Post on 19-Jan-2016
description
N5 N5 Music ThroughMusic Through
The AgesBaroque MusicBaroque Music
BaroqueConcerto
OperaScale
Major / MinorChord / HarmonyBroken chord /
ArpeggioPedal
Inverted PedalCanon
Binary ABTernary ABA
ConcertoConcerto
CadenzaCadenza
HarpsichordHarpsichord
Ground BassGround Bass
Soprano / Alto Soprano / Alto
Tenor / BassTenor / Bass
Mezzo Soprano / Mezzo Soprano / BaritoneBaritone
OrnamentOrnament
TrillTrill
EpisodeEpisode
Homophonic/Homophonic/PolyphonicPolyphonic
Syllabic / Syllabic / MelismaticMelismatic
All concepts in red are Higher concepts
•
The word Baroque was first used to describe the highly
decorative and grand style of architecture and art of the 17th
Century
Musicians adopted the word using it to describe the
musical styles of the years 1600-1750
The system of ModesModes, which the tonalitytonality was based on in the
Medieval and Renaissance periods was disused and by the end of the 17th Century music was based on
Major Major and MinorMinor tonalities.Many new musical structures were introduced and developed by
Baroque composers including......
Opera
Oratorio
Recitative
Aria
Suite
Concerto
FugueConcerto Grosso
Cadenza
There were many important composers in the Baroque period....
The two most influential were:
Johann Sebastian Bach
•1685-1750
•Born in Eisenach, Germany
•Died Leipzig Germany
George Frederic Händel
•1685-1759
•Born in Halle, Germany
•Died in London England
Baroque Instrumental Music
The Baroque Orchestra The Baroque Orchestra ContainedContained
•A string section
•1 or 2 flutes (or recorders), oboes and bassoons
•1 or 2 horns and occasionally trumpets (NO VALVES !!!)
•Timpani
•Organ or Harpsichord (Continuo)
The Violin family (Violin, Viola, Cello and Double bass) replaced the viols of the renaissance period in the first half of the
Baroque period.
The organ or harpsichord played a continuo or figured bass
The performer follows a Bass line with a series of figures (Figured bass) which tells the player which chords to improvise around
The key styles of instrumental composition in the baroque period were.............
Concerto Grosso
Suite
Fuguehttp://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/learnlisteningonline/higherandadvancedhigher/musicaltopics/form/Fugue.asp
http://www.pgsarts.co.uk/listening1.html
Ground Bass - A theme in the bass which is repeated many times while the upper parts are varied.
Concerto Grosso
Was one of the most important forms developed in the Baroque period
In concerto Grosso, a small group of
soloists called the Concertino contrast against the orchestra
RipienoThe most well known concerto Grosso are the Brandenburg
concertos by J.S Bach
Fugue
Composers moved away from the homophonic texture; where all
parts move together to polyphonic/contrapuntal writing, where two or more parts move at different times from each otherThe fugue is the most important
type of polyphonic writing in the Baroque period, and is based on
imitation.The fugue uses 3 or 4 parts which merge together and overlap using
imitation
Fugues were mostly written for harpsichord or organ
The two main types of Baroque vocal compositions are
Opera and Oratorio, These are similar but have some differences....Feature Opera Oratorio
4 Part Choir Yes Yes
Orchestra Yes Yes
Solo Voices Yes Yes
Sacred Story No Yes
Secular story Yes No
Costumes Yes No
Scenery Yes No
Acting Yes No
Opera would be performed in a concert
Hall or Opera house
Oratorio would be
performed in a church
The solo song in opera and Oratorio is called an Aria,
The key features of an aria are.......
Accompanied by
orchestra
Usually in ternary form
Known as Da Capo Arias
Syllabic:Syllabic: where each syllable of each word is given 1 musical note to be sung
Melismatic: Melismatic: where each syllable can be given more where each syllable can be given more than one note per syllablethan one note per syllable
Word Painting:Word Painting: Where the musical line reflects the words being sung
• Texture where you hear melody with accompaniment or where all the parts play a similar rhythm at the same time.
• See how the parts all have the same rhythm here:
Homophonic
PolyphonicTexture which consists of two or more melodic lines, possibly of equal importance, which weave independently of each other. Polyphonic is similar in meaning to contrapuntal.
EpisodeA section of music linking two appearances of the same material. Listen to an episode from a Concerto Grosso.In Fugue an episode can be used as a modulating link between entries of the subject and is frequently based on fragments from the subject or Counter subject.
Episode
Short for pedal point. A note which is sustained, or repeated continuously, in the bass beneath changing harmonies.In the notation, a pedal note can be seen in the lower part.
Pedal
Inverted Pedal A note which is held on or repeated continuously
at a high pitch. Opposite in pitch to pedal.