Name the organelle and give its function.

Cell Parts Review

Animal Plant

Nucleus

Ribosome

Endoplasmic Reticulum: aids in processing carbohydrates, lipids and proteins for export from the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi Body

Nucleus: control body of the cell; contains the genetic material (DNA)Golgi Aparatus: modifies, sorts, and packages materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell

Ribosome: site where proteins are made

What is located in the nucleus?

NucleusChromosome

DNA

Nucleic Acid

Nucleotide

What does the DNA of all these organisms have in common?

They all share a universal genetic code.

DNA

Purpose of DNA

Why do we have DNA?

-Tells the genetic information

What is a Nucleotide?

1.

2.

3.

2.)

1. Phosphate Group

2. 5-Carbon Sugar(Dexoyribose or Ribose)

3. Nitrogen Base

Nucleotides, too

Remember DNA…Nucleotides make up nucleic acid

Double helix shape

Store genetic information

Help make proteins

Examples: DNA & RNA

sugar

phosphate

nitrogen base

NucleotidesThere are four nitrogen bases making up four different nucleotides.

Adenine

Guanine

Thymine

Cytosine

A

C

G

T

N base

Chargaff’s Base Pair Rules

Adenine always bonds with thymine. A = T

Guanine always bonds with Cytosine. G C

A

CG

T

C

G

A

A

T

G

Nucleotide

PS

N-b

Pairing DNA NucleotidesWhat is a nucleotide?

Rule

A to

C to

T

G

What is the base pairing rule?What would be the complementary nucleotide pairing?

3’End

3’End 5’End

5’End

DN

A D

OU

BL

E H

EL

IX

ladder shaped molecule

What is RNA?

DNA must have a “helper” molecule.

RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid

RNA is a single stranded

nucleic acid made up of monomers called nucleotides

sugar

phosphate

nitrogen base

A

B

C

RNA Nucleotides

A - Sugar (ribose)

B - Phosphate

C - Nitrogen base

sugar

phosphate

nitrogen base

Name the parts of the nucleotide.

Rules for Base Pairing

Cytosine pairs with Guanine

Adenine pairs with Uracil

Notice that RNA has Uracil (not thymine)

A = U

C = G

Rules for Base Pairing

C = G

A = U

3’ DNA strand

5’ DNA strandRNA strand

C

A

T

G

G

U

C

A

What is the function of RNA?

Carries DNA’s message code

Helps make protein

Types of RNAMessenger RNA (mRNA)Transfer RNA (tRNA)Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

RNA Codes for Amino Acids

The nitrogen bases in RNA code for amino acids.

A triplet of nitrogen bases codes for one amino acid.

The triplet is called a codon.

Overall process of protein synthesis

transcription translation

DNA RNAProtein is made on ribosome