Life: Helping with Comfort and Care." National Institute on Aging. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publication/end-life-helping-comfort-and-care/providing-comfort-end-life>.
"Mixing Alcohol With Other Drugs." SCU Wellness Center. Santa Clara University, n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://www.scu.edu/wellness/topics/alcohol/mixingalcohol.cfm>.
Works Cited continued